Abstract：
:A substantial fraction of the human proteome encodes disordered proteins. Protein disorder is associated with a variety of cellular functions and misfunction, and is therefore of clear import to biological systems. However, disorder lends itself to conformational flexibility and heterogeneity, rendering proteins which feature prominent disorder difficult to study using conventional structural biology methods. Here we discuss a few examples of how single-molecule methods are providing new insight into the biophysics and complexity of these proteins by avoiding ensemble averaging, thereby providing direct information about the complex distributions and dynamics of this important class of proteins. Examples of note include characterization of isolated IDPs in solution as collapsed and dynamic species, detailed insight into complex IDP folding landscapes, and new information about how tunable regulation of structure-mediated binding cooperativity and consequent function can be achieved through protein disorder. With these exciting advances in view, we conclude with a discussion of a few complementary and emerging single-molecule efforts of particular promise, including complementary and enhanced methodologies for studying disorder in proteins, and experiments to investigate the potential role for IDP-induced phase separation as a critical functional element in biological systems.
journal_name
Semin Cell Dev Bioljournal_title
Seminars in cell & developmental biologyauthors
Lee T,Moran-Gutierrez CR,Deniz AAdoi
10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.09.027subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-01-01 00:00:00pages
26-34eissn
1084-9521issn
1096-3634pii
S1084-9521(14)00294-8journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as carriers of molecular and oncogenic signatures present in subsets of tumour cells and tumour-associated stroma, and as mediators of intercellular communication. These processes likely involve cancer stem cells (CSCs). EVs represent a unique pathway of cellular export and cell-to-cel...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.02.011
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sex-determination is commonly categorized as either "genetic" or "environmental"-a classification that obscures the origin of this dichotomy and the evolution of sex-determining factors. The current focus on static outcomes of sex-determination provides little insight into the dynamic developmental processes by which ...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.11.013
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In addition to their established roles in host defence, Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) have emerging roles in control of homeostasis, injury and wound repair. The dsRNA-sensing receptor, TLR3, has been particularly implicated in such processes in several different tissues including the skin, intestine and liver, as well a...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.08.014
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:By the development of information theory in 1948 by Claude Shannon to address the problems in the field of data storage and data communication over (noisy) communication channel, it has been successfully applied in many other research areas such as bioinformatics and systems biology. In this manuscript, we attempt to ...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.12.006
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Both types of Drosophila egg chamber germ cells, i.e. oocyte and nurse cells, have to control their nucleus positions in order to produce a viable gamete. Interestingly, while actin microfilaments are crucial to position the nuclei in nurse cells, these are the microtubules that are important for oocyte nucleus to mig...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.013
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the course of their classic experiments, Hilde Mangold and Hans Spemann discovered that the dorsal blastopore lip of an amphibian gastrula was able to induce formation of a complete embryonic axis when transplanted into the ventral side of a host gastrula embryo. Since then, the inducing activity of the dorsal ...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.05.007
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Analysis of membrane transport in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae continues to provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms that direct endocytic and lysosomal sorting pathways in eukaryotic cells. Recent findings include the identification of two novel endomembrane transport pathways, a Golgi-to-vacuol...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/scdb.1998.0255
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Centrioles and basal bodies are MT based structures that present a highly conserved ninefold symmetry. Centrioles can be found at the core of the centrosome where they participate in PCM recruitment and organization, contributing to cytoplasmic MT nucleation. Basal bodies are normally located closely to the plasma mem...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.07.001
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Kinesins are enzymes that use the energy of ATP to perform mechanical work. There are approximately 14 families of kinesins within the kinesin superfamily. Family classification is derived primarily from alignments of the sequences of the core motor domain. For this reason, the enzymatic behavior and motility of each ...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2010.01.018
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatic oval cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation has been observed under certain physiological conditions, mainly when the proliferation of existing hepatocytes has been inhibited followed by severe hepatic injury. Hepatic oval cells display a distinct phenotype and have been shown to be a bipotential ...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1084952102001271
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent appraisals of mesenteric anatomy clarify its structure and show a continuous and helical-shaped organ. This new model signifies a departure from the conventional model which described multiple, separate "mesenteries". Renaissance anatomists depicted the mesentery as a continuous structure. Events that led to re...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.10.003
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cholesterol is highly enriched in the brain compared to other tissues. Essentially all cholesterol in the brain is synthesized endogenously since plasma lipoproteins are unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. Cholesterol is transported within the central nervous system in the form of apolipoprotein E-containing lipo...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2005.01.005
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The extracellular matrix (ECM) of blood vessels, which is composed of both the vascular basement membrane (BM) and the interstitial ECM is identified as a crucial component of the vasculature. We here focus on the unique molecular composition and scaffolding of the capillary ECM, which provides structural support to b...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.08.007
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regeneration, an ability to replace lost body parts, is widespread across animal species. While mammals poorly regenerate most tissues, teleost fish and urodele amphibians possess remarkable regenerative capacity. Earlier work demonstrated that genes driving regeneration are evolutionarily conserved, indicating that a...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.04.003
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Notch pathway is one of the major signaling pathways required for proper development in metazoans. Notch activity is regulated at numerous levels, and increasing evidence reveals the importance of "protein glycosylation" (modification of Notch receptors with sugars) for its regulation. In this review we summarize ...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2010.03.003
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mature skeletal muscle forms from the fusion of skeletal muscle precursor cells, myoblasts. Myoblasts fuse to other myoblasts to generate multinucleate myotubes during myogenesis, and myoblasts also fuse to other myotubes during muscle growth and repair. Proteins within myoblasts and myotubes regulate complex processe...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.026
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as an essential regulatory component in plants. Many of the known miRNAs are evolutionarily conserved across diverse plant species and function in the regulatory control of fundamentally important biological processes such as developmental timing, patterning, and response to environment...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2010.03.012
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carotenoids are an important source of metabolites with regulatory function, which include the plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactones (SLs), and several recently identified growth regulators and signaling molecules. These carotenoid-derivatives originate from oxidative breakdown of double bonds in the c...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.07.007
更新日期：2020-07-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy, an evolutional conserved lysosomal degradation process, has been implicated to play an important role in cellular defense against a variety of microbial infection. Interestingly, numerous studies found that some pathogens, especially positive-single-strand RNA viruses, actually hijacked autophagy machinery ...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.08.001
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ancestors of modern Metazoa were constructed in large part by the foldings and distortions of two-dimensional sheets of epithelial cells. This changed approximately 600 million years ago with the evolution of mesenchymal cells. These cells arise as the result of epithelial cell delamination through a reprogramming...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.02.001
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:APOBEC1 is a cytidine deaminase that edits messenger RNAs and was the first enzyme in the APOBEC family to be functionally characterized. Under appropriate conditions APOBEC1 also deaminates deoxycytidine in single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). The other ten members of the APOBEC family have not been fully characterized howev...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.10.004
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Caspases are cysteine proteases that play important and well-defined roles in apoptosis and inflammation. Increasing evidence point to alternative functions of caspases where restricted and localized caspase activation within neurons allows for a variety of non-apoptotic and non-inflammatory processes required for bra...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.037
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Large-scale identification of elements associated with gene expression revealed that many of them are located extremely far from gene transcriptional start sites. We review here the growing evidence that show that distal cis-acting elements provide key instructions to genes, as genetic variation affecting them is grow...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.06.017
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The members of the large family of claudin proteins regulate ion and water flux across the tight junction. Many claudins, e.g. claudins 2 and 15, accomplish this by forming size- and charge-selective paracellular channels. Claudins also appear to be essential for genesis of tight junction strands and recruitment of ot...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.04.008
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:gamma-Secretase is a membrane-embedded proteolytic complex composed of presenilin and three other subunits. The gamma-secretase complex generates the amyloid beta-peptide of Alzheimer's disease but also plays important roles in normal physiology, especially in signaling from the Notch receptor. How this hydrolytic enz...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.12.011
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Formation and maturation of a functional vascular network is a process called angiogenesis. This is a crucial biological event in all vertebrates. Precise morphogenetic and cellular mechanisms act in endothelial cells (ECs) to drive angiogenesis during growth and throughout adulthood. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.002
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Both cell cycle progression and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) that drives it are precisely regulated. Enzymatically, many ubiquitylation and degradation reactions have been characterized in in vitro systems, providing insights into the fundamental mechanisms of the UPS. Biologically, a range of degradation eve...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.01.015
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammalian spermatogenesis is a tightly coordinated process that gives rise to mature spermatozoa capable of fertilising an ovum during sexual reproduction. A population of stem and progenitor cells known as undifferentiated spermatogonia enables continual spermatogenesis throughout life. A complex transcriptional netw...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.006
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell signaling is essential for cells to adequately respond to their environment. One of the most evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways is that of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Transmembrane receptors with intracellular tyrosine kinase activity are activated by the binding of their corresponding l...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.05.011
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence emerges that redox gradients regulate morphogenesis, inflammation, regeneration, and healing of tissues. At the example of redox signaling during the zebrafish wound response, I briefly discuss current ideas on how such patterns might be sensed and spatially regulated to guide physiological processes over dis...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.038
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
