Mechanisms of hypoxemia and hypercapnia in the perioperative period.

abstract：:The energy expenditure of the critically ill patient is influenced by many factors, thus making it difficult to predict. Measurement of energy expenditure in mechanically ventilated patients receiving elevated oxygen concentrations requires a good understanding of the measurement technique and its limitations, whether...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Damask MC,Schwarz Y,Weissman C

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glycated hemoglobin A1c can be used to assess intensive care unit patients' level of chronic glycemic control. Compared with patients with normal glycated hemoglobin A1c, patients with elevated glycated hemoglobin A1c seem to better tolerate hyperglycemia and large glucose fluctuations during critical illness. The ris...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Balintescu A,Mårtensson J

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Positive-pressure ventilation may improve gas exchange, decrease the work-cost of breathing, and rest respiratory muscles, but it also will alter cardiac output and may modify blood flow distribution. Ventilation may induce these hemodynamic changes by altering systemic venous return to the RV (RV preload), pulmonary ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Pinsky MR

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Advances in the area of pediatric medicine during the past few years have presented ethical dilemmas for the physician to consider. This article discusses the ethical principles upon which clinical reasoning and judgments can be made. ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Todres ID

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, interventional techniques are well-established and offer safe and effective alternatives for management of patients in the intensive care unit or other setting. It is likely that the radiologist will become more involved in the management of ill children and adults. It is hoped that this will reduce the ne...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Towbin RB,Kaye R,Bron K

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The PAC has allowed physicians to obtain information that was unavailable prior to its introduction into clinical medicine. There are numerous pitfalls, however, in obtaining and interpreting this information. Even if these pitfalls are avoided, changing therapy to the patient's benefit based on PAC data is not guaran...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Leibowitz AB

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent development of valid and reliable assessment tools to monitor agitation, sedation, analgesia, and delirium in the ICU represents an essential first step in the provision of patient comfort and the development of preferred treatment strategies. To make the ICU a more humane healing environment, these assessm...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Fraser GL,Riker RR

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Venous thromboembolic disease continues to be a major source of morbidity and mortality, with obese patients who are critically ill presenting some of the most at-risk patients. As the literature evolves, it has become clear that there is a complex relationship between obesity and thrombosis and atherogenesis. It is t...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Craft MK,Reed MJ

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Improving the course and outcome of patients with ARDS presents a considerable challenge. An important component of meeting this challenge is a more comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneous pathophysiology of ARDS and the biologic response of the individual patient. This understanding may be developed through ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Wong HR

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There have been many recent advances in the management of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Research regarding established and novel therapies is ongoing. Future research must not only focus on development of new strategies but determine the long-term benefits or disadvantages of current strategies. In addition, the impac...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Stein DM,Feather CB,Napolitano LM

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Given time, the brain can tolerate extraordinarily severe hyponatremia, but it does not take well to sudden changes; both rapid onset and rapid correction of hyponatremia can be injurious. Emergency treatment of hyponatremia should be reserved for the patient who has not had time to fully adapt to the disturbance. Whe...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Sterns RH

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transplant patients face challenging medical journeys, with many detours to the intensive care unit. Before and after transplantation, they have significant psychological and cognitive comorbidities, which decrease their quality of life and potentially compromise their medical outcomes. Critical care staff are essenti...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Sher Y,Zimbrean P

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiogenic shock remains a leading cause of mortality despite advances in the treatment of myocardial infarction and advanced heart failure. Medical therapy can be inadequate, and patients may need mechanical circulatory support (MCS). The proper application of MCS requires knowledge of the underlying cause of acute ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Teuteberg JJ,Chou JC

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews principles in the rational use of antibiotics in sepsis and septic shock and presents evidence-based recommendations for optimal antibiotic therapy. Every patient with sepsis and septic shock must be evaluated at presentation before the initiation of antibiotic therapy. However, in most situations...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Kumar A

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although our understanding of molecular events in septic shock is growing exponentially, bedside management has changed only incrementally over the last 20 years. In pediatric and adult patients alike, treatment continues to be largely supportive. Morbidity and mortality, though gradually improving, continue to be hig...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Carcillo JA,Cunnion RE

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prolonged intubation and mechanical ventilation following cardiac surgery have been associated with increased hospital and intensive care unit length of stays; higher health care costs; and morbidity resulting from atelectasis, intrapulmonary shunting, and pneumonia. Early extubation was developed as a strategy in the...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： McCarthy C,Fletcher N

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Optimal airway management requires an experienced caregiver, attention to detail, and knowledge of the patient's physiology. A variety of pharmacologic agents have proved useful in obtaining a secure airway and minimizing risk to the patient. Depending on the skills of the caregiver, oral intubation has become the pre...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Rodricks MB,Deutschman CS

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The primary uses of FFB in the intensive care unit are in the diagnosis of opportunistic infection and for airway management. In addition, use of PTC brush or BAL with quantitative cultures may allow identification of the specific cause of bacterial pneumonia. Determination of the location and cause of pulmonary hemor...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Dellinger RP,Bandi V

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Approximately 12,000 Americans suffer traumatic spinal cord injuries each year. This article discusses the management of their neurologic, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastroenterologic, and genitourinary complications in the critical care setting. ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： McVicar JP,Luce JM

更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Providing effective critical care to vascular surgical patients is challenging to the intensivist. These patients often have multiple significant concurrent diseases that need to be adequately managed. A selective policy for identifying patients that need ICU is recommended. Early and smooth restoration to their preop...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Gopalan PD,Burrows RC

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Functional hemodynamic monitoring is the assessment of the dynamic interactions of hemodynamic variables in response to a defined perturbation. Recent interest in functional hemodynamic monitoring for the bedside assessment of cardiovascular insufficiency has heightened with the documentation of its accuracy in predic...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Pinsky MR

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews two important innovations in echocardiography resulting from the recent advances in the capabilities of microprocessors. The first, automatic endocardial border detection, has been implemented on computers contained entirely within echocardiograph machines and is gaining wide clinical use. The sec...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Legget ME,Bashein G

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ethically charged situations are common in pediatric critical care. Most situations can be managed with minimal controversy within the medical team or between the team and patients/families. Familiarity with institutional resources, such as hospital ethics committees, and national guidelines, such as publications from...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Orioles A,Morrison WE

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is common and frequently unrecognized since the signs and symptoms are relatively nonspecific. CO poisoning causes tissue hypoxia. Additionally, various animal studies have demonstrated that CO interferes with myoglobin, P450, and other enzyme function; causes lipid peroxidation through ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Weaver LK

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) consist mainly of Enterococcus faecalis and E faecium, the latter mostly hospital-acquired. In addition, E gallinarum and E casseliflavus are intrinsically vancomycin-resistant and are community-acquired. VRE have become common in many hospitals throughout the world and, once est...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Rubinstein E,Keynan Y

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Telestroke and teleneurologic intensive care units (teleneuro-ICUs) optimize the diagnosis and treatment of neurologic emergencies. Establishment of a telestroke or teleneuro-ICU program relies on investment in experienced stroke and neurocritical care personnel as well as advanced telecommunications technologies. Tel...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Klein KE,Rasmussen PA,Winners SL,Frontera JA

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute respiratory failure can be the result of a variety of clinical conditions, such as congestive heart failure, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, exacerbation of obstructive lung diseases, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This article focuses on developments related to acute lung injury and ARDS and rev...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Bandi VD,Munnur U,Matthay MA

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sepsis is caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Immune responses determine the characteristics of sepsis. The body's protection against infection involves danger signal surveillance and recognition from nonself, effector functions in response to sensing danger signals, homeostatic regulation, and genera...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Conway-Morris A,Wilson J,Shankar-Hari M

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The five components integral to modern, sophisticated airway management in trauma patients include equipment, pharmacologic adjuncts, manual techniques, physical circumstances, and patient profile. Although there is a finite number of pieces and types of equipment, pharmacologic adjuncts, and manual techniques, the la...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Grande CM,Stene JK,Bernhard WN

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Caring for the new quadriplegic is an immense undertaking involving multiple health care professionals who must function as a team. The physician in charge must understand rehabilitation principles and be able to communicate with all members of the team caring for the patient. Rehabilitation principles, if considered ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Keppler JP

更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00