Abstract:
:The mutagenic activities of several phthalate esters have been evaluated in an 8-azaguanine resistance assay in Salmonella typhimurium. Three phthalate esters were found to be mutagenic: dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate. A number of other phthalate esters were not found to be mutagenic, including di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, diallyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate and diisodecyl phthalate. A metabolite of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 2-ethylhexanol, was also noted to be mutagenic. The mutagenic activity of this agent and others in this series was dose dependent but weak. No dose-response curve exceeded more than 3.5 times background at maximally testable concentrations. A liquid suspension histidine reversion assay of dimethyl phthalate showed levels of mutagenic activity similar to that observed in the azaguanine resistance assay. The data suggest a need for further investigation of the mutagenic potential of these agents in other assay systems.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Seed JLdoi
10.1289/ehp.8245111subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1982-11-01 00:00:00pages
111-4eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Most air pollution in West Germany is caused by combustion products. Particulate organic matter released by incomplete combustion is suspected to contribute to the "urban factor" of lung cancer frequency in urban-industrial centers. The carcinogenic potential of single components, groups of compounds and total source ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8347293
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::mental retardation: timing and thresholds; (italic)b(/italic)) endocrine dysfunction and developmental disabilities: dose and target implications; (italic)c(/italic)) attention-deficit disorder-ADHD and learning disabilities; and (italic)d(/italic)) new horizons: extending the boundaries. Support for the Rochester con...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s3373
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is growing public pressure to minimize the use of vertebrates in ecotoxicity testing; therefore, effective alternatives to toxicity tests causing suffering are being sought. This report discusses alternatives and differs in some respects from the reports of the other three groups because the primary concern is w...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type:
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106441
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Untreated wastewater from the Mexico City basin has been used for decades to irrigate cropland in the Mezquital Valley, State of Hidalgo, Mexico. Excess irrigation water recharges the near-surface aquifer that is used as a domestic water supply source. We assessed the groundwater quality of three key groundwater sourc...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107553
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isolated rat and human hepatocytes in primary culture were shown to metabolize AAF to reactive intermediates which damaged hepatocyte DNA. A significant increase in unscheduled DNA synthesis was detectable by autoradiography in rat and human hepatocytes exposed to concentrations of AAF as low as 1 microM. When rat hep...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8349165
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we determined the biologic activity of dichloromethane-extracted particulate matter < 10 micro m in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) obtained from filters at three sites in the Paso del Norte airshed, which includes El Paso, Texas, USA; Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico, and Sunland Park, New Mexico, USA. The extrac...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6058
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Increasing evidence suggests a proatherogenic role for lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂ (Lp-PLA2). A meta-analysis of published cohorts has shown that Lp-PLA2 is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease events and stroke. OBJECTIVE:In this study, we investigated whether the association betw...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1002681
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A review of the literature is provided for the topic of health-related research and power frequency electromagnetic fields. Minimal evidence for concern is present on the basis of animal and plant research. General observation would accord with the implication that there is no single and manifest health effect as the ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8775159
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Beginning approximately 4 years after the Chernobyl nuclear accident a steady increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer was observed in children and adolescents of the Bryansk Oblast, which received the highest level of radionuclide contaminants in Russia. We examined the spatial relationship between the residence l...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s61491
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure of the scallop Placopecten magellanicus to 20 ppb Cd2+ in seawater for 7 weeks results in a 7-fold increase in the kidney cytosol content of Cd and 5-fold increase in Zn. Sephadex G-75 column chromatography of the kidney cytosol showed that most of the Cd and Zn were bound to a protein complex with an estimat...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8665199
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article presents discussion of the assessment of the exposure of children to fungi, substances derived from fungi, and the environmental conditions that may lead to exposure. The principles driving investigations of fungal contamination and subsequent exposure are presented as well as guidelines for conducting th...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107s3473
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Modern toxicology is shifting from an observational to a mechanistic science. As part of this shift, high-throughput toxicity assays are being developed using alternative, nonmammalian species to prioritize chemicals and develop prediction models of human toxicity. METHODS:The nematode Caenorhabditis elegan...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1409645
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although exposure to many industrially important monomers is controlled by law, few of these reactive chemicals have been determined in human tissues. Analogy with other fat-soluble organic substances strongly implies that these monomers may be retained in tissue, subject to the usual physiological constraints of meta...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.7617183
更新日期:1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chlorinated hydrocarbons chloroform (CHCl3), 1,1-dichlorethane (1,1-DCE) and 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) have been detected in finished drinking water. When administered to B6C3F1 mice by gavage in corn oil, these compounds have been shown to induce hepatic tumors. The present study examines the effect on liver t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.866989
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article we summarize the results of a series of studies that measured the relative bioavailability (RBA) of lead in a variety of soil and soil-like test materials. Reference material (Pb acetate) or Pb-contaminated soils were administered orally to juvenile swine twice a day for 15 days. Blood samples were col...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8852
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many instances pharmacokinetic modeling offers the best method of interpreting the significance to man of results obtained with laboratory animals but first we must have accurate models for our laboratory animals. A physiological pharmacokinetic model has been used to simulate the disposition of polychlorinated bip...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7720257
更新日期:1977-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metal ions form complexes with naturally occurring complexing agents or ligands released from industrial activity. The metal complexes are thereby mobilized and transported in environmental and biological systems. The impact of such metal complexes depends on the metal complex species that are kinetically and thermody...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s113
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The formation of reactive oxygen species resulting from the interaction of silica dust particles with red blood cell membranes was investigated; particularly, the effect of surface hydroxyl (silanol) group concentration on the rate of formation of such reactive oxygen species was investigated. The rate of formation wa...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9087337
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper examines recent risk assessments for benzene and observes a number of inconsistencies within the study and consistencies between studies that should effect the quantitative determination of the risk from benzene exposure. Comparisons across studies show that only acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is found to be ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8982289
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dietary vitamin E affects the susceptibility of mice and rats to ozone and nitrogen dioxide, suggesting a free radical mechanism of toxicity. Conventional peroxidation does not completely explain the effects of alterations of lung fatty acid composition on both nitrogen dioxide and ozone toxicity. A new scheme is prop...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7929105
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP507.]. ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1289/EHP3422
更新日期:2018-02-20 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the knowledge of high risk groups in the standard-setting process is examined. The overall conclusion is that many potential high risk segments of the population have not been studied adequately and that this deficiency in our knowledge markedly reduces the ability of decision makers to derive appropriate ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8352257
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sex-specific associations have been reported between phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), and child behavior. No data on large study populations are available for other phenols with possible endocrine-disrupting properties. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to study associations between prenatal exposure to phthalates and seve...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP1314
更新日期:2017-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Biomarkers are desirable for quantitating human exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and for predicting potential health risks for exposed individuals. A number of biomarkers of ETS have been proposed. At present cotinine, measured in blood, saliva, or urine, appears to be the most specific and the most sensi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107s2349
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major goal of studying farmworkers is to better understand how their work environment, including exposure to pesticides, affects their health. Although a number of health conditions have been associated with pesticide exposure, clear linkages have yet to be made between exposure and health effects except in cases of...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8526
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of structure-activity relationships and molecular mechanisms of action are fundamental to our understanding of the harmful effects of chemicals on the environment and their more direct effects on human health. It is important to identify factors that determine toxicological effects of foreign chemicals in biol...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.85615
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for trichloroethylene (TCE) in rodents and humans was calibrated with published toxicokinetic data sets. A Bayesian statistical framework was used to combine previous information about the model parameters with the data likelihood, to yield posterior parameter distribution...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s2307
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditional models of toxicity have relied on dissecting chemical action into pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. However, the integration of genomic information with toxicology will enhance our basic understanding of these processes and significantly change the way we apply toxicological information to ris...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s6919
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spatial epidemiology is the description and analysis of geographic variations in disease with respect to demographic, environmental, behavioral, socioeconomic, genetic, and infectious risk factors. We focus on small-area analyses, encompassing disease mapping, geographic correlation studies, disease clusters, and clus...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.6735
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the many forms that biological warfare may take is the targeting of major food crops. In a poor country where millions of citizens depend on staple crops such as rice, an act of bioterrorism that destroys the crop would create a famine, resulting not only in malnutrition and starvation but also in reduced immun...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.108-a126
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00