Infections in Liver Disease.

abstract：:Good airway management depends on a system that emphasizes teamwork to expedite care and minimize errors. By understanding the accreditation and licensing requirements, appropriate personnel and equipment can be allocated along cost effective guidelines. Newer techniques for management of the difficult airway, such as...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Showan AM,Sestito JA

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in supporting adult refractory respiratory failure continues to evolve. Technical advances and the clinical challenges of H1N1 associated severe ARDS have spurred a resurgence of interest in ECMO. Published systematic review and pooled analyses point out the limit...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Park PK,Napolitano LM,Bartlett RH

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection and/or sepsis biomarkers should help to make the diagnosis and thus initiate therapy earlier, help to differentiate between infectious and sterile inflammation, allow the use of more-specific antimicrobials, shorten the time of antimicrobial use, and ideally identify distinct phenotypes that may benefit from...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Reinhart K,Meisner M

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Venous thromboembolic disease continues to be a major source of morbidity and mortality, with obese patients who are critically ill presenting some of the most at-risk patients. As the literature evolves, it has become clear that there is a complex relationship between obesity and thrombosis and atherogenesis. It is t...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Craft MK,Reed MJ

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nutritional support of the burn patient is essential to optimize host immune defenses and to promote prompt wound healing. The interdependent relationship between metabolism, nutrition, and infection is discussed, followed by an extensive description of the various means of determining the appropriate type, form, and ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Deitch EA

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pathophysiology of the burn injury and treatment factors that influence burn depth are explained. Details of burn wound care, including indications for early excision, topical antimicrobials, and the most recent advances in skin substitutes, are described. Burn wound sepsis, the most common and serious complicatio...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Achauer BM,Martinez SE

更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is often necessary to transfuse blood products in shock. Use of these products can be life-saving, but they also carry considerable risk. It is important, therefore, that the physician be aware of the indications as well as possible complications, so that a proper decision can be made weighing the risk versus the b...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Nacht A

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ethical issues that arise in the care of pregnant women are challenging to physicians, especially in critical care situations. By familiarizing themselves with the concepts of medical ethics in obstetrics, physicians will become more capable of approaching complex ethical situations with a clear and structured framewo...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Ali N,Coonrod DV,McCormick TR

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intoxications frequently perturb acid-base and electrolyte status, intravascular volume, and renal function. In selected cases, extracorporeal techniques effectively restore homeostasis and augment intoxicant removal. The use of 4-methylpyrazole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, is a new and effective treatment ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Borkan SC

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The proportion of hospitalized patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) is increasing. Whether this represents more admissions with PE or more diagnoses made in hospitalized patients is uncertain. The proportion of hospitalized patients with deep venous thrombosis has decreased precipitously as a result of home treatment...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Stein PD,Matta F

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinicians are confronted with a complex challenge when a patient is admitted to a critical care unit (CCU) with a significant chest roentgenography (CXR) abnormality. The etiology of a new infiltrate seen on CXR in a patient already in the CCU is more difficult to establish, but is of equal concern. ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Santos E,Talusan A,Brandstetter RD

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is as important to monitor the passage of time in the resuscitation effort as it is to follow the physiologic parameters. The goals in resuscitation are based on restoring cellular metabolism to a level consistent with optimum survival. The level of invasiveness of monitoring is dictated by the extent to which the ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Booth FV

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Measuring cardiac output without knowledge of the oxygen extraction by the tissues is of limited value. Instead of calculating oxygen consumption and oxygen delivery, a diagram relating cardiac index to the oxygen extraction ratio is proposed to interpret hemodynamic data at the bedside. This diagram is particularly h...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Vincent JL

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article describes the history of critical care medicine's cooperation with ethics, relates some lessons learned from this cooperation, identifies implications for other chronic and acute settings, and gives some suggestions for governmental and social input into the solution of the difficult ethical questions fac...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Kanoti GA,Orlowski JP,Vinicky J

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity has been recognized as an increasing problem not only in North America but globally. With a significant rise in the prevalence of obesity amongst children and adolescents over the past 20 years, the comorbidities associated with obesity are also now emerging at an earlier age. These comorbidities cause specifi...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Bailey KA

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Approximately 20% of all mechanically ventilated patients fail their first attempt to wean. Prolonged mechanical ventilation increases morbidity, mortality, and costs. No single weaning parameter predicts patient ability to wean. Weaning studies suggest that daily trials of spontaneous breathing for appropriate patien...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Eskandar N,Apostolakos MJ

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The thyrotoxic patient offers a considerable challenge to the critical care physician because the "obvious" diagnosis often will be a cardiac (or other nonthyroidal) problem, but the "correct" diagnosis will be an endocrinologic one. The importance of considering the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis in any patient with tac...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Reasner CA 2nd,Isley WL

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intrahospital transport of critically ill patients must be considered as part of the critical care continuum. The level of care provided must be commensurate with the severity of illness. These transfers are intensive in terms of utilization of personnel and resources. Advance preparation and optimal coordination of t...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Venkataraman ST,Orr RA

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute arthritis in critically ill patients may be caused by local or systemic infection, by a flare of chronic joint disease such as rheumatoid or crystal-associated arthritis, or by less common entities such as hemarthrosis. Diagnosis requires analysis of synovial fluid, and appropriate treatment is based on its find...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Raj JM,Sudhakar S,Sems K,Carlson RW

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article focuses on the incidence, risk factors, and mortality of acute renal failure (ARF) in critically ill patients. Accurate epidemiologic assessment of ARF is still a problem; as long as there is neither a uniquely accepted definition of ARF nor definitions for end points to measure, results will remain heter...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Joannidis M,Metnitz PG

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article is intended to inform the reader of the current state of the art of pneumatically powered artificial hearts, including animal experiments and information available on 11 recipients of orthotopically placed devices. ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Olsen DB,Taenaka Y

更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication among critically ill patents, and 5% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients require initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT). In recent years, clinical trials have provided evidence-based guidance for some important aspects of RRT management in patients with AKI, ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Heung M,Yessayan L

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The epidemiology, biomechanics, physiopathology, emergency medical systems, diagnostic criteria, and therapy related to acute cervical spinal cord injury are discussed in this article. ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Albin MS

更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is common and frequently unrecognized since the signs and symptoms are relatively nonspecific. CO poisoning causes tissue hypoxia. Additionally, various animal studies have demonstrated that CO interferes with myoglobin, P450, and other enzyme function; causes lipid peroxidation through ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Weaver LK

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Medication errors are a significant public health problem in United States hospitals. Patients in the ICU are at particular risk for medication errors because of the characteristics of an ICU and the nature of its patients. This article reviews the principles of medication safety and applies these principles to the IC...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Kane-Gill S,Weber RJ

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, interventional techniques are well-established and offer safe and effective alternatives for management of patients in the intensive care unit or other setting. It is likely that the radiologist will become more involved in the management of ill children and adults. It is hoped that this will reduce the ne...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Towbin RB,Kaye R,Bron K

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemical agents of warfare are divided into lung agents, blood agents, vesicants, and nerve agents. Intensivists must familiarize themselves with the clinical presentation and management principles in the event of a chemical attack. Key principles in management include aggressive supportive care and early administrati...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Mishra R,Geiling J

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the inception of allogeneic blood transfusion, the search for an alternative to the use of stored packed red blood cells has been underway. Over the last 10 years, modified hemoglobin solutions in the form of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have made significant strides toward becoming clinically availa...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Eastman AL,Minei JP

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Assessment of oxygenation is an integral part of monitoring critically ill patients. Current available modalities including pulse oximetry, transcutaneous and transconjunctival oxygen measurements are reviewed. In addition, future modalities to assess oxygen delivery and utilization at the level of the intact end-orga...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Brown M,Vender JS

更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The overlap syndrome defines the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and is a commonly noted but poorly studied disorder. Individuals who have the overlap syndrome have been recognized to have greater risk for pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure,...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Hiestand D,Phillips B

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00