Abstract:
PURPOSE:The intestinal flagellate Giardia lamblia includes many genetically distinct assemblages, of which assemblage A and B, predominantly infect humans. Nitroimidazoles derivatives (metronidazole and tinidazole) and nitazoxanide are some of the therapeutic agents for treatment of giardiasis. Nevertheless, some individuals with giardiasis are non-responsive to standard therapy. The present study highlights cases of refractory giardiasis and attempts to elucidate if genetic heterogeneity in the parasite is associated with treatment failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Three stool samples were obtained on three consecutive days from 4000 patients with diarrhoea and were microscopically examined for the detection of trophozoites, and/or cysts, using both normal saline and Lugol's iodine. A hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) as the target gene was performed to determine the assemblages. Sequencing of the PCR products of the patients showing failure to treatment of giardiasis was also performed. RESULTS:Two per cent (82/4000) of the total patients were microscopically positive for Giardia lamblia in the stool samples. All these patients were treated with metronidazole/tinidazole as per the standard regimens. However, eight patients showed treatment failure to giardiasis as stool examinations were repeatedly positive even after treatment with multiple courses of anti-giardial therapy. Genetic characterisation of all eight Giardia isolates showed that they belonged to Assemblage B and had homogeneous sequences. These patients were either treated with extended regimens or with combination therapy of anti-giardials. CONCLUSION:In our experience, combination of two or more drugs for a longer duration is the treatment modality to treat refractory giardiasis.
journal_name
Indian J Med Microbioljournal_title
Indian journal of medical microbiologyauthors
Yadav P,Tak V,Mirdha BR,Makharia GKdoi
10.4103/0255-0857.142236subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-10-01 00:00:00pages
378-82issue
4eissn
0255-0857issn
1998-3646pii
IndianJMedMicrobiol_2014_32_4_378_142236journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Malignant otitis externa (MOE) is a severe infection of external auditory canal and skull base. A 17-year-old diabetic girl was admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis. Cellulitis of her right ear occurred on the second day of hospitalization and a black necrotic scar in the same region appeared on the next day. The lesio...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.29390
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Influenza viruses have emerged as virulent pathogens causing considerable burden across the world. A thorough understanding of the pattern in occurrence of influenza globally is the need of hour. The present study deals with analysis of the dynamics of Influenza virus, especially the influence of seasonal ch...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_19_226
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Raoultella is a Gram-negative bacteria, which commonly occur in the natural environment such as water, soil and on plants. In recent years, Raoultella spp. gained more interest. There is also an increasing number of publications describing mainly clinical cases involving these bacteria. Identification of Rao...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_17_99
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rhinosporidiosis and its causative pathogen Rhinosporidium seeberi have been known for over a hundred years. Yet unresolved enigmas in rhinosporidiosis include the mode of infection, mechanisms of spread, mechanisms of immunity, some aspects of histopathology e.g. the significance of transepidermal elimination of spor...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Opportunistic viral infections cause increased morbidity and mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals, especially those who are not on antiretroviral treatment. Early diagnosis of these opportunistic viruses will be able to reduce the risk of disease progression with appropriate i...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.53202
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Malassezia yeasts are globally distributed agents of pityriasis versicolor and are implicated in the pathogenesis of seborrhoeic and atopic dermatitis. The aim of this study is to identify the Malassezia species obtained from pityriasis versicolor patients, using morphological, biochemical, physiological as wel...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.55445
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To describe the changes in antibiotic susceptibility patterns of common intensive care unit pathogens with time from the medical intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital. METHODS:A prospective observational study was conducted in the medical intensive care unit (MICU) of a 2100 bed tertiary care hospita...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.34764
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resistance to a variety of antimicrobial agents is emerging in bacterial pathogens throughout the world. Since the accuracy of the antimicrobial susceptibility data is associated with the performance standard of the test, strict adherence to the standard procedures is essential. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion suscepti...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:Introduction:The TORCH infections during pregnancy are associated with adverse congenital abnormalities, poor foetal outcome and subsequent reproductive failures. The absence of baseline data on status of TORCH infections and associated foetal outcomes prompted us to conduct the current study in Central India. Materia...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_20_136
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present report, we have analysed C.trachomatis infection and HIV positivity among patients (n-143) who attended the STD clinic at the Institute of STDs, Government General Hospital, Chennai. HIV positivity rate was significantly high among those with chlamydial infection than in those without chlamydial infecti...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.13871
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) is the hallmark in diagnosing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In India many commercial assays are available for detection of HBsAg but very few can measure it quantitatively. The present study presents the comparative evaluation of two methods and their correlation with se...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.148400
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Probiotics are friendly live microorganisms (in most cases, bacteria) that are similar to beneficial micro-organisms found in the human gut, whenever consumed, have potential to confer benefit to the health of consumers by maintaining, or improving their intestinal microbial flora and are available to consumers mainly...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.150868
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Culture filtrate proteins (CFPs) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are potential vaccine candidates. OBJECTIVE:The aim was to study the influence of iron levels on CFPs and assess the immuno-protective potential of defined antigenic fractions from high (8 μg Fe/mL) and low iron (0.02 μg Fe / mL) cultures of M. ...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.99495
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Increasing reports on New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) producing Escherichia coli constitute a serious threat to global health since it is found to be highly resistant to most of the currently available antibiotics including carbapenems. This study has been performed to find out the incidence blaNDM-1 in...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.115628
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycobacterial diseases continue to cause high morbidity and mortality. Isolation, identification and sensitivity testing form the backbone of laboratory investigations. M. tuberculosis isolation needs 6-8 weeks on conventional egg containing media. For rapid isolation various methods have been evaluated. We evaluated ...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.16050
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report here the emergence of a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) due to Leishmania tropica (L. tropica) in the Ajmer city of Rajasthan, India, a previously non-endemic area. Between January-February 2006, 13 new indigenously acquired cases of CL were diagnosed among the patients attending the Skin and STD d...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.34774
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Enteric parasitic infestation is a major public health problem in developing countries. Parasites such as Cryptosporidium spp., Cyclospora spp., Cystoisospora spp. and Microsporidia may cause severe diarrhoea among immunocompromised patients. There is scanty data on their frequency among immunocompetent patient...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.174114
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five patients with HIV associated cutaneous cryptococcal infection are reported. ...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Recent years have seen a rise of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) from common contaminants to agents of nosocomial blood stream infections (BSI's). Molecular typing and establishing a correlation with antibiotic resistance is essential particularly in countries like India where genotyping studies fo...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.195374
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The term superantigen was introduced in microbiology and immunology only a decade ago. The unique feature of superantigen is that it bypasses the antigen processing mechanism and specifically binds to TCR v segment and forms a trimolecular complex along with major histocompatibility complex class II. Since its discove...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dengue has become endemic in India with outbreaks caused by all the four serotypes occurring almost every year. Dengue cases have been increasing alarmingly in Assam also. This study aimed to identify the dengue serotypes circulating in Assam. Clinically suspected dengue fever cases were included in the study. Viral R...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_17_121
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) pose an emerging problem in hospitals worldwide. The present study was undertaken to determine the occurrence, species prevalence, antibacterial resistance, and phenotypic and genetic characteristics of VRE isolated in Riyadh hospitals, KSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Two hund...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.93032
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The WHO Multimodal Hand Hygiene Improvement Strategy (MHHIS) has been proposed to improve the Hand Hygiene (HH) compliance of the WHO recommendations on HH.Therefore, the current study was planned in our neonatal unit with the objective of evaluating the effectiveness of a Hand Hygiene Promotional Program (H...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_20_47
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in paediatric leukaemias. Antifungal combinations to treat these patients are being explored. Fourteen children with leukaemias and IFIs were treated with a combination of antifungal agents at our centre. The first antifungal was ampho...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_18_157
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gut microbiota are microorganisms that inhabit the gut; they coexist peacefully with the host, thereby contributing to the health and well-being of individuals. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes largely dominate the gut microbial flora. The intestinal flora promotes intestinal mucosal integrity, provides essential nutrient...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_19_373
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive candidiasis is a life-threatening complication of critically ill immunocompromised patients with high attributable mortality. Due to non-specific clinical presentation, early detection of candidemia and accurate identification of Candida species are essential pre-requisites for improved therapeutic outcome. S...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.99482
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:The Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) is now introducing daily fixed-dose regimen instead of Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course (DOTS) regimen for treatment of drug-sensitive tuberculosis (TB) in India. It would be beneficial to understand the drawbacks, barriers and advantages of t...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_18_65
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculosis accounts for up to 4% of acute pericarditis and 7% cases of cardiac tamponade. Prompt treatment can be life saving but requires accurate diagnosis. We report a case of 30-year-old male who presented with fever, chills, and dry nonproductive cough since one month. The case was diagnosed by radiological fin...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nature of reporting of a microbiology laboratory depends upon the quality of the culture media used. Quality of media directly affects the observations and inferences drawn from the cultural characteristics of microorganisms. Checking of different parameters of media such as growth supporting characteristics, phys...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.16586
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of pancreatic abscess due to Salmonella typhi in a 40-year-old male is presented. The patient was managed by percutaneous needle aspiration and antibiotic therapy. ...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00