Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:The prevalence of treatment resistant hypertension (RH) depends on methods used for blood pressure (BP) measurements, goals of BP, and therapeutic efforts in terms of medication and adherence. We focused on diabetic subjects and explored the prevalence of RH in primary care practice. METHODS:In 1737 subjects with type 2 diabetes who continued regular visits, office BP was evaluated by multiple measurements over one year. RH was defined as using more than four antihypertensive drugs or failure to achieve the goal with three antihypertensive drugs from different classes. The RH prevalence was investigated with BP goals <130/80 and 140/90 mmHg. RESULTS:The percentage of subjects who achieved BP goals <130/80 and 140/90 were 70.5% and 93.8% with adherence to medication ≥95%, and the corresponding prevalence rates of RH in treated subjects were 28.4% and 21.8%, respectively. Factors independently associated with RH were age (odds ratio 1.02 [95% CI 1.01-1.04]), body mass index (1.10 [1.06-1.13]), variability in systolic BP (1.06 [1.02-1.09]), triglycerides (2.86 [1.34-6.11]), macroalbuminuria (3.33 [2.03-5.48]), estimated glomerular filtration rate (0.98 [0.97-0.99]), retinopathy (1.91 [1.39-2.61]), and family history of hypertension (1.85 [1.23-2.21]). Worsening albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate enhanced the prevalence of RH in a graded manner. CONCLUSION:Careful estimation of office BP values over one year with a high achievement of BP goals and adequate adherence revealed that the prevalence of RH in type 2 diabetes is high. RH was characterized by accumulation of cardiovascular genetic and environmental risks.
journal_name
Diabetes Res Clin Practjournal_title
Diabetes research and clinical practiceauthors
Yokoyama H,Araki S,Watanabe S,Honjo J,Okizaki S,Yamada D,Shudo R,Shimizu H,Sone H,Haneda Mdoi
10.1016/j.diabres.2015.08.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-10-01 00:00:00pages
18-25issue
1eissn
0168-8227issn
1872-8227pii
S0168-8227(15)00364-2journal_volume
110pub_type
杂志文章abstract：AIMS:Diabetes and its complications have a significant economic impact on individuals and their families, health systems and national economies. METHODS:The direct health expenditure of diabetes was calculated relying on the following inputs: diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes prevalence estimates, United Nations popu...
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abstract：:Diabetic retinopathy is associated with microvascular damage and capillary occlusions which are common features of the microangiopathy in diabetes. Monocyte-derived microparticles (MDMPs) are released from activated monocytes and enhance the procoagulant activity, and also activate adhesion reactions. These are key ev...
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journal_title：Diabetes research and clinical practice
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Diabetes research and clinical practice
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更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00
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abstract：:Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2) is a newly identified member of the mitochondrial anion carrier family and shares 60% sequence identity with the well-characterized thermogenic UCP-1 from brown adipose tissue. Several lines of evidence suggest that UCP-2 is involved in the control of reactive oxygen species (ROS) producti...
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更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Diabetes research and clinical practice
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The insulin sensitivity of intermediary metabolism was studied in 8 non-obese men with well-controlled diet-treated non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM) using a low dose incremental insulin infusion (basal, 0.005 and 0.01 U/kg h-1). Results were compared to 8 healthy male control subjects matched (NIDDM vs. controls...
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更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a worldwide public health problem. Few studies investigated the association of intra uterine exposure to GDM and long-term endocrine morbidity of offspring. OBJECTIVE:To assess whether in utero exposure to GDM increases the risk for long-term endocrine morbidity of the...
journal_title：Diabetes research and clinical practice
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.diabres.2018.09.003
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
