Abstract:
:This paper addresses the subject of the use of selected toxicology information resources in assessing relationships between chemical structure and specific biological end points. To assist the researcher in how to access the primary literature of genetic toxicology, teratogenesis, and carcinogenesis, three specific specialized information centers are discussed--Environmental Mutagen Information Center, Environmental Teratology Information Center, and Environmental Carcinogenesis Information Center. Also included are descriptions of information resources that contain evaluated (peer-reviewed) biological research results. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Genetic Toxicology Program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer Monographs, and the Toxicology Data Bank are the best sources currently available to obtain peer-reviewed results for compounds tested for genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and other toxicological end points. The value of published information lies in its use. It has become evident that most information cannot be accepted at face value for interpretation and analysis when subjected to stringent quality evaluation criteria. This deficit can be corrected by rigid editorship and the cognizance of authors. Increased interest in alternative methods to in vivo animal testing will be exemplified by use of short-term bioassays and in structure-activity relationship studies. With respect to this latter area, it must be remembered that mechanically (computer generated) derived data cannot substitute, at least at this stage, for data obtained from actual animal testing. The future of structure-activity relationship studies will rest only in their use as a predictive tool.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Wassom JSdoi
10.1289/ehp.8561287subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-09-01 00:00:00pages
287-94eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
61pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The progression of the cell cycle is controlled by the action of both positive and negative growth regulators. The key players in this activity include a family of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, which are themselves regulated by other kinases and phosphatases. Maintenance of balanced cell cycle controls may be ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101s59
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyzed data from 798 lead workers to determine whether polymorphisms in the genes encoding delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) were associated with or modified relations of lead exposure and dose measures with renal outcomes. Lea...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6116
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiologic studies demonstrate that infection, specifically pneumonia, contributes substantially to the increased morbidity and mortality among elderly individuals following exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM). This laboratory has previously demonstrated that a single inhalation exposure of Streptococcus pn...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s5871
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We found an epidemic of juvenile hypothyroidism among a population of self-defined "downwinders" living near the Hanford nuclear facility located in southeast Washington State. The episode followed massive releases of 131I. Self-reported data on 60 cases of juvenile hypothyroidism (<20 years of age) among a group of 8...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107303
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research conducted in recent years has increased public health concern about the toxicity of lead at low dose and has supported a reappraisal of the levels of lead exposure that may be safely tolerated in the workplace. In this article, which appears as part of a mini-monograph on adult lead exposure, we summarize a b...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.9784
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mercury is a pervasive environmental pollutant whose toxic effects have not been studied in sea turtles in spite of their threatened status and evidence of immunosuppression in diseased populations. OBJECTIVES:In the present study we investigate mercury toxicity in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) b...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9918
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Whether there is a causal relation between long-term exposure to traffic and asthma development is so far not clear. This may be explained by inaccurate exposure assessment. OBJECTIVE:We investigated the associations of long-term traffic-related exposures with asthma onset assessed retrospectively and respi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11491
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent increases have been reported in industrial countries for several sites of cancer. The causes of these increases remain unknown. Efforts should proceed to identify those occupational groups with increases in the same sites, as these may indicate relevant exposures. Two analyses were undertaken: trends in cancer ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1289/ehp.9310039
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association between ambient air pollution and adverse health effects, such as emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and mortality from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, has been studied extensively in many countries, including Canada. Recently, studies conducted in China, the Czech Republic, and the Unit...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6251
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human DNA adduct formation (covalent modification of DNA with chemical carcinogens) is a promising biomarker for elucidating the molecular epidemiology of cancer. Classes of compounds for which human DNA adducts have been observed include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrosamines, mycotoxins, aromatic amin...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.96104s5883
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inorganic particulate matter in foods and drugs is discussed from the standpoint of determination by optical microscopy, source, and regulatory significance. Some particulate matter may be generated as extraneous material and traced to specific operational practices during processing and production with excessive leve...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.749183
更新日期:1974-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is widespread concern regarding the safety of silver-mercury amalgam dental restorations, yet little evidence to support their harm or safety. We examined whether mercury dental amalgams are adversely associated with cognitive functioning in a cross-sectional sample of healthy working adults. We studied 550 adul...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.5879
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhaled asbestos fibers may contribute to three-fourths of malignant mesotheliomas diagnosed in men and almost 40% of cases diagnosed in women. Bans on the manufacture and sale of amphibole asbestos fibers are expected to reduce the incidence of mesothelioma, but the long latency period from initial exposure to clinic...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0900868
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In different weather conditions, constituents and concentrations of pollutants, personal exposure, and biologic responses to air pollution may vary. In this study we assessed the effects of four air pollutants on mortality in both cool and warm seasons in Hong Kong, a subtropical city. Daily counts of mortality, due t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109335
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), or liver cancer, is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with prevalence 16-32 times higher in developing countries than in developed countries. Aflatoxin, a contaminant produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus in maize and nuts, is a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901388
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proto-oncogenes are cellular genes that are expressed during normal growth and developmental processes. Altered versions of normal proto-oncogenes have been implicated in the development of human neoplasia. In this report, we show the detection of activated proto-oncogenes in various spontaneous and chemically induced...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.877581
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parental occupational exposures might affect childhood cancer in the offspring through genetic changes in the ovum or sperm or through transplacental carcinogenesis. The 24 published epidemiologic studies of this association have all used case-control designs, with controls generally selected from birth certificates o...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.9088325
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been estimated that 4 of 1,000 live births and 35% of spontaneous abortions are aneuploid and that an important proportion of embryo and newborn aneuploidy is of paternal origin. Exposure to organophosphorous pesticides (OP) has been associated with sperm hyperploidy/polyploidy. Therefore, we aimed to assess th...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.011091237
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil ingestion estimates play an important role in risk assessment of contaminated sites, and estimates of soil ingestion in children are of special interest. Current estimates of soil ingestion are trace-element specific and vary widely among elements. Although expressed as daily estimates, the actual estimates have ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103276
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have demonstrated that the pyrolysis products of amino acids and proteins in model systems are mutagenic. The mutagenic principles in the pyrolyzates of amino acids have been isolated and identified by Sugimura et al. We have isolated and identified amino-alpha-carbolines from pyrolyzed soybean globulin as mutagens...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.866755
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1994 officials from the Ohio Department of Health reported that some residents of Lorain County, Ohio, possibly had been exposed to methyl parathion (MP), a highly toxic restricted-use pesticide. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) assisted in the investigation by providing epidemiologic and l...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s61057
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Methylmercury (MeHg) exposure has been linked to an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an enzyme located in the high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) fraction of blood lipids, may protect against CHD by metabolizing toxic oxidized lipids associated with low-density liproprotein an...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1003296
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human fibroblasts (HFW) were 10-fold more susceptible than Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells to sodium arsenite. Comparison of cellular antioxidant enzyme activities showed that CHO-K1 cells contained 3- and 8-fold more glutathione-peroxidase and catalase activities, respectively, than HFW cells. Since vitamin E, m...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s3101
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Green turtle fibropapillomatosis (GTFP) is a growing threat to the survival of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) populations worldwide. Recent transmission studies point to an infectious etiology. Several field studies suggest that high GTFP prevalence is associated with marine habitats that have been impacted by agricult...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s427
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The major aspects that must be considered in studies of the health effects of environmental pollutants are: the direct damage due to the exposure, the role of pre-existing disease, and effects of the exposure on the response to secondary stresses. In experimental studies at concentrations of air pollutants found in ur...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.803589
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Air pollution exposure during pregnancy might affect placental growth and function, perhaps leading to pregnancy complications. OBJECTIVE:We prospectively evaluated the associations of maternal air pollution exposure with markers of placental growth and function among 7,801 pregnant women in the Netherlands...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1204918
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of DNA base sequence alterations have shown that for every agent the mutagenic process is specific with respect to the types of base changes induced and the location of the changes in the DNA. Analysis of the types of mutations produced by mutagenic agents can provide insight into the mechanism of mutation and...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8562157
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report on findings from a 2-year follow-up study of immigrants originating from exposed areas around the site of the 1986 Chernobyl accident matched with comparison subjects emigrating from other republics in the Confederation of Independent States. In the initial study of 708 immigrants, the samples were matched b...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s61545
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bacterial meningitis causes a high burden of disease in the African meningitis belt, with regular seasonal hyperendemicity and sporadic short, but intense, localized epidemics during the late dry season occurring at a small spatial scale [i.e., below the district level, in individual health centers (HCs)]. I...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP2752
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Counties in the United States have been identified with chemical establishments whose primary manufacturing processes use vinyl chloride. Site-specific cancer mortality comparisons have revealed an excess of multiple myeloma in males associated with two of the manufacturing categories, synthetic rubber and synthetic f...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.751179
更新日期:1975-06-01 00:00:00