Principles and practices of medication safety in the ICU.

abstract：:Hypertensive crisis is an acute emergency requiring aggressive management. Its incidence has decreased in recent years but still is prevalent in the medical community. From review of past and present treatment regimens, the following recommendations can be considered. (1) In the treatment of malignant hypertension wit...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Rubenstein EB,Escalante C

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article identifies the key challenges facing critical care practitioners in Africa. As a continent with a large proportion of the poorest countries and a plethora of unique diseases that place large demands for critical resources, the provision of care is largely in the context of severely constrained human and m...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Bhagwanjee S

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article is intended to inform the reader of the current state of the art of pneumatically powered artificial hearts, including animal experiments and information available on 11 recipients of orthotopically placed devices. ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Olsen DB,Taenaka Y

更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A substantial proportion of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) are elderly patients. Based upon population growth, patient preference, and current physician practice, the number of elderly patients who receive critical care services is likely to increase substantially over the next 10 to 20 years. Numero...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Carson SS

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Management of the cardiac transplant recipient includes careful titration of inotropes and vasopressors. Recipient pulmonary hypertension and ventilatory status must be optimized to prevent allograft right ventricular failure. Vasoplegia, coagulopathy, arrhythmias, and renal dysfunction also require careful management...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Rabin J,Kaczorowski DJ

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article provides a background so that the intensivist can appreciate the social and cultural context in which the AIDS epidemic developed. The upheaval that AIDS has caused in the gay community is described along with some of the economic effects AIDS has had on that population and on the practice of medicine, bo...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Greenbaum DM

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As scientists and physicians have gained sophistication in understanding and treating illness, our view of disease has changed in scope. We appreciate more fully the diverse and wide-ranging effects of stress on the ability of the organism to maintain homeostasis. As our study of the failure of homeostasis has advance...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Weise KL

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The patient with advanced cirrhosis presents unique challenges to the critical care physician, in great measure because of the protean functions attributable to the liver and the multiplicity of derangements that may occur. Portal hypertension, once it develops, is the source of potentially devastating complications t...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Chung RT,Jaffe DL,Friedman LS

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of ultrasonography in medical practice has evolved dramatically over the last few decades and will continue to improve as technological advances are incorporated into daily medical practice. Although ultrasound machine size and equipment have evolved, the basic principles and fundamental functions have remaine...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Enriquez JL,Wu TS

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article documents the role of hypothalamic hypothyroidism and decreased T4-->T3 conversion as the cause of low T4 and T3 in non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS). This article also presents the arguments for administration of replacement triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) hormone in patients who have NTIS. ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： De Groot LJ

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although much has been accomplished in HTx and LTx in the past few decades, much remains to be conquered. It is an ever-changing, always fascinating field. Though science and technology know no limits, the primary limitation of HTx and LTx continues to be the availability of donor organs. One can only hope that furthe...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Goudarzi BM,Bonvino S

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traumatic brain injury is a common occurrence in the United States, leading to approximately 190,000 deaths or long-term disabilities. Following the primary insult, secondary disturbances in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolism may have deleterious effects on potentially viable neurons. Recent studies evaluating C...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Yundt KD,Diringer MN

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemical agents of warfare are divided into lung agents, blood agents, vesicants, and nerve agents. Intensivists must familiarize themselves with the clinical presentation and management principles in the event of a chemical attack. Key principles in management include aggressive supportive care and early administrati...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Mishra R,Geiling J

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vasodilators that affect the pulmonary vasculature are appealing adjuncts in many cardiopulmonary conditions that require mechanical ventilation such as ARDS, COPD, PPHN, and cardiothoracic surgery. The adverse systemic effects of parenteral PGE1 and parenteral prostacyclin limit their usefulness in critically ill pat...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Zimmerman JL,Hanania NA

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States,and thus its clinical and economic implications are enormous. In an increasingly cost-conscious economic environment, it is important to understand not only the effectiveness of treatments and technologies but also their cost-effectiveness. The ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Chen J,Rizzo JA

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is important that educators in the intensive care unit (ICU) provide physicians in training with the guidance and experience requisite in developing foundational skills in value-based medical practice. This article discusses the underlying philosophy of ethically based medical decision making and describes the comp...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Crausman RS,Armstrong JD 2nd

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure is a pulmonary capillary leak state that occurs in many different clinical settings. The resultant edema causes refractory hypoxemia due to intrapulmonary shunting and loss of lung compliance. Mechanical ventilation with PEEP and high concentrations of supplemental oxygen are freque...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Zucker AR

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia have recently been recognized as common metabolic complications in acutely ill patients. The diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to these abnormalities are described in this article. ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Desai TK,Carlson RW,Geheb MA

更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, advances in critical care and mechanical ventilation have resulted in an increased salvage of critically ill patients, a number of whom require long-term ventilation as a means of life support. In addition, the total number of patients receiving long-term ventilation has increased dramatically over the pas...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Criner GJ,Tzouanakis A,Kreimer DT

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although our understanding of molecular events in septic shock is growing exponentially, bedside management has changed only incrementally over the last 20 years. In pediatric and adult patients alike, treatment continues to be largely supportive. Morbidity and mortality, though gradually improving, continue to be hig...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Carcillo JA,Cunnion RE

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severe viral pneumonia is an increasing problem among adults. The incidence and number of viruses known to cause pneumonia and respiratory failure have also expanded in recent years. This article provides an overview of severe respiratory disease caused by coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and hant...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Lee N,Qureshi ST

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is as important to monitor the passage of time in the resuscitation effort as it is to follow the physiologic parameters. The goals in resuscitation are based on restoring cellular metabolism to a level consistent with optimum survival. The level of invasiveness of monitoring is dictated by the extent to which the ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Booth FV

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Critical illness predisposes individuals to highly variable metabolic and immune responses, leading to muscle mass loss, impaired healing, immobility, and susceptibility to infections and cognitive impairment. Recommendations for nutrition in critically ill patients are supported by observational studies, small random...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Patel JJ,Codner P

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As health care expenditures increase, payers, including the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, are moving away from reimbursement based on types and volume of services to an emphasis on quality of provided care, an approach called value-based purchasing (VBP). Because it is tied to reimbursement, VBP creates ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： O'Brien JM Jr,Kumar A,Metersky ML

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ethically charged situations are common in pediatric critical care. Most situations can be managed with minimal controversy within the medical team or between the team and patients/families. Familiarity with institutional resources, such as hospital ethics committees, and national guidelines, such as publications from...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Orioles A,Morrison WE

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Early recognition of the sepsis syndrome, prompt administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, surgical intervention when indicated, and aggressive supportive care in intensive care units remain the therapeutic strategies for patients with sepsis. Antibiotic selection is based on many factors including the most probab...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Simon D,Trenholme G

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article focuses on the incidence, risk factors, and mortality of acute renal failure (ARF) in critically ill patients. Accurate epidemiologic assessment of ARF is still a problem; as long as there is neither a uniquely accepted definition of ARF nor definitions for end points to measure, results will remain heter...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Joannidis M,Metnitz PG

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The epidemiology, biomechanics, physiopathology, emergency medical systems, diagnostic criteria, and therapy related to acute cervical spinal cord injury are discussed in this article. ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Albin MS

更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews principles in the rational use of antibiotics in sepsis and septic shock and presents evidence-based recommendations for optimal antibiotic therapy. Every patient with sepsis and septic shock must be evaluated at presentation before the initiation of antibiotic therapy. However, in most situations...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Kumar A

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute respiratory failure can be the result of a variety of clinical conditions, such as congestive heart failure, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, exacerbation of obstructive lung diseases, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This article focuses on developments related to acute lung injury and ARDS and rev...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Bandi VD,Munnur U,Matthay MA

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00