Abstract:
:Reproduction is essential for the continuation of the species and for life itself. In biological terms, living and reproducing are essentially one and the same. There is, therefore, no sharp division between identifying factors harmful to reproduction and identifying factors harmful to life or vice versa. Detection of harmful factors requires balanced use of a variety of methodologies from databases on structure-activity relationships through in vitro and in vivo test systems of varying complexity to surveys of wildlife and human populations. Human surveys provide the only assured means of discriminating between real and imagined harmful factors, but they are time consuming and provide information after the harm has been done. Test systems with whole animals provide the best prospects for identifying harmful factors quickly, but currently available methods used for testing agrochemicals and drugs need a thorough overhaul before they can provide a role model. Whether there is a need for new methodology is doubtful. More certain is the need to use existing methodology more wisely. We need a better understanding of the environment--whatever it is--and a more thoughtful approach to investigation of multifactorial situations.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Palmer AKdoi
10.1289/ehp.93101s219subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-07-01 00:00:00pages
19-25eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
101 Suppl 2pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Along the Texas-Mexico border, the prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) among Mexican-American women doubled during 1990-1991. The human outbreak began during the same crop year as epizootics attributed to exposure to fumonisin, a mycotoxin that often contaminates corn. Because Mexican Americans in Texas consume l...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8221
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The N-oxidation of carcinogenic arylamines to form N-hydroxy arylamines has long been regarded as a necessary metabolic step for conversion to proximate carcinogenic derivatives. In contrast, arylamine ring-oxidation has been generally considered to be an important detoxification mechanism. Both enzymatic reactions ar...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9087233
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Groundwater contamination is a serious problem that is growing in the United States, but its true extent is not known and it is difficult to determine because of the complexities of contaminants, their transformation, and fate in groundwater systems. It is also difficult to predict their movement in groundwater. Since...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9086239
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a pilot study of individuals (liquidators) who were engaged in clean-up operations after the disaster at the nuclear power plant at Chernobyl in Ukraine. In the 10 years since the disaster, adverse health effects among exposed individuals have not been clearly defined. There is widespread fear of damage to ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s61445
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1976, near Seveso, Italy, an industrial accident caused the release of large quantities of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) into the atmosphere, resulting in the highest levels of the toxicant ever recorded in humans. The contaminated area was divided into three zones (A, B, R) corresponding to decreasing...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106273
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A biodosimetric approach to determine alpha-particle dose to the respiratory tract epithelium from known exposures to radon has been developed in the rat. Cytotoxicity assays have been used to obtain dose-conversion factors for cumulative exposures typical of those encountered by underground uranium miners. However, t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s4913
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A comprehensive effort was undertaken to identify articles demonstrating chemical hormesis. Nearly 4000 potentially relevant articles were retrieved from preliminary computer database searches by using various key word descriptors and extensive cross-referencing. A priori evaluation criteria were established including...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s1357
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Building-related illness ranges from mild rhinitis to potentially life-threatening hypersensitivity pneumonitis and legionellosis. Sick-building syndrome, consisting of headache, mucous membrane irritation, and fatigue, may be present in 30% of all office workers. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, asthma, and legionellosi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.919567
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We previously demonstrated that among 54 infants in neonatal intensive care units, exposure to polyvinyl chloride plastic medical devices containing the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is associated with urinary concentrations of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) , a DEHP metabolite. In this f...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8926
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Health risks differ by fine particle (aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) component, although with substantial variability. Traditional methods to assess component-specific risks are limited, suggesting the need for alternative methods. OBJECTIVES:We examined whether the odds of daily hospital admissions differ ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1002646
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We synthesized the main findings from an international epidemiologic study on the impact of biopersistent organic pollutants (POPs) on human reproductive function. DATA SOURCES AND EXTRACTION:We used a database with interview and biological data from 2,269 women and their spouses, and 18 published core paper...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.10700
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a synthetic estrogen associated with adverse effects on reproductive organs. DES-induced toxicity of the mouse seminal vesicle (SV) is mediated by estrogen receptor α (ERα), which alters expression of seminal vesicle secretory protein IV (Svs4) and lactoferrin (Ltf) genes. OBJECT...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1307351
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thirty compounds of various chemical classes were investigated for mutagenicity in a collaborative study (three laboratories) using Salmonella typhimurium TA102. With five compounds, hydrazine sulfate, phenylhydrazine, hydralazine, glutardialdehyde, and glyoxal, mutagenicity was detected by all laboratories. Formaldeh...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.101-1521147
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Widespread and persistent organochlorine (OC) contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides, are known to have broad-ranging toxicities in wildlife. In this study we investigated, for the first time, their possible health effects on loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). Nonlethal fat biopsi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6923
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Under a cooperative agreement between New York University and the Environmental Protection Agency, and in collaboration with the University of Sao Paulo (USP), a study is ongoing in Cubatao, Brazil, to try to establish exposure-response relationships on the impact of specific industrial effluents on respiratory functi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94-1567962
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A system suitable for the detection of meiotic aneuploidy is described in which various different origins of the aneuploidy can be distinguished. Aneuploid meiotic products are detected as black disomic spores held in asci containing all the products of a single meiosis. Aneuploidy may result from nondisjunction or fr...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.793167
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although previous studies have reported negative associations between exposure to air pollution and cognition, studies of the effects of prenatal and postnatal exposures in early childhood have been limited. OBJECTIVES:We sought to assess the role exposure to fine particulate matter ([Formula: see text]) du...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP3169
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent findings suggest that maternal smoking during pregnancy may play a role in the development of metabolic alterations in offspring during childhood. However, whether such exposure increases the risk of developing similar metabolic alterations during adulthood is uncertain. OBJECTIVE:We evaluated the as...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1104563
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cadmium is a commonly occurring toxic food contaminant, but health consequences of early-life exposure are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the associations between cadmium exposure and neurobehavioral development in preschool children. METHODS:In our population-based mother-child cohort study in...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1104431
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Drinking water contamination related to the use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) has been documented at hundreds of military bases, airports, and firefighter training facilities. AFFF has historically contained high levels of long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which pose serious health...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP6470
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes quantitation of human hemoglobin and DNA adducts of the carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN). NNK and NNN are believed to be involved in cancers of the lung, esophagus, oral cavity, and pancreas in people wh...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.939957
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past decade much information has been published on the analysis of organics extracted from treated water. Certain of these organics have been shown to be by-products of the chlorination disinfection process and to possess harmful effects at high concentrations. This has resulted in increased interest in alter...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.824687
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the many forms that biological warfare may take is the targeting of major food crops. In a poor country where millions of citizens depend on staple crops such as rice, an act of bioterrorism that destroys the crop would create a famine, resulting not only in malnutrition and starvation but also in reduced immun...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.108-a126
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyzed questionnaire and physician examination data for 1560 new immigrants from the former USSR divided into three groups by potential exposure to Chernobyl radiation. Two groups were chosen according to soil contamination by cesium-137 at former residences, as confirmed by our findings in a 137Cs body burden st...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103936
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a study to examine seasonal changes in residential dust lead content and its relationship to blood lead in preschool children. We collected blood and dust samples (floors, windowsills, and carpets) to assess lead exposure. The geometric mean blood lead concentrations are 10.77 and 7.66 microg/dL for the d...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108177
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:"Airwave" is the new communication system currently being rolled out across the United Kingdom for the police and emergency services, based on the Terrestrial Trunked Radio Telecommunications System (TETRA). Some police officers have complained about skin rashes, nausea, headaches, and depression as a conseq...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901416
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical use of polymeric materials in the body to repair and restore damaged or diseased tissues and organs is substantially increasing on an annual basis. Concomitant with this use is an increase in materials related research on medically used polymers. Information on the historical and current clinical use of p...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.751171
更新日期:1975-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Minority populations face a wide variety of economic, institutional, and cultural barriers to health care. These barriers and low levels of education and income pose significant challenges for health professionals in developing cancer research and prevention-control strategies. It is suggested that specific segments o...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s8287
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lysosomes of several varieties of cells such as the tubular proximal cell of the kidney and the alveolar macrophage have the ability to concentrate and precipitate several elements inhaled in water-soluble form, usually as phosphate. The mechanism involved is attributed to the high acid phosphatase activity of lys...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9297145
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rates of preterm birth have been rising over the past several decades. Factors contributing to this trend remain largely unclear, and exposure to environmental contaminants may play a role. OBJECTIVE:We investigated the relationship between phthalate exposure and preterm birth. METHODS:Within a large Mexic...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0800522
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00