Endothelial Glycocalyx.

abstract：:Assessment of oxygenation is an integral part of monitoring critically ill patients. Current available modalities including pulse oximetry, transcutaneous and transconjunctival oxygen measurements are reviewed. In addition, future modalities to assess oxygen delivery and utilization at the level of the intact end-orga...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Brown M,Vender JS

更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection and/or sepsis biomarkers should help to make the diagnosis and thus initiate therapy earlier, help to differentiate between infectious and sterile inflammation, allow the use of more-specific antimicrobials, shorten the time of antimicrobial use, and ideally identify distinct phenotypes that may benefit from...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Reinhart K,Meisner M

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article identifies the key challenges facing critical care practitioners in Africa. As a continent with a large proportion of the poorest countries and a plethora of unique diseases that place large demands for critical resources, the provision of care is largely in the context of severely constrained human and m...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Bhagwanjee S

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metabolic acid-base disturbances commonly and predictably complicate the course of many intensive care unit patients and plague the intensivists, surgeons, and anesthesiologists beset with the task of caring for them. In this article, we offer a systematic approach to the patient with the metabolic acid-base disorders...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Riley LJ Jr,Ilson BE,Narins RG

更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypertensive crisis is an acute emergency requiring aggressive management. Its incidence has decreased in recent years but still is prevalent in the medical community. From review of past and present treatment regimens, the following recommendations can be considered. (1) In the treatment of malignant hypertension wit...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Rubenstein EB,Escalante C

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The appropriate starting point for a history of neurocritical care is a matter of debate, and the organization of facts and conjectures about it must be somewhat arbitrary. Intensive care for neurosurgical patients dates back to the work of Walter Dandy at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in the 1930s; many consider his cre...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Bleck TP

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication among critically ill patents, and 5% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients require initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT). In recent years, clinical trials have provided evidence-based guidance for some important aspects of RRT management in patients with AKI, ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Heung M,Yessayan L

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Meningococcemia is notorious for evasion of the host immune system and its rapid progression to fulminant disease, and serves as a unique model for pediatric sepsis. Illness severity is determined by complex interplays among host, pathogen, and environment. The inflammatory host response, including proinflammatory and...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Boeddha NP,Bycroft T,Nadel S,Hazelzet JA

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The field of neuroendovascular therapy is rapidly growing. New technology and operators' expertise is developing at a pace that will make this discipline progressively more available and successful. For the intensive care of patients who have acute brain ischemia, new techniques of recanalizing occluded arteries are p...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Gomez CR,Wadlington VR,Terry JB,Tulyapronchote R

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intrahospital transport of critically ill patients must be considered as part of the critical care continuum. The level of care provided must be commensurate with the severity of illness. These transfers are intensive in terms of utilization of personnel and resources. Advance preparation and optimal coordination of t...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Venkataraman ST,Orr RA

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews two important innovations in echocardiography resulting from the recent advances in the capabilities of microprocessors. The first, automatic endocardial border detection, has been implemented on computers contained entirely within echocardiograph machines and is gaining wide clinical use. The sec...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Legget ME,Bashein G

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The EMR in the ICU has the utility of providing the necessary information to make sound clinical decisions for critically ill patients. For it to be optimized, the EMR must be more than just what is being replicated in the written record or merely a documentation tool; it must add value that supports and enhances clin...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Sado AS

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cerebral injury is a frequent complication of cardiac surgery, and it has been associated with high mortality, morbidity, hospital costs; an increased likelihood of admission to a secondary care facility after hospital discharge; and impaired quality of life. This article examines postulated mechanisms for cerebral in...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Hogue CW,Gottesman RF,Stearns J

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As health care expenditures increase, payers, including the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, are moving away from reimbursement based on types and volume of services to an emphasis on quality of provided care, an approach called value-based purchasing (VBP). Because it is tied to reimbursement, VBP creates ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： O'Brien JM Jr,Kumar A,Metersky ML

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The leukotrienes are a group of biologically active products of arachidonic acid metabolism that have been demonstrated to possess the capability to alter vascular reactivity as well as vascular permeability when applied topically to tissues or infused into the vascular bed of various organs. These biologic effects of...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Sprague RS,Stephenson AH,Dahms TE,Lonigro AJ

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The burned child requires a management that is different from that employed in the burned adult because of physiologic and psychological dissimilarities, although basic principles of management are the same. Particular problems and treatment of the burned child are highlighted. ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Solomon JR

更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Critically ill cancer patients have a higher incidence of acute kidney injury treated with renal replacement therapy than critically ill patients without cancer. Acute kidney injury may occur as a direct or indirect consequence of the cancer itself, its treatment, or associated complications. Several recent studies ha...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Benoit DD,Hoste EA

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bioterrorism is not only a reality of the times in which we live but bioweapons have been used for centuries. Critical care physicians play a major role in the recognition of and response to a bioterrorism attack. Critical care clinicians must be familiar with the diagnosis and management of the most likely bioterrori...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Christian MD

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There have been many recent advances in the management of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Research regarding established and novel therapies is ongoing. Future research must not only focus on development of new strategies but determine the long-term benefits or disadvantages of current strategies. In addition, the impac...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Stein DM,Feather CB,Napolitano LM

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Procalcitonin is a biomarker that is generally elevated in bacterial infections. This review describes a conceptual framework for biomarkers using lessons from the history of troponin, applies this framework to procalcitonin with a review of observational studies and randomized trials in and out of the intensive care ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Hamade B,Huang DT

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute respiratory failure is common in critically ill children, who are at increased risk of respiratory embarrassment because of the developmental variations in the respiratory system. Although multiple etiologies exist, pneumonia and bronchiolitis are most common. Respiratory system monitoring has evolved, with the ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Schneider J,Sweberg T

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The intensive care unit (ICU) environment is not propitious for restoring sleep and many studies have reported that critically ill patients have severe sleep disruptions. However, sleep alterations in critically ill patients are specific and differ significantly from those in ambulatory patients. Polysomnographic patt...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Drouot X,Quentin S

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dementia is a terminal illness that leads to progressive cognitive and functional decline. As the elderly population grows, the incidence of dementia in hospitalized older adults increases and is associated with poor short-term and long-term outcomes. Delirium is associated with an accelerated cognitive decline in hos...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Ghneim M,Diaz JJ Jr

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Electronic medical records can be used to mine clinical data (big data), providing automated analysis during patient care. This article describes the source and potential impact of big data analysis on risk stratification and early detection of deterioration. It compares use of big data analysis with existing methods ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Wong Lama KM,DeVita MA

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) consist mainly of Enterococcus faecalis and E faecium, the latter mostly hospital-acquired. In addition, E gallinarum and E casseliflavus are intrinsically vancomycin-resistant and are community-acquired. VRE have become common in many hospitals throughout the world and, once est...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Rubinstein E,Keynan Y

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The critically ill patient presents a pharmaceutical dilemma, with the clinical condition often necessitating the administration of potent medications. The underlying disease process often includes or produces multi-system failure, which will subsequently alter the response to drugs, with the potential to further comp...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Campbell S

更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is the leading cause of death as a result of unintentional poisoning in the United States. CO toxicity is the result of a combination of tissue hypoxia-ischemia secondary to carboxyhemoglobin formation and direct CO-mediated damage at a cellular level. Presenting symptoms are mostly nons...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Guzman JA

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The most important adaptive responses from a physiological stance involved the cardiovascular system, consisting in particular of elevation of the cardiac output and its redistribution to favor the coronary and cerebral circulations, at the expense of the splanchnic vascular beds. The evidence regarding these physiolo...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Hébert PC,Van der Linden P,Biro G,Hu LQ

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluid creep is the term applied to a burn resuscitation, which requires more fluid than predicted by standard formulas. Fluid creep is common today and is linked to several serious edema-related complications. Increased fluid requirements may accompany the appropriate resuscitation of massive injuries but dangerous fl...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Saffle JR

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alterations in hemostasis are common in patients with cancer admitted to the ICU. Depending on the underlying disease and specific hemostatic abnormality, the patient with cancer may develop bleeding, thrombosis, or both, such as DIC. Bleeding complications usually result from abnormalities in platelets or deficiency ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： DeSancho MT,Rand JH

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00