Hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia in acutely ill patients.

abstract：:The endothelial glycocalyx (EG) is the most luminal layer of the blood vessel, growing on and within the vascular wall. Shedding of the EG plays a central role in many critical illnesses. Degradation of the EG is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Certain illnesses and iatrogenic interventions can caus...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Jedlicka J,Becker BF,Chappell D

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article has reviewed the current knowledge regarding the occurrence and possible role of oxygen radical generation and lipid peroxidation in acute CNS injury. Although much work remains, three criteria required to establish the pathophysiologic importance of oxygen radical reactions in post-traumatic events have ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Hall ED

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias remain relatively commonplace in the ICU. Proper pharmacologic treatment requires that the clinician recognize accompanying disease states that may alter the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antiarrhythmic drugs. In addition, knowledge of cardiovascular toxicity, no...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Nolan PE Jr,Raehl CL

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intoxications frequently perturb acid-base and electrolyte status, intravascular volume, and renal function. In selected cases, extracorporeal techniques effectively restore homeostasis and augment intoxicant removal. The use of 4-methylpyrazole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, is a new and effective treatment ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Borkan SC

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As scientists and physicians have gained sophistication in understanding and treating illness, our view of disease has changed in scope. We appreciate more fully the diverse and wide-ranging effects of stress on the ability of the organism to maintain homeostasis. As our study of the failure of homeostasis has advance...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Weise KL

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infections caused by Candida species are now endemic and entrenched in the intensive care unit setting. Candida infections continue to provide a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to clinicians. The increased prevalence of Candida infections represent the high price clinicians and patients must pay for the adv...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Sobel JD

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As the geriatric population in the United States increases and better management of chronic diseases improves survival, more elderly will become critically ill and potentially require treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU). Dan Callahan has written, "... we will live longer lives, be better sustained by medical car...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Mularski RA,Osborne ML

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arterial catheterization is used frequently in the management of critically ill patients, both for continuous blood pressure monitoring and access to the arterial circulation to obtain frequent blood gas measurements. The procedure is usually easily accomplished at the bedside using percutaneous methods such as the Se...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Clark VL,Kruse JA

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiplane (TEE) transducer imaging is the most highly evolved TEE technology at present. New clinical applications of this technology will be realized as echocardiographers gain experience with it. Current limitations of TEE are likely to be surmounted as its use increases, and continuous improvements and miniaturiza...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Khandheria BK,Tajik AJ,Seward JB

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Given time, the brain can tolerate extraordinarily severe hyponatremia, but it does not take well to sudden changes; both rapid onset and rapid correction of hyponatremia can be injurious. Emergency treatment of hyponatremia should be reserved for the patient who has not had time to fully adapt to the disturbance. Whe...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Sterns RH

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The metabolic response to injury can induce a state of hypermetabolism that results in the rapid loss of the body nitrogen, so that a critical reduction in lean body mass that affects morbidity and mortality can occur in a short period of time. The process also induces a redistribution of the body nitrogen away from t...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Negro F,Cerra FB

更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Renal failure continues to cause a major burden of morbidity and mortality in both its acute and chronic forms, regardless of advances in current renal replacement therapies. A bioartificial kidney that includes a conventional dialysis filter and a renal tubule assist device containing approximately 10(8) renal proxim...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Tiranathanagul K,Eiam-Ong S,Humes HD

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death in trauma. Damage control resuscitation relies on permissive hypotension, minimizing crystalloid use, and early implementation of massive transfusion protocols with established blood component ratios. These protocols improve the survival of the severely injured pati...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Cantle PM,Cotton BA

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In general, coma portends a very poor outcome in ICU patients except when a drug overdose is the cause. Interactions with concurrent diseases and the cause of the comatose state are important variables that modify mortality rates. Recent studies have made it possible to predict irreversibility with a high degree of sp...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Snyder JV,Colantonio A

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Meningococcemia is notorious for evasion of the host immune system and its rapid progression to fulminant disease, and serves as a unique model for pediatric sepsis. Illness severity is determined by complex interplays among host, pathogen, and environment. The inflammatory host response, including proinflammatory and...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Boeddha NP,Bycroft T,Nadel S,Hazelzet JA

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article identifies the key challenges facing critical care practitioners in Africa. As a continent with a large proportion of the poorest countries and a plethora of unique diseases that place large demands for critical resources, the provision of care is largely in the context of severely constrained human and m...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Bhagwanjee S

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The overlap syndrome defines the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and is a commonly noted but poorly studied disorder. Individuals who have the overlap syndrome have been recognized to have greater risk for pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure,...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Hiestand D,Phillips B

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In July 2001, the United States Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health care Organizations adopted a new leadership standard that requires department heads in health care organizations to perform at least one Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) every year. This proactive approach to error prevention has prove...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Duwe B,Fuchs BD,Hansen-Flaschen J

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Optimal airway management requires an experienced caregiver, attention to detail, and knowledge of the patient's physiology. A variety of pharmacologic agents have proved useful in obtaining a secure airway and minimizing risk to the patient. Depending on the skills of the caregiver, oral intubation has become the pre...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Rodricks MB,Deutschman CS

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is the leading cause of death as a result of unintentional poisoning in the United States. CO toxicity is the result of a combination of tissue hypoxia-ischemia secondary to carboxyhemoglobin formation and direct CO-mediated damage at a cellular level. Presenting symptoms are mostly nons...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Guzman JA

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The optimal management of arterial blood pressure in the setting of acute stroke has not been firmly defined. The different types of stroke--ischemic, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage--have different pathophysiologies and require different approaches in terms of blood pressure management in the ac...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Urrutia VC,Wityk RJ

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As health care expenditures increase, payers, including the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, are moving away from reimbursement based on types and volume of services to an emphasis on quality of provided care, an approach called value-based purchasing (VBP). Because it is tied to reimbursement, VBP creates ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： O'Brien JM Jr,Kumar A,Metersky ML

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both limb muscle weakness and respiratory muscle weakness are exceedingly common in critically ill patients. Respiratory muscle weakness prolongs ventilator dependence, predisposing to nosocomial complications and death. Limb muscle weakness persists for months after discharge from intensive care and results in poor l...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Schreiber A,Bertoni M,Goligher EC

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sedative drugs commonly are titrated to effect in critically ill patients. Subjective clinical assessment tools are used to determine the patient's level of sedation, and there clearly is a need for improved quantitative methods of monitoring sedation. This article describes the current methods for assessing the level...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Avramov MN,White PF

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pathophysiology of the burn injury and treatment factors that influence burn depth are explained. Details of burn wound care, including indications for early excision, topical antimicrobials, and the most recent advances in skin substitutes, are described. Burn wound sepsis, the most common and serious complicatio...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Achauer BM,Martinez SE

更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The field of neuroendovascular therapy is rapidly growing. New technology and operators' expertise is developing at a pace that will make this discipline progressively more available and successful. For the intensive care of patients who have acute brain ischemia, new techniques of recanalizing occluded arteries are p...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Gomez CR,Wadlington VR,Terry JB,Tulyapronchote R

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alterations in hemostasis are common in patients with cancer admitted to the ICU. Depending on the underlying disease and specific hemostatic abnormality, the patient with cancer may develop bleeding, thrombosis, or both, such as DIC. Bleeding complications usually result from abnormalities in platelets or deficiency ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： DeSancho MT,Rand JH

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glycated hemoglobin A1c can be used to assess intensive care unit patients' level of chronic glycemic control. Compared with patients with normal glycated hemoglobin A1c, patients with elevated glycated hemoglobin A1c seem to better tolerate hyperglycemia and large glucose fluctuations during critical illness. The ris...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Balintescu A,Mårtensson J

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article documents the role of hypothalamic hypothyroidism and decreased T4-->T3 conversion as the cause of low T4 and T3 in non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS). This article also presents the arguments for administration of replacement triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) hormone in patients who have NTIS. ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： De Groot LJ

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The proportion of hospitalized patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) is increasing. Whether this represents more admissions with PE or more diagnoses made in hospitalized patients is uncertain. The proportion of hospitalized patients with deep venous thrombosis has decreased precipitously as a result of home treatment...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Stein PD,Matta F

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00