Epidemiology and incidence: the scope of the problem and risk factors for development of venous thromboembolism.

abstract：:Procalcitonin is a biomarker that is generally elevated in bacterial infections. This review describes a conceptual framework for biomarkers using lessons from the history of troponin, applies this framework to procalcitonin with a review of observational studies and randomized trials in and out of the intensive care ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Hamade B,Huang DT

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, interventional techniques are well-established and offer safe and effective alternatives for management of patients in the intensive care unit or other setting. It is likely that the radiologist will become more involved in the management of ill children and adults. It is hoped that this will reduce the ne...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Towbin RB,Kaye R,Bron K

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity has been recognized as an increasing problem not only in North America but globally. With a significant rise in the prevalence of obesity amongst children and adolescents over the past 20 years, the comorbidities associated with obesity are also now emerging at an earlier age. These comorbidities cause specifi...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Bailey KA

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The management of critically ill patients necessitates the use of sedatives and analgesics to provide patient comfort and cooperation. These drugs exert profound effects on all organ systems, not only the central nervous system, and this article describes the immunologic effects of the commonly used critical care seda...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Sanders RD,Hussell T,Maze M

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both limb muscle weakness and respiratory muscle weakness are exceedingly common in critically ill patients. Respiratory muscle weakness prolongs ventilator dependence, predisposing to nosocomial complications and death. Limb muscle weakness persists for months after discharge from intensive care and results in poor l...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Schreiber A,Bertoni M,Goligher EC

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, advances in critical care and mechanical ventilation have resulted in an increased salvage of critically ill patients, a number of whom require long-term ventilation as a means of life support. In addition, the total number of patients receiving long-term ventilation has increased dramatically over the pas...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Criner GJ,Tzouanakis A,Kreimer DT

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are numerous mechanisms of hypoxemia and hypercapnia during the perioperative period. Mechanisms of hypoxemia include oxygen delivery problems, decreased FAC-CC relationship, hypoventilation, decreased cardiac output, increased oxygen consumption, decreased hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, and increased nonal...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Foltz BD,Benumof JL

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Septic shock is a common clinical problem in the intensive care setting. The high mortality rate associated with septic shock, regardless of age, reflects the inadequacy of available therapeutic approaches. The purpose of this article is to review the current pharmacologic approaches to the treatment of septic shock w...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Boyd JL 3rd,Stanford GG,Chernow B

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The metabolic response to injury can induce a state of hypermetabolism that results in the rapid loss of the body nitrogen, so that a critical reduction in lean body mass that affects morbidity and mortality can occur in a short period of time. The process also induces a redistribution of the body nitrogen away from t...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Negro F,Cerra FB

更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The leukotrienes are a group of biologically active products of arachidonic acid metabolism that have been demonstrated to possess the capability to alter vascular reactivity as well as vascular permeability when applied topically to tissues or infused into the vascular bed of various organs. These biologic effects of...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Sprague RS,Stephenson AH,Dahms TE,Lonigro AJ

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alterations in hemostasis are common in patients with cancer admitted to the ICU. Depending on the underlying disease and specific hemostatic abnormality, the patient with cancer may develop bleeding, thrombosis, or both, such as DIC. Bleeding complications usually result from abnormalities in platelets or deficiency ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： DeSancho MT,Rand JH

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dementia is a terminal illness that leads to progressive cognitive and functional decline. As the elderly population grows, the incidence of dementia in hospitalized older adults increases and is associated with poor short-term and long-term outcomes. Delirium is associated with an accelerated cognitive decline in hos...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Ghneim M,Diaz JJ Jr

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Caring for the new quadriplegic is an immense undertaking involving multiple health care professionals who must function as a team. The physician in charge must understand rehabilitation principles and be able to communicate with all members of the team caring for the patient. Rehabilitation principles, if considered ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Keppler JP

更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypertensive crisis is an acute emergency requiring aggressive management. Its incidence has decreased in recent years but still is prevalent in the medical community. From review of past and present treatment regimens, the following recommendations can be considered. (1) In the treatment of malignant hypertension wit...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Rubenstein EB,Escalante C

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Optimal airway management requires an experienced caregiver, attention to detail, and knowledge of the patient's physiology. A variety of pharmacologic agents have proved useful in obtaining a secure airway and minimizing risk to the patient. Depending on the skills of the caregiver, oral intubation has become the pre...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Rodricks MB,Deutschman CS

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of the fiberscope in the management of difficult and failed intubations has been well established and the importance of learning this valuable skill has been emphasized. Nonetheless, the fiberscope is underutilized in anesthesia and critical care practices because of a high rate of intubation failure. The mai...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Ovassapian A,Randel GI

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Functional hemodynamic monitoring is the assessment of the dynamic interactions of hemodynamic variables in response to a defined perturbation. Recent interest in functional hemodynamic monitoring for the bedside assessment of cardiovascular insufficiency has heightened with the documentation of its accuracy in predic...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Pinsky MR

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute renal failure continues to be a common occurrence in critically ill cancer patients. It frequently results from a combination of risk factors, which include the following: hemodynamic alterations associated with renal ischemia; exposure to nephrotoxic drugs; urinary tract obstruction; and specific abnormalities ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Flombaum CD

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The proliferation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the severity of nosocomial critical care infections necessitate the development of viable alternative therapies. An increase in the tolerance of MRSA to the activity of vancomycin and to the associated suboptimal therapeutic measures is of par...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Alder J

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Surviving Sepsis Campaign targets central venous pressure, mean arterial pressure, and central venous oxygen saturation as guides for resuscitation. Fluid resuscitation and the use of vasopressors are paramount to the success of the campaign's end points. Although the achievement of supranormal physiologic paramet...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Shapiro DS,Loiacono LA

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Providing effective critical care to vascular surgical patients is challenging to the intensivist. These patients often have multiple significant concurrent diseases that need to be adequately managed. A selective policy for identifying patients that need ICU is recommended. Early and smooth restoration to their preop...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Gopalan PD,Burrows RC

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sedative drugs commonly are titrated to effect in critically ill patients. Subjective clinical assessment tools are used to determine the patient's level of sedation, and there clearly is a need for improved quantitative methods of monitoring sedation. This article describes the current methods for assessing the level...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Avramov MN,White PF

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of ultrasonography in medical practice has evolved dramatically over the last few decades and will continue to improve as technological advances are incorporated into daily medical practice. Although ultrasound machine size and equipment have evolved, the basic principles and fundamental functions have remaine...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Enriquez JL,Wu TS

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent development of valid and reliable assessment tools to monitor agitation, sedation, analgesia, and delirium in the ICU represents an essential first step in the provision of patient comfort and the development of preferred treatment strategies. To make the ICU a more humane healing environment, these assessm...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Fraser GL,Riker RR

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nutritional support of the burn patient is essential to optimize host immune defenses and to promote prompt wound healing. The interdependent relationship between metabolism, nutrition, and infection is discussed, followed by an extensive description of the various means of determining the appropriate type, form, and ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Deitch EA

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is common and frequently unrecognized since the signs and symptoms are relatively nonspecific. CO poisoning causes tissue hypoxia. Additionally, various animal studies have demonstrated that CO interferes with myoglobin, P450, and other enzyme function; causes lipid peroxidation through ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Weaver LK

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intrahospital transport of critically ill patients must be considered as part of the critical care continuum. The level of care provided must be commensurate with the severity of illness. These transfers are intensive in terms of utilization of personnel and resources. Advance preparation and optimal coordination of t...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Venkataraman ST,Orr RA

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glycated hemoglobin A1c can be used to assess intensive care unit patients' level of chronic glycemic control. Compared with patients with normal glycated hemoglobin A1c, patients with elevated glycated hemoglobin A1c seem to better tolerate hyperglycemia and large glucose fluctuations during critical illness. The ris...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Balintescu A,Mårtensson J

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article focuses on the incidence, risk factors, and mortality of acute renal failure (ARF) in critically ill patients. Accurate epidemiologic assessment of ARF is still a problem; as long as there is neither a uniquely accepted definition of ARF nor definitions for end points to measure, results will remain heter...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Joannidis M,Metnitz PG

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The appropriate starting point for a history of neurocritical care is a matter of debate, and the organization of facts and conjectures about it must be somewhat arbitrary. Intensive care for neurosurgical patients dates back to the work of Walter Dandy at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in the 1930s; many consider his cre...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Bleck TP

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00