Abstract:
:Epidemiologic studies demonstrate that infection, specifically pneumonia, contributes substantially to the increased morbidity and mortality among elderly individuals following exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM). This laboratory has previously demonstrated that a single inhalation exposure of Streptococcus pneumoniae-infected rats to concentrated ambient PM(2.5) (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < or =2.5 microm) from New York City (NYC) air exacerbates the infection process and alters pulmonary and systemic immunity. Although these results provide some basis for explaining the epidemiologic findings, the identity of specific PM constituents that might have been responsible for the worsening pneumonia in exposed hosts remains unclear. Thus, studies were performed to correlate the physicochemical attributes of ambient PM(2.5) with its in vivo immunotoxicity to identify and characterize the role of constitutive transition metals in exacerbating an ongoing streptococcal infection. Uninfected or previously infected rats were exposed in the laboratory to soluble divalent Fe, Mn, or Ni chloride salts. After exposure, uninfected rats were sacrificed and their lungs were lavaged. Lungs from infected hosts were used to evaluate changes in bacterial clearance and effects of exposure on the extent/severity of infection. Results demonstrated that inhalation of Fe altered innate and adaptive immunity in uninfected hosts, and both Fe and Ni reduced pulmonary bacterial clearance in previously infected rats. The effects on clearance produced in infected Fe-exposed rats were similar to those seen in infected rats exposed to ambient NYC PM. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that inhaled ambient PM can worsen the outcome of an ongoing pulmonary infection and that associated Fe may play some role in the immunotoxicity.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Zelikoff JT,Schermerhorn KR,Fang K,Cohen MD,Schlesinger RBdoi
10.1289/ehp.02110s5871subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-10-01 00:00:00pages
871-5eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924pii
sc271_5_1835journal_volume
110 Suppl 5pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Noise exposure causes changes at different levels in human organs, particularly the cardiovascular system, where it is responsible for increasing heart rate, peripheral vascular resistance, and blood pressure. In this study, we evaluated the effect of noise exposure on DNA integrity and ultrastructure of rat cardiomyo...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.5847
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously reported that cell cultures of human proximal tubule (HPT) cells respond to ionic cadmium in a manner consistent with well-defined Cd(2+)-elicited responses reported for in vivo systems. However, one unique finding was that the transepithelial electrical resistance and tight junction sealing strands were...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101510
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some of the statistical properties of a simple two-stage model of carcinogenesis are explored. The implications of additive treatment effects versus independent treatment effects on the shape of the dose-response curve are considered. Response that is low-dose linear results in the cases where the mutation rates are a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8776125
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article provides an overview of the problem of genetic susceptibility to childhood cancer with a particular emphasis on problems with ascertaining inherited cancer risk and the role of tumor-suppressor gene mutations in cancer predispositions. The association between neurofibromatosis type 1 and childhood leukemi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106801
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exposure to metals has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). OBJECTIVES:We sought to examine in a large prospective study of female nurses whether exposure to airborne metals was associated with risk of PD. METHODS:We linked the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s Air Toxi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1307218
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Methylmercury (MeHg) exhibits neurotoxicity through accumulation in the brain. The transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) plays an important role in reducing the cellular accumulation of MeHg. OBJECTIVES:We investigated the protective effect of isothiocyanates, which are kno...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1003123
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1976, near Seveso, Italy, an industrial accident caused the release of large quantities of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) into the atmosphere, resulting in the highest levels of the toxicant ever recorded in humans. The contaminated area was divided into three zones (A, B, R) corresponding to decreasing...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106273
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The N-oxidation of carcinogenic arylamines to form N-hydroxy arylamines has long been regarded as a necessary metabolic step for conversion to proximate carcinogenic derivatives. In contrast, arylamine ring-oxidation has been generally considered to be an important detoxification mechanism. Both enzymatic reactions ar...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9087233
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The impact of prenatal lead exposure on neurodevelopment remains unclear in terms of consistency, the trimester of greatest vulnerability, and the best method for estimating fetal lead exposure. OBJECTIVE:We studied prenatal lead exposure's impact on neurodevelopment using repeated measures of fetal dose as...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9067
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three to 4 million children and adolescents in the United States live within 1 mile of a federally designated Superfund hazardous waste disposal site and are at risk of exposure to chemical toxicants released from these sites into air, groundwater, surface water, and surrounding communities. Because of their patterns ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107423
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although many studies have examined the effects of air pollution on mortality, data limitations have resulted in fewer studies of both particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0800108
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Asians, Pacific Islanders, and Native Americans are a potentially high-risk group for dietary exposure to methylmercury through fish consumption. However, blood mercury levels in this group have not been identified in recent reports of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the y...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8464
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The metabolome is a collection of exogenous chemicals and metabolites from cellular processes that may reflect the body's response to environmental exposures. Studies of air pollution and metabolomics are limited. OBJECTIVES:To explore changes in the human metabolome before, during, and after the 2008 Beiji...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP3705
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiologic studies of the link between particulate matter (PM) concentrations and mortality rates have yielded a range of estimates, leading to disagreement about the magnitude of the relationship and the strength of the causal connection. Previous meta-analyses of this literature have provided pooled effect estima...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108109
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Prenatal exposure to some pesticides can adversely affect male reproductive health in animals. We investigated a possible human association between maternal exposure to 27 organochlorine compounds used as pesticides and cryptorchidism among male children. DESIGN:Within a prospective birth cohort, we perfo...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8741
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethene is, on a molar basis, a major urban air pollutant. It has been shown beyond doubt that a fraction of inhaled ethene is metabolized in mammals (including humans) via ethylene oxide, an electrophilic reagent that has been shown to be mutagenic and carcinogenic. To the extent that the linearity hypothesis for dose...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.102-1566931
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A potential connection exists between exposure to organochlorine chemicals and the increasing prevalence of endometriosis. Evidence shows that dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) can increase the incidence and severity of the disease in monkeys and can promote the growth or survival of endometrial tissue impl...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.0211015
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An intercomparison exercise was conducted for the quantification of arsenic species in spiked human urine. The primary objective of the exercise was to determine the variance among laboratories in the analysis of arsenic species such as inorganic As (As+3 and As+5), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic ac...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105650
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differences in genetic susceptibility to hazardous chemicals affect individuals of both human and nonhuman populations. In both cases, differences in response to chemicals or general ill health result as a function of these differences in genetic susceptibility. However, ecological systems are a compilation of hundred...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s4843
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper summarizes two roundtable discussions held at the conclusion of the International Conference on Biopersistence of Respirable Synthetic Fibres and Minerals. The first round table addressed the role of biopersistence in the pathogenicity of fiber-induced disease. The panel included T. W. Hesterberg (Chairman)...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s5277
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple factors, known and unknown, contribute to human breast cancer. Hereditary, hormonal, and reproductive factors are associated with risk of breast cancer. Environmental agents, including chemical carcinogens, are modifiable risk factors to which over 70% of breast cancers have been attributed. Polymorphisms of ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s1119
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are a number of technical and statistical problems in monitoring the temporal and spatial variation of local area death rates in the United States for evidence of systematically elevated risks. An analytic strategy is proposed to reduce one of the major statistical concerns, i.e., that of identifying areas with ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8560369
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the metabolic fate of a low dose (25 micro g/kg) of bisphenol A [2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-phenyl)propane] (BPA) injected subcutaneously in CD1 pregnant mice using a tritium-labeled molecule. Analytic methods were developed to allow a radio-chromatographic profiling of BPA residues in excreta and tissues, as w...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.5603
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A co-culture clonal survival assay was developed to measure the cytotoxicity of test chemical treatments to BALB/c-3T3 cells because the standard clonal survival assay using 200 wild type (WT) cells frequently overestimates chemical cytotoxicity when compared with identical treatment doses in high-density cultures. Th...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101s2311
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In rats, a single administration of acrylonitrile (vinyl cyanide) produces a rapidly occurring bilateral adrenal apoplexy. Structure-activity studies have shown that a close derivative, propionitrile (ethyl cyanide), causes duodenal ulcer without markedly affecting the adrenal glands. Prolonging the two-carbon chain o...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7511135
更新日期:1975-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent increases have been reported in industrial countries for several sites of cancer. The causes of these increases remain unknown. Efforts should proceed to identify those occupational groups with increases in the same sites, as these may indicate relevant exposures. Two analyses were undertaken: trends in cancer ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1289/ehp.9310039
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Health is defined as homeostasis of the cellular ecology, and a state where there has not been an inordinate loss, reversible or irreversible, of the structural and/or functional reserves of the body. An adverse health effect is defined as the causation, promotion, facilitation and/or exacerbation of a structural and/...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8352177
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although from a societal point of view a modal shift from car to bicycle may have beneficial health effects due to decreased air pollution emissions, decreased greenhouse gas emissions, and increased levels of physical activity, shifts in individual adverse health effects such as higher exposure to air pollu...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901747
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is widespread concern regarding the safety of silver-mercury amalgam dental restorations, yet little evidence to support their harm or safety. We examined whether mercury dental amalgams are adversely associated with cognitive functioning in a cross-sectional sample of healthy working adults. We studied 550 adul...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.5879
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although accumulating evidence suggests that exposure to organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may contribute to the development of prostate cancer, few investigations have used biological samples to classify exposure to specific organochlorines. To our knowledge, this is the first p...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901214
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00