Abstract：
:The thermal-dye technique for the measurement of ELW is available for clinical and experimental use. This method is safe and can be performed serially in an individual patient. Although it is invasive, it requires only a central venous catheter and an arterial catheter, which are often already in place for routine hemodynamic monitoring and management. The procedure is accurate under a variety of conditions. Two obstacles argue against its routine application. First, the reliability of this approach appears to be seriously compromised when there are areas of edematous lung with poor blood perfusion. This includes aspiration and perhaps other forms of acute lung injury. Second, it remains to be demonstrated how useful routine measurements of ETVL, even if accurate, are in clinical management. However, regardless of the accuracy of the various methods for determination of ELW, the process of their development has significantly enhanced our knowledge of pulmonary edema formation and fluid distribution. We are at a transition point of soon being able to determine ELW easily. Techniques of reducing ELW can now be assessed directly in patients with pulmonary edema. As these therapies are developed and understood, the demand for the measurement of ELW will become a greater part of clinical medicine, and may stimulate further refinement of methods for quantitating lung water.
journal_name
Crit Care Clinjournal_title
Critical care clinicsauthors
Sivak ED,Wiedemann HPsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-07-01 00:00:00pages
511-26issue
3eissn
0749-0704issn
1557-8232journal_volume
2pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The leukotrienes are a group of biologically active products of arachidonic acid metabolism that have been demonstrated to possess the capability to alter vascular reactivity as well as vascular permeability when applied topically to tissues or infused into the vascular bed of various organs. These biologic effects of...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death in trauma. Damage control resuscitation relies on permissive hypotension, minimizing crystalloid use, and early implementation of massive transfusion protocols with established blood component ratios. These protocols improve the survival of the severely injured pati...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2016.08.002
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in supporting adult refractory respiratory failure continues to evolve. Technical advances and the clinical challenges of H1N1 associated severe ARDS have spurred a resurgence of interest in ECMO. Published systematic review and pooled analyses point out the limit...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2011.05.009
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinicians are confronted with a complex challenge when a patient is admitted to a critical care unit (CCU) with a significant chest roentgenography (CXR) abnormality. The etiology of a new infiltrate seen on CXR in a patient already in the CCU is more difficult to establish, but is of equal concern. ...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70383-3
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anemia is common in critically ill patients, but treatment with red blood cell transfusions can have unwanted effects. Limiting the occurrence and severity of anemia by using erythropoietic agents (iron and/or recombinant erythropoietin), therefore, remains an attractive option during the intensive care unit stay but ...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2012.04.003
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Assessment of oxygenation is an integral part of monitoring critically ill patients. Current available modalities including pulse oximetry, transcutaneous and transconjunctival oxygen measurements are reviewed. In addition, future modalities to assess oxygen delivery and utilization at the level of the intact end-orga...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dyspnea is a subjective experience that can be reported by the patient. Respiratory distress is an observable corollary, and represents the physical or emotional suffering that results from the experience of dyspnea. Recognizing and understanding this subjective phenomenon poses a challenge to intensive care unit (ICU...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2004.03.015
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In July 2001, the United States Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health care Organizations adopted a new leadership standard that requires department heads in health care organizations to perform at least one Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) every year. This proactive approach to error prevention has prove...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2004.07.005
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infections caused by Candida species are now endemic and entrenched in the intensive care unit setting. Candida infections continue to provide a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to clinicians. The increased prevalence of Candida infections represent the high price clinicians and patients must pay for the adv...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Medication errors are a significant public health problem in United States hospitals. Patients in the ICU are at particular risk for medication errors because of the characteristics of an ICU and the nature of its patients. This article reviews the principles of medication safety and applies these principles to the IC...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2006.02.005
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although our understanding of molecular events in septic shock is growing exponentially, bedside management has changed only incrementally over the last 20 years. In pediatric and adult patients alike, treatment continues to be largely supportive. Morbidity and mortality, though gradually improving, continue to be hig...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70328-6
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Total parenteral nutrition was developed in the 1960s and has since been implemented commonly in the intensive care unit (ICU). Studies published in the 1980s and early 1990s indicate that the use of total parenteral nutrition is associated with increased mortality and infectious morbidity. These detrimental effects w...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2010.04.002
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In pediatric trauma care, many long-held tenets of management have been revised. This article reviews the latest advances in pediatric trauma care, particularly in the areas of resuscitation and management of thoracic and abdominal injuries. The final topic is a discussion of what the intensivist and surgeon must know...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0749-0704(03)00005-8
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infection and/or sepsis biomarkers should help to make the diagnosis and thus initiate therapy earlier, help to differentiate between infectious and sterile inflammation, allow the use of more-specific antimicrobials, shorten the time of antimicrobial use, and ideally identify distinct phenotypes that may benefit from...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2011.01.002
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are numerous mechanisms of hypoxemia and hypercapnia during the perioperative period. Mechanisms of hypoxemia include oxygen delivery problems, decreased FAC-CC relationship, hypoventilation, decreased cardiac output, increased oxygen consumption, decreased hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, and increased nonal...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alterations in hemostasis are common in patients with cancer admitted to the ICU. Depending on the underlying disease and specific hemostatic abnormality, the patient with cancer may develop bleeding, thrombosis, or both, such as DIC. Bleeding complications usually result from abnormalities in platelets or deficiency ...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70200-1
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Meningococcemia is notorious for evasion of the host immune system and its rapid progression to fulminant disease, and serves as a unique model for pediatric sepsis. Illness severity is determined by complex interplays among host, pathogen, and environment. The inflammatory host response, including proinflammatory and...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2019.12.005
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute respiratory failure is common in critically ill children, who are at increased risk of respiratory embarrassment because of the developmental variations in the respiratory system. Although multiple etiologies exist, pneumonia and bronchiolitis are most common. Respiratory system monitoring has evolved, with the ...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2012.12.004
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The critically ill patient presents a pharmaceutical dilemma, with the clinical condition often necessitating the administration of potent medications. The underlying disease process often includes or produces multi-system failure, which will subsequently alter the response to drugs, with the potential to further comp...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is important that educators in the intensive care unit (ICU) provide physicians in training with the guidance and experience requisite in developing foundational skills in value-based medical practice. This article discusses the underlying philosophy of ethically based medical decision making and describes the comp...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70215-3
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The burned child requires a management that is different from that employed in the burned adult because of physiologic and psychological dissimilarities, although basic principles of management are the same. Particular problems and treatment of the burned child are highlighted. ...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The patient with advanced cirrhosis presents unique challenges to the critical care physician, in great measure because of the protean functions attributable to the liver and the multiplicity of derangements that may occur. Portal hypertension, once it develops, is the source of potentially devastating complications t...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mechanical ventilation, although essential in taking care of acute lung injury and widely used during surgical procedures worldwide, remains a highly debated field. Clinical trials in the last decade have shown convincingly that mechanical ventilation can result in additional mortality in patients with acute lung inju...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2006.11.016
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolic acid-base disturbances commonly and predictably complicate the course of many intensive care unit patients and plague the intensivists, surgeons, and anesthesiologists beset with the task of caring for them. In this article, we offer a systematic approach to the patient with the metabolic acid-base disorders...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Surviving Sepsis Campaign targets central venous pressure, mean arterial pressure, and central venous oxygen saturation as guides for resuscitation. Fluid resuscitation and the use of vasopressors are paramount to the success of the campaign's end points. Although the achievement of supranormal physiologic paramet...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2009.12.005
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:N-6 and n-3 PUFAs from the diet are absorbed and reach the cell where they interact with fatty acid binding proteins within cell membranes and cytoplasm. They are processed in the endoplasmic reticulum (desaturation-elongation reactions, lipid synthesis, eicosanoid and epoxide production) and in peroxisomes (beta-oxid...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70160-3
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proper care of the severely injured patient will require the development of a new anesthesia specialist. The trauma anesthesiologist, like the cardiovascular anesthesiologist, must become thoroughly familiar with one disease. The anesthesiologist who manages patients with traumatic disease must become an expert in cri...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Access to critical care is rapidly growing in areas of the world where it was previously nonexistent and where infectious diseases often comprise the largest disease burden. Additionally, with crowding, mass migrations, and air travel, infectious diseases previously geographically confined are quickly spread across th...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2013.03.005
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The optimal management of arterial blood pressure in the setting of acute stroke has not been firmly defined. The different types of stroke--ischemic, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage--have different pathophysiologies and require different approaches in terms of blood pressure management in the ac...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2006.08.002
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article describes the use of various scores and probabilities to clinically categorize patients in the adult intensive care unit. Some of the limitations of these severity measures are reviewed including variable definitions, timing of measurements, and whether models can be used for individual patients. Also, th...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
