Abstract:
:Melanoma is a malignancy of pigment-producing cells that is driven by a variety of genetic mutations and aberrations. In most cases, this leads to upregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway through activating mutations of upstream mediators of the pathway including BRAF and NRAS. With the advent of effective MAPK pathway inhibitors, including the US FDA-approved BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib and MEK inhibitor trametinib, molecular analysis has become an integral part of the care of patients with metastatic melanoma. In this article, the key molecular targets and strategies to inhibit these targets therapeutically are presented, and the techniques of identifying these targets, in both tissue and blood, are discussed.
journal_name
Am J Clin Dermatoljournal_title
American journal of clinical dermatologyauthors
Akabane H,Sullivan RJdoi
10.1007/s40257-015-0159-zsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-02-01 00:00:00pages
1-10issue
1eissn
1175-0561issn
1179-1888pii
10.1007/s40257-015-0159-zjournal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Vitamin D plays a key role in skeletal and cardiovascular disorders, cancers, central nervous system diseases, reproductive diseases, infections, and autoimmune and dermatological disorders. The two main sources of vitamin D are sun exposure and oral intake, including vitamin D supplementation and dietary intake. Mult...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-017-0323-8
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most people in modern society are exposed daily to fragrance ingredients from one or more sources. Fragrance ingredients are also one of the most frequent causes of contact allergic reactions. The diagnosis is made by patch testing with a mixture of fragrance ingredients, the fragrance mix. This gives a positive patch...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200304110-00006
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Granular parakeratosis (GP) is a rare, idiopathic, and benign skin condition that presents classically as erythematous to brown hyperkeratotic papules that can coalesce into plaques. Axillary GP was initially observed by Northcutt and colleagues and has since been described in various other areas of the body including...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-015-0148-2
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The relationship between psoriasis and vitiligo has not been previously confirmed, and we therefore aimed to investigate this association. METHODS:We conducted a search of the MEDLINE and EMBASE electronic databases on 22 January 2018 for case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies examining the assoc...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1007/s40257-018-0394-1
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microdermabrasion is a simple, safe, office cosmetic procedure in which aluminum oxide crystals or other abrasive substances are blown onto the face, then vacuumed off, using a single handpiece. This procedure has rapidly become widely utilized for a variety of cosmetic objectives, including the improvement of photoag...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200506020-00003
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Efforts have been recently made to investigate simple, objective, accurate, and reproducible methods of clinical/noninvasive assessment of nonsegmental vitiligo. However, studies have mostly considered quantitative or semiquantitative parameters, almost neglecting the purely qualitative appearance of vitilig...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40257-012-0001-9
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term corticosteroid treatment is the most common secondary cause of bone loss. Patients treated with long-term corticosteroid therapy may develop osteopenia or osteoporosis, and many have fractures. It is difficult to predict which corticosteroid-treated patients will develop significant skeletal complications be...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11594250-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycobacterial organisms have re-emerged as an important cause of infectious disease worldwide. Both tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial infections remain endemic in many parts of the world and are becoming more common in patients with iatrogenic immunosuppression and HIV infection. The nontuberculous mycobac...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200910050-00001
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subcutaneous adalimumab (Humira®) is a tumour necrosis factor-α blocker that is the only approved agent for the treatment of moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) in several countries worldwide. This article reviews the clinical efficacy and safety of subcutaneous adalimumab in patients with moderate to sev...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-016-0220-6
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A few studies in psoriasis vulgaris patients have reported changes suggesting red blood cell (RBC) damage is linked to neutrophil activation, oxidative stress, and psoriasis worsening. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to evaluate erythroid disturbances in Portuguese psoriasis vulgaris patients, before, d...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11592110-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor therapy is not a common indication for the use of lasers, as it is in the treatment of benign vascular skin lesions, since many alternative treatment modalities exist. However, certain patients may benefit from laser therapy of premalignant and malignant skin tumors. Skin tumors can be treated by laser excision,...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200102040-00004
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that is important in the hematological and nervous systems, and it has a complex relationship with the skin. Altered cobalamin levels can lead to dermatological manifestations, which may indicate a deficiency or excess of this vitamin. The biochemistry a...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-014-0107-3
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Erythema annulare centrifugum is a reactive erythema of various possible etiologies including, although less often, an associated cancer. Cancer-related erythema annulare centrifugum is most commonly associated with lymphoproliferative malignancies, specifically lymphoma and leukemia. Malignancy-associated erythema an...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11596580-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a reactive hypermelanosis and sequela of a variety of inflammatory skin conditions. PIH can have a negative impact on a patient's quality of life, particularly for darker-skinned patients. Studies show that dyschromias, including PIH, are one of the most common presenting co...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11536930-000000000-00000
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rapidly increasing number of people visit dermatologists for the prevention and treatment of aging skin. Sun avoidance and sunscreen use are widely accepted strategies of primary prevention against photoaging. Convincing evidence shows that topical application of retinoids has an effect on reversing, at least partia...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11530210-000000000-00000
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The etiologies of a variety of skin conditions associated with diabetes have not been fully explained. One possible etiological factor is diabetic microangiopathy, which is known to affect the eyes and kidneys in patients with diabetes. There are many mechanisms by which diabetes may cause microangiopathy. These inclu...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200506040-00003
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Scalp psoriasis is commonly the initial presentation of psoriasis, and almost 80 % of patients with psoriasis will eventually experience it. OBJECTIVE:Although several systematic reviews and guidelines exist, an up-to-date evidence-based review including more recent progress on the use of biologics and new ...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-016-0222-4
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Narrow-band ultraviolet B (NBUVB) phototherapy is an important treatment modality in dermatology. The most common dermatological indications for NBUVB include psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and vitiligo; however, it has been found to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment option in various other dermatoses. The ef...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-015-0151-7
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alopecia areata (AA) is non-scarring hair loss resulting from an autoimmune disorder. Severity varies from patchy hair loss that often spontaneously resolves to severe and chronic cases that can progress to total loss of scalp and body hair. Many treatments are available; however, the efficacy of these treatments has ...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-016-0230-4
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Granuloma annulare (GA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology characterized by the development of plaques preferentially localized to the distal extremities. Spontaneous remission and relapses are quite common and the course of GA is not easy to predict. Moreover, most therapeutic regimens have been us...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11311040-000000000-00000
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Based on the results of numerous preclinical and clinical studies, sertaconazole can be considered a safe and effective drug for the treatment of fungal skin infections. OBJECTIVE:The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of a solution containing 2% sertaconazole with the well established 2% se...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00128071-200708060-00007
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:A meta-analysis of 3 major German studies conducted between 1989 and 1994 with cyclosporine in severe psoriasis was performed to allow an integrated evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of cyclosporine in this indication. DESIGN AND SETTING:All 3 studies were prospective, randomized, parallel group st...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.2165/00128071-200102010-00007
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eruptive melanocytic nevi (EMN) is a phenomenon characterized by the sudden onset of nevi. Our objective was to compile all published reports of EMN to identify possible precipitating factors and to evaluate the clinical appearance and course. We conducted a systematic bibliographic search and selected 93 articles, re...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-019-00444-8
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a severe chronic autoimmune blistering disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes. It is characterized by suprabasal acantholysis due to disruption of desmosomal connections between keratinocytes. Autoantibodies against desmosomal cadherins, desmoglein 3 and 1, have been shown to ind...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40257-020-00544-w
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Methotrexate (MTX) is an effective treatment for psoriasis but its use is limited by its toxicity. Folate supplementation can be used to reduce the adverse effects of MTX, though this may impact efficacy. The frequency of folic acid supplementation is not well characterized. PURPOSE:The objective of this st...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-013-0017-9
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The connection between the brain and the skin is more than a physiologic fact. Skin conditions can impose great effects on every field in the patients' lives. Reciprocally, skin diseases can be evoked by psychological problems. A psychodermatology clinic is the format that enables dermatology patients to receive a com...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11630950-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis (MHP), such as delusional infestation (DI), the patient has a fixed, false, encapsulated belief associated with tactile hallucinations (TH), most commonly formication, which is defined as cutaneous sensations of crawling, stinging, biting, etc., without evidence of infestat...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-016-0219-z
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory systemic disease associated with an important physical and physiological burden. It primarily affects the skin, but it is associated with several serious medical co-morbidities. One third of total psoriatic cases have their onset during the pediatric age, although some of them may n...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-017-0294-9
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has been proposed as a treatment for toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted to examine the efficacy and safety of IVIg in TEN and SJS patients. Seventeen relevant articles (14 TEN, 3 SJS) were identif...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200607060-00004
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dermis normally directs all phases of skin wound healing following tissue trauma or disease. However, in chronic wounds, the dermal matrix is insufficient to stimulate healing and assistance by external factors is needed for wound closure. Although the concept of the extracellular matrix directing wound healing is...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200708020-00001
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00