Terminal dyspnea and respiratory distress.

abstract：:Nutritional support of the burn patient is essential to optimize host immune defenses and to promote prompt wound healing. The interdependent relationship between metabolism, nutrition, and infection is discussed, followed by an extensive description of the various means of determining the appropriate type, form, and ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Deitch EA

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infectious complications are common occurrences in end-stage liver disease (ESLD). Frequent infections precipitate decompensation of liver disease leading to acute or chronic liver failure, organ dysfunction, de-listing from transplant, and major morbidity and mortality. The spectrum of microorganisms has shifted with...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Nanchal RS,Ahmad S

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:More than one-half million patients are hospitalized annually for traumatic brain injury (TBI). One-quarter demonstrate sleep-disordered breathing, up to 50% experience insomnia, and half have hypersomnia. Sleep disturbances after TBI may result from injury to sleep-regulating brain tissue, nonspecific neurohormonal r...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Vermaelen J,Greiffenstein P,deBoisblanc BP

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent increase in both the elderly population and associated incidence of dementia are of critical importance to patient care in ICUs in the United States. Identification of pre-existing cognitive impairment, such as mild cognitive impairment and dementia, could prevent delirium and associated morbidity and mortality...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Lee HB,DeLoatch CJ,Cho S,Rosenberg P,Mears SC,Sieber FE

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The critically ill patient presents a pharmaceutical dilemma, with the clinical condition often necessitating the administration of potent medications. The underlying disease process often includes or produces multi-system failure, which will subsequently alter the response to drugs, with the potential to further comp...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Campbell S

更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure is a pulmonary capillary leak state that occurs in many different clinical settings. The resultant edema causes refractory hypoxemia due to intrapulmonary shunting and loss of lung compliance. Mechanical ventilation with PEEP and high concentrations of supplemental oxygen are freque...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Zucker AR

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although our understanding of molecular events in septic shock is growing exponentially, bedside management has changed only incrementally over the last 20 years. In pediatric and adult patients alike, treatment continues to be largely supportive. Morbidity and mortality, though gradually improving, continue to be hig...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Carcillo JA,Cunnion RE

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serotonin syndrome is characterized by varied degrees of cognitive, autonomic, and neuromuscular dysfunction and can only be produced by drug therapy that increases central nervous system serotonin neurotransmission. Information gained from a retrospective review of 127 cases of serotonin syndrome is presented. It is ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Mills KC

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluid creep is the term applied to a burn resuscitation, which requires more fluid than predicted by standard formulas. Fluid creep is common today and is linked to several serious edema-related complications. Increased fluid requirements may accompany the appropriate resuscitation of massive injuries but dangerous fl...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Saffle JR

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To be in respiratory distress is to be anxious. To be mechanically ventilated is to be grossly uncomfortable at best. To undergo weaning in the presence of possible severe respiratory compromise, again, inevitably is anxiety provoking. Assessment of the contributing causes of agitation is essential if patients are to ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： McCartney JR,Boland RJ

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article summarizes the biomechanical relationship of the spinal column to load stresses with respect to column failure, and the resulting associated central nervous system injury. In addition, it presents pertinent animal research, which has focused onto the development standardized animal spinal cord injury mode...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Bunegin L,Hung TK,Chang GL

更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, advances in critical care and mechanical ventilation have resulted in an increased salvage of critically ill patients, a number of whom require long-term ventilation as a means of life support. In addition, the total number of patients receiving long-term ventilation has increased dramatically over the pas...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Criner GJ,Tzouanakis A,Kreimer DT

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias remain relatively commonplace in the ICU. Proper pharmacologic treatment requires that the clinician recognize accompanying disease states that may alter the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antiarrhythmic drugs. In addition, knowledge of cardiovascular toxicity, no...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Nolan PE Jr,Raehl CL

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews principles in the rational use of antibiotics in sepsis and septic shock and presents evidence-based recommendations for optimal antibiotic therapy. Every patient with sepsis and septic shock must be evaluated at presentation before the initiation of antibiotic therapy. However, in most situations...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Kumar A

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:India is a vast democracy of nearly one billion people. Before the British rule ended in 1947, the life span of an Indian was a mere 21 years. Within a short span of 50 years, it increased to an impressive 63 years, largely due to public health measures initiated by the government. This created a pool of more than 300...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Udwadia FE,Guntupalli KK,Vidyasagar D

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The intensive care unit (ICU) environment is not propitious for restoring sleep and many studies have reported that critically ill patients have severe sleep disruptions. However, sleep alterations in critically ill patients are specific and differ significantly from those in ambulatory patients. Polysomnographic patt...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Drouot X,Quentin S

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The metabolic response to injury can induce a state of hypermetabolism that results in the rapid loss of the body nitrogen, so that a critical reduction in lean body mass that affects morbidity and mortality can occur in a short period of time. The process also induces a redistribution of the body nitrogen away from t...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Negro F,Cerra FB

更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severe viral pneumonia is an increasing problem among adults. The incidence and number of viruses known to cause pneumonia and respiratory failure have also expanded in recent years. This article provides an overview of severe respiratory disease caused by coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and hant...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Lee N,Qureshi ST

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article provides a background so that the intensivist can appreciate the social and cultural context in which the AIDS epidemic developed. The upheaval that AIDS has caused in the gay community is described along with some of the economic effects AIDS has had on that population and on the practice of medicine, bo...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Greenbaum DM

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The consequences of acute and chronic drug abuse pose significant problems for physicians managing the trauma victim in the resuscitative, perioperative, intensive care, and hospitalization periods. Substance abuse, whether acute or chronic, modifies the physiologic response to injury and to resuscitative and operativ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Milzman DP,Soderstrom CA

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The field of neuroendovascular therapy is rapidly growing. New technology and operators' expertise is developing at a pace that will make this discipline progressively more available and successful. For the intensive care of patients who have acute brain ischemia, new techniques of recanalizing occluded arteries are p...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Gomez CR,Wadlington VR,Terry JB,Tulyapronchote R

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is important that educators in the intensive care unit (ICU) provide physicians in training with the guidance and experience requisite in developing foundational skills in value-based medical practice. This article discusses the underlying philosophy of ethically based medical decision making and describes the comp...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Crausman RS,Armstrong JD 2nd

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Significant advances have been made in the management of cardiac arrhythmias. New technology has enhanced the ability to understand and treat a variety of tachycardias. Excitement and caution surround ablative approaches for atrial fibrillation. The role of ICDs and class III antiarrhythmic drugs in the management of ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Fei L,Trohman RG

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prolonged intubation and mechanical ventilation following cardiac surgery have been associated with increased hospital and intensive care unit length of stays; higher health care costs; and morbidity resulting from atelectasis, intrapulmonary shunting, and pneumonia. Early extubation was developed as a strategy in the...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： McCarthy C,Fletcher N

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent development of valid and reliable assessment tools to monitor agitation, sedation, analgesia, and delirium in the ICU represents an essential first step in the provision of patient comfort and the development of preferred treatment strategies. To make the ICU a more humane healing environment, these assessm...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Fraser GL,Riker RR

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Total parenteral nutrition was developed in the 1960s and has since been implemented commonly in the intensive care unit (ICU). Studies published in the 1980s and early 1990s indicate that the use of total parenteral nutrition is associated with increased mortality and infectious morbidity. These detrimental effects w...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Thibault R,Pichard C

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Medication errors are a significant public health problem in United States hospitals. Patients in the ICU are at particular risk for medication errors because of the characteristics of an ICU and the nature of its patients. This article reviews the principles of medication safety and applies these principles to the IC...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Kane-Gill S,Weber RJ

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Septic shock is a common clinical problem in the intensive care setting. The high mortality rate associated with septic shock, regardless of age, reflects the inadequacy of available therapeutic approaches. The purpose of this article is to review the current pharmacologic approaches to the treatment of septic shock w...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Boyd JL 3rd,Stanford GG,Chernow B

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Assessment of oxygenation is an integral part of monitoring critically ill patients. Current available modalities including pulse oximetry, transcutaneous and transconjunctival oxygen measurements are reviewed. In addition, future modalities to assess oxygen delivery and utilization at the level of the intact end-orga...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Brown M,Vender JS

更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article focuses on the incidence, risk factors, and mortality of acute renal failure (ARF) in critically ill patients. Accurate epidemiologic assessment of ARF is still a problem; as long as there is neither a uniquely accepted definition of ARF nor definitions for end points to measure, results will remain heter...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Joannidis M,Metnitz PG

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00