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Founder effects of the homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD) gene in a gypsy population and mutation spectrum in the gene among alkaptonuria patients from India.

Abstract：

INTRODUCTION:Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare metabolic disease. The global incidence is 1:100,000 to 1:250,000. However, identification of a founder mutation in a gypsy population from India prompted us to study the prevalence of AKU in this population and to do molecular typing in referred cases of AKU from the rest of India. OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of AKU in the gypsy population predominantly residing in the seven districts of Tamil Nadu. To determine the molecular characteristic of AKU cases referred to our clinic from various parts of India. METHOD:Urine spot test to detect homogentisic acid followed by quantitative estimation using high-performance liquid chromatography in 499 participants from the gypsy population and confirming the founder mutation in those with high levels by sequencing. Sequence the homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD) gene to identify mutations and variants in 29 AKU non-gypsy cases. RESULTS:The founder mutation was detected in homozygous state in 41/499 AKU-affected individuals of the gypsy community giving a high prevalence of 8.4%. Low back pain, knee pain, and eye and ear pigmentation were the most common symptoms and signs respectively. The commonest mutation identified in the non-gypsy AKU cases was p.Ala122Val. CONCLUSION:High prevalence of AKU in the inbred gypsy population at 8.4% was detected confirming the founder effect. Urine screening provided a cost-effective method to detect the disease early. Mutation spectrum is varied in the rest of the Indian population. This study identified maximum number of mutations in exon 6 of the HGD gene. Key Points • High prevalence (8.4%) of alkaptonuria (AKU) in the gypsy population due to founder mutation in the HGD gene. • Inbreeding exemplifies the founder effects of this rare genetic disorder. • Urinary screening is a cost-effective method in this community for early detection of AKU and intervention. • The mutation spectrum causing AKU is diverse in the rest of the Indian population.

journal_name

Clin Rheumatol

journal_title

Clinical rheumatology

authors

Danda S,Mohan S,Devaraj P,Dutta AK,Nampoothiri S,Yesodharan D,Phadke SR,Jalan AB,Thangaraj K,Verma IC,Danda D,Jebaraj I

doi

10.1007/s10067-020-05020-8

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-09-01 00:00:00

pages

2743-2749

issue

eissn

0770-3198

issn

1434-9949

pii

10.1007/s10067-020-05020-8

journal_volume

pub_type

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Founder effects of the homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD) gene in a gypsy population and mutation spectrum in the gene among alkaptonuria patients from India.