Abstract：
:Infection and/or sepsis biomarkers should help to make the diagnosis and thus initiate therapy earlier, help to differentiate between infectious and sterile inflammation, allow the use of more-specific antimicrobials, shorten the time of antimicrobial use, and ideally identify distinct phenotypes that may benefit from specific adjunctive sepsis therapies. Procalcitonin (PCT) was proposed as a sepsis and infection marker more than 15 years ago. Meanwhile, PCT has been evaluated in various clinical settings. In this review the present use of PCT on the ICU and in critically ill patients is summarized, included it's role for diagnosis of severe sepsis and septic shock and antibiotic stewardship with PCT.
journal_name
Crit Care Clinjournal_title
Critical care clinicsauthors
Reinhart K,Meisner Mdoi
10.1016/j.ccc.2011.01.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-04-01 00:00:00pages
253-63issue
2eissn
0749-0704issn
1557-8232pii
S0749-0704(11)00003-0journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The thyrotoxic patient offers a considerable challenge to the critical care physician because the "obvious" diagnosis often will be a cardiac (or other nonthyroidal) problem, but the "correct" diagnosis will be an endocrinologic one. The importance of considering the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis in any patient with tac...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dyspnea is a subjective experience that can be reported by the patient. Respiratory distress is an observable corollary, and represents the physical or emotional suffering that results from the experience of dyspnea. Recognizing and understanding this subjective phenomenon poses a challenge to intensive care unit (ICU...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2004.03.015
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Invasive fungal infections (IFI) and fungal sepsis in the intensive care unit are increasing and are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. In this setting, IFI are predominantly caused by Candida species. Outcomes continue to be suboptimal; however, there are a few key clinician modifiable factors. PK-...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2010.11.001
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite great improvement in patient and graft survival, the long-term morbidity and mortality in renal transplant recipients are still significant. Cardiovascular disease accounts for much of the mortality in long-term survivors; screening before the transplant procedure and adequate control of hypertension should he...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute arthritis in critically ill patients may be caused by local or systemic infection, by a flare of chronic joint disease such as rheumatoid or crystal-associated arthritis, or by less common entities such as hemarthrosis. Diagnosis requires analysis of synovial fluid, and appropriate treatment is based on its find...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0749-0704(02)00021-0
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CAAKI) is a common iatrogenic condition. The principal risk factors for CAAKI are underlying renal impairment; diabetes in the setting of kidney disease; and intravascular volume depletion, effective or absolute. CAAKI is associated with serious adverse short-term and long-term...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2015.06.008
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinicians are confronted with a complex challenge when a patient is admitted to a critical care unit (CCU) with a significant chest roentgenography (CXR) abnormality. The etiology of a new infiltrate seen on CXR in a patient already in the CCU is more difficult to establish, but is of equal concern. ...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70383-3
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ethical issues that arise in the care of pregnant women are challenging to physicians, especially in critical care situations. By familiarizing themselves with the concepts of medical ethics in obstetrics, physicians will become more capable of approaching complex ethical situations with a clear and structured framewo...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2015.08.007
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nosocomial diarrheas are an important problem in hospitals, and in critical care units in particular. Hospital-acquired diarrhea may be on an infectious or noninfectious basis. Common noninfectious causes of nosocomial diarrhea include medication-induced changes in the fecal flora or changes secondary to enteral hyper...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70398-5
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:India is a vast democracy of nearly one billion people. Before the British rule ended in 1947, the life span of an Indian was a mere 21 years. Within a short span of 50 years, it increased to an impressive 63 years, largely due to public health measures initiated by the government. This created a pool of more than 300...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70312-2
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Laboratory testing is ubiquitous among hospitalized patients and is more common among patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Despite its high cost and prevalence, there are few data to support the current practice of laboratory testing in most ICUs. Although testing offers considerable potential benefits, it is no...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2007.07.005
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serotonin syndrome is characterized by varied degrees of cognitive, autonomic, and neuromuscular dysfunction and can only be produced by drug therapy that increases central nervous system serotonin neurotransmission. Information gained from a retrospective review of 127 cases of serotonin syndrome is presented. It is ...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70368-7
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The proportion of hospitalized patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) is increasing. Whether this represents more admissions with PE or more diagnoses made in hospitalized patients is uncertain. The proportion of hospitalized patients with deep venous thrombosis has decreased precipitously as a result of home treatment...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2011.09.006
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The overlap syndrome defines the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and is a commonly noted but poorly studied disorder. Individuals who have the overlap syndrome have been recognized to have greater risk for pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure,...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2008.02.005
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Total parenteral nutrition was developed in the 1960s and has since been implemented commonly in the intensive care unit (ICU). Studies published in the 1980s and early 1990s indicate that the use of total parenteral nutrition is associated with increased mortality and infectious morbidity. These detrimental effects w...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2010.04.002
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypertension is a pervasive and growing health concern. The occurrence of hypertension due to systemic vasoconstriction in patients before, during, and after surgery is not uncommon and can have serious consequences with regard to outcomes. Careful evaluation prior to surgery to identify the underlying cause of hypert...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anemia is common in critically ill patients, but treatment with red blood cell transfusions can have unwanted effects. Limiting the occurrence and severity of anemia by using erythropoietic agents (iron and/or recombinant erythropoietin), therefore, remains an attractive option during the intensive care unit stay but ...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2012.04.003
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Functional hemodynamic monitoring is the assessment of the dynamic interactions of hemodynamic variables in response to a defined perturbation. Recent interest in functional hemodynamic monitoring for the bedside assessment of cardiovascular insufficiency has heightened with the documentation of its accuracy in predic...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2014.08.005
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There have been many recent advances in the management of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Research regarding established and novel therapies is ongoing. Future research must not only focus on development of new strategies but determine the long-term benefits or disadvantages of current strategies. In addition, the impac...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2016.08.008
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Venous thromboembolic disease is a very common complication in the ICU. This article reviews incidence, prevention, and therapy related to venous thromboembolism, including both deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Special diagnostic and treatment considerations in the ICU setting are highlighted. The increa...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2005.05.004
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias remain relatively commonplace in the ICU. Proper pharmacologic treatment requires that the clinician recognize accompanying disease states that may alter the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antiarrhythmic drugs. In addition, knowledge of cardiovascular toxicity, no...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Summarizing the mission of the ICU, the institution directive board and the unit director must generate a structure, proceedings criteria, management, and analysis of results capable of providing satisfactory care. Furthermore, they must take into account each organizational aspect that is necessary to offer an approp...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2006.04.002
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The metabolic response to injury can induce a state of hypermetabolism that results in the rapid loss of the body nitrogen, so that a critical reduction in lean body mass that affects morbidity and mortality can occur in a short period of time. The process also induces a redistribution of the body nitrogen away from t...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In summary, advances in critical care and mechanical ventilation have resulted in an increased salvage of critically ill patients, a number of whom require long-term ventilation as a means of life support. In addition, the total number of patients receiving long-term ventilation has increased dramatically over the pas...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Management of the cardiac transplant recipient includes careful titration of inotropes and vasopressors. Recipient pulmonary hypertension and ventilatory status must be optimized to prevent allograft right ventricular failure. Vasoplegia, coagulopathy, arrhythmias, and renal dysfunction also require careful management...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2018.08.008
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is the leading cause of death as a result of unintentional poisoning in the United States. CO toxicity is the result of a combination of tissue hypoxia-ischemia secondary to carboxyhemoglobin formation and direct CO-mediated damage at a cellular level. Presenting symptoms are mostly nons...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2012.07.007
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiogenic shock remains the most dreaded complication of acute myocardial infarction. Mortality rates remain high despite modern interventional therapy. Patients with a variety of other cardiovascular entities may also develop cardiogenic shock. Management consists of rapid stabilization of systemic arterial blood p...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent increase in both the elderly population and associated incidence of dementia are of critical importance to patient care in ICUs in the United States. Identification of pre-existing cognitive impairment, such as mild cognitive impairment and dementia, could prevent delirium and associated morbidity and mortality...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2008.05.006
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Significant advances have been made in the management of cardiac arrhythmias. New technology has enhanced the ability to understand and treat a variety of tachycardias. Excitement and caution surround ablative approaches for atrial fibrillation. The role of ICDs and class III antiarrhythmic drugs in the management of ...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70171-8
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The most important adaptive responses from a physiological stance involved the cardiovascular system, consisting in particular of elevation of the cardiac output and its redistribution to favor the coronary and cerebral circulations, at the expense of the splanchnic vascular beds. The evidence regarding these physiolo...
journal_title：Critical care clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccc.2004.01.001
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
