Abstract:
:Patterns of cigarette smoking in Switzerland were analyzed on the basis of sales data (available since 1924) and national health surveys conducted in the last decade. There was a steady and substantial increase in cigarettes sales up to the early 1970s. Thereafter, the curve tended to level off around an average value of 3,000 cigarettes per adult per year. According to the 1981-1983 National Health Survey, 37% of Swiss men were current smokers, 25% were ex-smokers, and 39% were never smokers. Corresponding porportions in women were 22, 11, and 67%. Among men, smoking prevalence was higher in lower social classes, and some moderate decline was apparent from survey data over the period 1975-1981 mostly in later middle-age. Trends in lung cancer death certification rates over the period 1950-1984 were analyzed using standard cross-sectional methods and a log-linear Poisson model to isolate the effects of age, birth cohort, and year of death. Mortality from lung cancer increased substantially among Swiss men between the early 1950s and the late 1970s, and levelled off (around a value of 70/100,000 men) thereafter. Among women, there has been a steady upward trend which started in the mid-1960s, and continues to climb steadily, although lung cancer mortality is still considerably lower in absolute terms (around 8/100,000 women) than in several North European countries or in North America. Cohort analyses indicate that the peak rates in men were reached by the generation born around 1910 and mortality stabilized for subsequent generations up to the 1930 birth cohort. Among females, marked increases were observed in each subsequent birth cohort. This pattern of trends is consistent with available information on smoking prevalence in successive generations, showing a peak among men for the 1910 cohort, but steady upward trends among females. Over the period 1980-1984, about 90% of lung cancer deaths among Swiss men and about 40% of those among women could be attributed to smoking (overall proportion, 85%).
journal_name
Prev Medjournal_title
Preventive medicineauthors
La Vecchia C,Levi F,Decarli A,Wietlisbach V,Negri E,Gutzwiller Fdoi
10.1016/0091-7435(88)90090-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-11-01 00:00:00pages
712-24issue
6eissn
0091-7435issn
1096-0260journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current state-of-the-science for interventions to increase bone mass gains in children and adolescents using weight-bearing physical activity or calcium supplementation. METHODS:Studies were located using computerized and manual searches of the empirical literatu...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/pmed.2000.0758
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Habitual short sleep duration is a common practice linked to weight gain and risk of obesity. Our objective was to examine the association between sleep duration with other behaviors, such as physical activity and nutrition, which are important for obesity prevention efforts. METHODS:We used cross-sectional ...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.11.008
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a redesign of medical test results by placing the information of blood samples in the context of the patient's personal clinical data. We predict that implementing personalized data in the treatment of patients will promote engagement in the treatment, motivate patients to take responsibility and lead to gr...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.08.008
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To guide the development of an AIDS prevention program for urban minority high school students, the authors investigated the prevalence of AIDS-risk behaviors, and the relative explanatory power of demographic, contextual, and cognitive correlates of these behaviors, among black and Hispanic students in thre...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/pmed.1993.1074
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We described the prevalence of overweight and obesity among low-income women in rural West Virginia (WV) and urban Los Angeles County (LA County). Both communities participated in the national Communities Putting Prevention to Work program during 2010-2012. In each community, we completed health assessments on adult w...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.02.016
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although colorectal cancer is not one of the major tobacco-related cancers, a possible association with tobacco has been suggested following the observation of a relationship between cigarette smoking and colorectal adenomas. The issue of a long latency of tobacco on colorectal carcinogenesis has also been s...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/pmed.1995.1091
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1981-1982 the Division of Cancer Control (Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles) implemented a Know Your Body program in the Los Angeles and Santa Monica Unified School Districts. The results from this evaluation are based on analyses of over 1,400 elementary school children (ag...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0091-7435(87)90020-x
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Based on current trends, smoking will remain a major public health problem in the 21st century. Effective smoking prevention approaches offer the best hope for decreasing the rise in adolescent smoking rates. Competence enhancement approaches to smoking prevention are among the most successful. Yet, there is...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/pmed.2000.0674
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Missed childhood vaccination opportunities have been generally described, yet not since the immunization schedule's recent rapid expansion. Little is known about the relationship between the number of vaccine doses due and whether all scheduled doses are administered, and the effect of dose deferral on immun...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.12.001
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:It is unknown how much previous reviews on promoting physical activity (PA) for children and adolescents (aged 6-18years) take into account studies from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC, based on the World Bank definition) and the level of evidence of the effect of PA interventions in this population. T...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.03.025
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Reducing adolescents' exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is an important public health goal. This paper identifies the linkage between young people's exposure at home and household smoking restrictions, and suggests the promotion of such restrictions as a strategy to reduce health risks. METHODS:...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/pmed.1997.0152
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study tested the effects of two organizational support processes, the provision of financial incentives for superior clinical performance and the availability of a patient (smoker) registry and proactive telephone support system for smoking cessation, on provider adherence to accepted practice guideline...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0091-7435(02)00052-x
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and marijuana remain prevalent problems among adolescents nationwide. We assessed current (past 30-day) exclusive e-cigarette use, exclusive marijuana use, and concurrent use with unintentional injury and violent behaviors, alcohol and other drug use behaviors, and sexua...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106429
更新日期:2021-01-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Physical activity guidelines recommend children should engage in 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) a day. School recess presents an opportunity for children to be physically active during the school day. Limited research has investigated children's activity levels during recess and its ...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.10.023
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunization programs have been challenged by vaccine crises. Between 2013 and 2018, China has experienced three major vaccine scandals and crises, which has partly impaired Chinese public trust in domestically produced vaccines. This study aims to explore the associations between parental trust toward CDC-released cr...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106423
更新日期:2021-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of this study is to provide, for the United States, estimates for gun-owning and non-owning households in terms of firearm and non-firearm suicides and suicide attempts. To make these ballpark estimates I combine a half-dozen known "facts" about suicide (e.g., households with firearms are at approximately 3× ...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.12.003
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent studies find lesbians at greater risk for overweight and obesity than heterosexual women. While this may reflect differences in attitudes concerning weight and body shape, little is actually known about risk factors within this group. This study examines correlates of obesity and exercise frequency am...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0091-7435(03)00020-3
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Early detection of skin cancer is associated with improved prognosis. The American Cancer Society's current skin cancer screening (SCS) recommendation states that adults over the age of 40 should receive an annual skin examination conducted by a health professional. However, little is known about the psychos...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.01.017
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The associations among cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption with recent screening mammograms were evaluated among women ages 50 years and older. METHODS:The sample included 946 white and African-American women ages 50 years and older from the 1995 Maryland Behavioral Risk Factor Survey. Bivariate and l...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/pmed.1998.0445
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term prescription opioid use is associated both with new-onset and recurrence of depression. Whether chronic opioid use interferes with depression management has not been reported, therefore we determined whether patients' longer duration of opioid use and higher opioid dose are associated with new-onset treatmen...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.08.003
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This paper presents reliability and validity analyses of physical activity-related psychosocial questionnaires completed by 8- to 10-year-old African-American girls at baseline and follow-up assessments of pilot intervention studies in the Girls health Enrichment Multi-site Study (GEMS). METHODS:Two hundred...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.12.030
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Until now it has been difficult to ascertain how much passive inhalation of tobacco smoke affects bronchopulmonary function. To answer this question, an investigation involving 1,351 white collar workers was carried out. Information about active and passive tobacco smoke exposure was obtained by a standardized questio...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0091-7435(84)80015-8
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Excellent medication adherence contributes to decreases in morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Although researchers have tested many interventions to increase adherence, results are sometimes conflicting and often unclear. This systematic review applied meta-analytic procedures to integrate primary research t...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.03.008
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A meta-analysis on Active Video Games (AVG) as a rehabilitative tool does not appear to be available. This meta-analytic review synthesizes the effectiveness of AVGs on patients' rehabilitative outcomes. Ninety-eight published studies on AVGs and rehabilitation were obtained in late 2015 with 14 meeting the following ...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.12.003
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this commentary, we reflect on the growing opioid overdose epidemic and propose that chronic pain patients prescribed opioids are contributing to growing mortality rates. We advocate for expanding naloxone access and overdose prevention training, which has historically been directed when available to injection drug...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.05.016
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Occupational risk factors contribute significantly to the development of lung cancer; however, little is known about the extent to which employees are informed of occupational exposure to carcinogenic substances. METHODS:Through a case-control study, we estimated the level of awareness among Greek employees...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.07.007
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although the U.S. Navy mandated Total Quality Leadership (TQL) as a management strategy throughout its medical department in the early 1990s, it was unknown to what extent it was being used for health promotion activities and, if so, how effectively. METHODS:A brief mail survey of 204 Navy commands suppleme...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/pmed.2000.0665
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To report on the contribution walking makes to total weekly physical activity and the relationship between the volume and intensity of walking and leanness in a representative sample of the Northern Ireland population. METHOD:4563 adults participated in this cross-sectional survey of physical activity behavi...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.12.008
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To explore what factors influence Turkish parents' decision whether to have their children immunised or not and compare them with other internationally published studies. METHOD:Data from 300 parents were gathered via a survey completed by the parents during their policlinic visit between January 2009 and Ma...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.01.011
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate if the lower mortality among participants of a health check followed by lifestyle intervention of high risk persons is explained by self-selection. METHODS:All persons residing in the study area (Copenhagen; Denmark) were randomized to intervention (n=11,629) or control group (n=47,987). Perso...
journal_title:Preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.07.004
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00