Abstract:
:1. The effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine and their respective antagonists were determined for neurons in the mouse superior olivary complex. Brain slices (400 microns) were cut in the frontal plane and maintained in an oxygenated saline solution for physiological recording. Recordings were made from neurons in the lateral superior olive (LSO) or medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) with glass micropipettes filled with 4 M potassium acetate. 2. Ipsilateral and contralateral synaptic responses were elicited by applying current pulses to the trapezoid body through bipolar stimulating electrodes located at positions lateral and medial to the olivary complex. Both intracellular and extracellular recordings were studied before, during, and after application of drugs to the saline bath containing the tissue slice. 3. Intracellular recordings from 10 neurons in LSO showed that GABA (1-10 mM) caused a concentration-dependent drop in membrane resistance and either reduced or blocked postsynaptic excitatory responses. Similar effects were found in five cells tested with glycine (1-10 mM). Three neurons tested with both GABA and glycine were affected by both drugs. Extracellular spikes were blocked in 53 out of 67 LSO neurons tested with GABA and 29 out of 35 neurons tested with glycine. Seventeen out of 23 neurons tested with both GABA and glycine were affected by both. 4. GABA had a powerful blocking effect on extracellularly recorded action potentials evoked by current-pulse stimulation of the trapezoid body in seven LSO neurons tested after adding the glycine receptor antagonist, strychnine (1 microM), to the bath. GABA also lowered the membrane resistance of one LSO neuron in which intracellular recordings were made in the presence of strychnine. 5. Neurons in MNTB also were affected by GABA and glycine but the proportion of sensitive cells was less than in LSO. GABA reduced membrane resistance in 6 out of 16 neurons and glycine produced a similar effect in 14 out of 26 neurons from which intracellular recordings were made. Six out of 14 neurons tested with GABA and glycine responded to both. Extracellular spikes were eliminated or reduced in amplitude by GABA in 15 out of 44 cells and by glycine in 40 out of 68 cells tested. Eleven out of 29 cells from which extracellular recordings were made were affected by both. 6. The glycine antagonist, strychnine (0.25 - 1.0 muM), blocked both ipsilateral and contralateral inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in LSO.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Wu SH,Kelly JBdoi
10.1152/jn.1995.73.1.256subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-01-01 00:00:00pages
256-69issue
1eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
73pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We are studying the functional "logic" of neuromodulatory actions in a simple central pattern generator (CPG)-effector system, the heart of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus. The rhythmic contractions of this heart are neurogenic, driven by rhythmic motor patterns generated by the cardiac ganglion (CG). Here we used a...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00558.2007
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electrophysiological recordings show intense neuronal firing during epileptic seizures leading to enhanced energy consumption. However, the relationship between oxygen metabolism and seizure patterns has not been well studied. Recent studies have developed fast and quantitative techniques to measure oxygen microdomain...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00541.2013
更新日期:2014-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Visual tracking of moving targets requires the combination of smooth pursuit eye movements with catch-up saccades. In primates, catch-up saccades usually take place only during pursuit initiation because pursuit gain is close to unity. This contrasts with the lower and more variable gain of smooth pursuit in cats, whe...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.2.550
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Mechanisms of depolarizing synaptic inhibition were investigated at the crayfish giant motor synapse with the use of two-electrode current- and voltage-clamp techniques. Depolarizing inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (d-IPSPs) of between 5 and 15 mV in amplitude are produced there in the motor giant motoneuron (Mo...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1990.64.2.532
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cortical neurons display two fundamental nonlinear response characteristics: contrast-set gain control (also termed contrast normalization) and response expansion (also termed half-squaring). These nonlinearities could play an important role in forming and maintaining stimulus selectivity during natural viewing, but o...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2002.88.2.888
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Several heart interneurons (HN cells) of the leech nerve cord have impulse-initiation sites in every segmental ganglion through which their single axons pass. All these initiation sites are capable of producing rhythmic impulse bursts. However, under normal conditions a dominant primary initiation site in the gangl...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1980.44.5.878
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the postnatal development of axon sensitivity to the withdrawal of oxygen, glucose, or the combined withdrawal of oxygen + glucose in the isolated rat optic nerve (a CNS white matter tract). Removal of either oxygen or glucose for 60 min resulted in irreversible injury in optic nerves from adult rats, ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.79.1.95
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::These experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that climbing fiber inputs evoked by a peripheral stimulus increase the responsiveness of Purkinje cells to mossy fiber inputs. This hypothesis was based on a previous series of observations demonstrating that spontaneous climbing fiber inputs are associated with ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1983.50.1.205
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the specificity of fusimotor (gamma) drive during locomotion, gamma-efferents were recorded from the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) nerves in a decerebrate cat preparation. These nerves innervate hindlimb muscles that differ in some aspects of their mechanical action. For...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00917.2000
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It remains unclear how attention affects the tuning of individual neurons in visual cerebral cortex. Some observations suggest that attention preferentially enhances responses to low contrast stimuli, whereas others suggest that attention proportionally affects responses to all stimuli. Resolving how attention affects...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01019.2009
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The movement representation in the primary motor cortex (M1) of the cat develops between postnatal weeks 7-12. The somatosensory representation in motor cortex is present by the age that the motor map begins to develop. In this study we examined the role of neural activity in development and maintenance of the M1 move...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00424.2005
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Similar motor regions are activated during voluntarily executed or observed movements. We investigated whether observing movements of one's own hand through a mirror will generate activations in the cortical motor regions of both the moving and nonmoving hands. Using the lateralized readiness potential (LRP), an elect...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90260.2008
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons integrate subthreshold inputs in a frequency-dependent manner. For sinusoidal stimuli, response amplitudes thus vary with stimulus frequency. Neurons in entorhinal cortex show two types of such resonance behavior: stellate cells in layer II exhibit a prominent peak in the resonance profile at stimulus frequenc...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01116.2003
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sensorimotor calibration of visually guided reaching changes on a trial-to-trial basis in response to random shifts in the visual feedback of the hand. We show that a simple linear dynamical system is sufficient to model the dynamics of this adaptive process. In this model, an internal variable represents the curr...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00897.2006
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Combined transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) enables noninvasive neurophysiological investigation of the human cortex. A TMS paradigm of short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) is characterized by attenuation of the motor-evoked potential (MEP) and modulation of N100 of the TMS-evoke...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00260.2016
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Properties, developmental regulation, and cAMP modulation of the hyperpolarization-activated current (I(h)) were investigated by the whole cell patch-clamp technique in vestibular ganglion neurons of the rat at two postnatal stages (P7-10 and P25-28). In addition, by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry the identity and di...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00337.2012
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lower limb paralysis from spinal cord injury (SCI) or neurological disease carries a poor prognosis for recovery and remains a large societal burden. Neurophysiological and neuroprosthetic research have the potential to improve quality of life for these patients; however, the lack of an ethical and sustainable nonhuma...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00327.2017
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rack and Westbury showed that low-frequency asynchronous stimulation of a muscle produces greater force compared with synchronous stimulation. This study tested the hypothesis that the difference results from the dynamic stretch of the common elastic elements. In eight anesthetized cats, the soleus was attached to a s...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01304.2005
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activity patterns in self- and cross-reinnervated flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and soleus (SOL) muscles were examined during natural movements in awake, unrestrained cats in which electromyographic (EMG) electrodes, tendon-force gauges, and muscle-length gauges had been chronically implanted under anesthesia and ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1985.54.4.852
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the most common inherited form of intellectual disability, is caused by loss of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). FMRP is a negative regulator of local mRNA translation downstream of group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (Gp1 mGluR) activation. In the absence of FMRP there is...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00449.2010
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We perceive objects as permanent and stable despite frequent occlusions and eye movements, but their representation in the visual cortex is neither permanent nor stable. Feature selective cells respond only as long as objects are visible, and their responses depend on eye position. We explored the hypothesis that the ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00112.2020
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activity-dependent developmental maturation of the neocortical network is thought to involve the stabilization and potentiation of immature synapses. In particular, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term plasticity that is expressed presynaptically appears to be crucial for the selection of functiona...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00018.2006
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied how rewards modulate the occurrence of microsaccades by manipulating the size of an expected reward and the location of the cue that sets the expectations for future reward. We found an interaction between the size of the reward and the location of the cue. When monkeys fixated on a cue that signaled t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00401.2015
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animals and human beings sense and react to real/potential dangerous stimuli. However, the supraspinal mechanisms relating noxious sensing and nocifensive behavior are mostly unknown. The collateralization and spatial organization of interrelated neurons are important determinants of coordinated network function. Here...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00603.2015
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Liolaemus lizards were explored to ascertain whether they would make an amenable model to study single-cell electrophysiology of neurons in the vomeronasal organ (VNO). Despite a rich array of chemosensory-related behaviors chronicled for this genus, no anatomical or functional data exist for the VNO, the organ mediat...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00490.2005
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seminal work in animals indicates that learning a motor task results in long-term potentiation (LTP) in primary motor cortex (M1) and a subsequent occlusion of LTP induction (Rioult-Pedotti et al. J Neurophysiol 98: 3688-3695, 2007). Using various forms of noninvasive brain stimulation in conjunction with a motor lear...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00766.2013
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ankle inversions have been studied extensively during standing conditions. However, inversion traumas occur during more dynamic conditions, like walking. Therefore in this study sudden ankle inversions were elicited in 12 healthy subjects who stepped on a trap door while walking on a treadmill. First, 10 control trial...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01226.2006
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The influence of prior metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) activation on subsequent long-term potentiation (LTP) induction was investigated with the use of the mGluR agonist 1-amino-cyclopentane-1S,3R-dicarboxylic acid (ACPD, 20 microM). Field potential recordings were made in the stratum radiatum of CA1 slices...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.2.953
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Locusts have two large collision-detecting neurons, the descending contralateral movement detectors (DCMDs) that signal object approach and trigger evasive glides during flight. We sought to investigate whether vision for action, when the locust is in an aroused state rather than a passive viewer, significantly alters...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01055.2007
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Eye movements were recorded before and after bilateral occipital lobectomy in six rhesus monkeys trained to fixate and to follow small targets. Striate cortex was completely removed in two animals; small islands islands remained in the others. In all animals portions of extrastriate cortex were also removed but the...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1987.58.4.883
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00