Abstract:
:The vaccinia virus Western Reserve A38L protein is a hydrophobic integral membrane glycoprotein with amino acid similarity to mammalian integrin-associated protein. The protein has an N-terminal immunoglobulin superfamily domain, followed by five membrane-spanning domains and a short cytoplasmic tail. Deletion of the protein reduces virus plaque size but does not affect virus virulence (J. E. Parkinson, C. M. Sanderson, and G. L. Smith, Virology, in press). In this study, we have used a recombinant vaccinia virus in which the A38L gene may be inducibly overexpressed by addition of isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), to demonstrate that overexpression of the vaccinia virus A38L gene produces drastic changes in the morphology, permeability, and adhesion of infected cells. In particular, A38L overexpression caused swelling of cells, marginalization of nuclear chromatin, and vacuolization of the endoplasmic reticulum, features characteristic of cell necrosis. By 18 h postinfection, cells become permeable and lytic as defined by the free entry of propidium iodide and loss of the cytoplasmic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. Chelation of extracellular Ca2+ 22 h postinfection inhibited further release of lactate dehydrogenase, showing that Ca2+ influx was required for A38L-induced lysis. Direct measurement of 45Ca2+ influx showed that the rate of Ca2+ uptake was directly related to the period of A38L induction. The A38L protein, therefore, promotes the formation of pores within the plasma membrane of cells, and these pores facilitate Ca2+ entry and induce necrosis. Addition of rifampin inhibited virus assembly but not the ability of A38L to induce necrosis, indicating that pore formation is independent of viral morphogenesis. Finally, overexpression of the A38L protein resulted in a reduced plaque size and a threefold decrease in production of infective particles in vitro. The A38L protein represents the first example of a virus protein which directly or indirectly promotes the influx of extracellular Ca2+.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Sanderson CM,Parkinson JE,Hollinshead M,Smith GLdoi
10.1128/JVI.70.2.905-914.1996subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-02-01 00:00:00pages
905-14issue
2eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514journal_volume
70pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Human cells infected with adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) or Ad5 require VAI RNA for efficient translation of viral mRNAs at late times after infection. The Ad5 mutant dl-sub720 synthesized neither virus-associated I (VAI) nor VAII RNAs, and infection of human cells with this mutant resulted in reduced virion polypeptide synt...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.60.2.363-368.1986
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transgene expression after the administration of recombinant adenovirus with E1 deleted is constantly transient. It is admitted that E1A-substituting activities of cellular or viral origin allow viral antigen synthesis and trigger cytotoxic lymphocyte-mediated clearance of the recipient cells. Our approach to solving ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.70.1.559-565.1996
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses are crucial for the control of immunodeficiency virus replication. Possible involvement of a dominant single epitope-specific CTL in control of viral replication has recently been indicated in preclinical AIDS vaccine trials, but it has remained unclear if multiple epitope-specif...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.80.4.1949-1958.2006
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene expression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is modulated by both cellular transcription factors, which bind to cis-acting regulatory elements in the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) and the viral transactivator, tat. The enhancer element in the HIV-1 LTR which extends from -103 to -82 is critical for gene ex...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.68.2.1002-1009.1994
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is a hepatotropic virus that causes severe hepatic damage characterized by basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies, vacuolar degeneration, and multifocal necrosis in hepatocytes. Many aspects of FAdV-4 infection and pathogenesis, however, remain unknown. Here, we found that FAdV-4-...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01938-20
更新日期:2020-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::The development of resistance to host defense mechanisms such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- and Fas-mediated apoptosis of transformed or virus-infected cells may be a critical component in the development of disease. To find genes that protect cells from apoptosis, we used an expression cloning strategy and identifi...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.71.10.7509-7517.1997
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a prevalent pathogen that establishes lifelong infection in the host. Virus persistence is aided by extensive manipulation of the host immune system, particularly cytokine and chemokine signaling pathways. The HCMV UL111A gene encodes cmvIL-10, an ortholog of human interleukin-10 that h...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01981-17
更新日期:2018-02-12 00:00:00
abstract::Human oncolytic adenoviruses have been used in clinical trials targeting cancers of epithelial origin. To gain a better understanding of the infectious cycle of adenovirus in normal human squamous tissues, we examined the viral infection process in organotypic cultures of primary human keratinocytes. We show that for ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.77.11.6533-6540.2003
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can be reactivated from latency into the lytic cycle by many stimuli believed to operate by different mechanisms. Cell lines containing EBV differ in their responses to inducing stimuli, yet all stimuli require de novo protein synthesis (44). A crucial step preliminary to identifying these pro...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01172-09
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using real-time fluorescence PCR, we quantitated the numbers of copies of latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) genomes in 15 human trigeminal ganglia. Eight (53%) and 1 (7%) of 15 ganglia were PCR positive for HSV-1 or -2 glycoprotein G genes, with means of 2,9...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.73.12.10514-10518.1999
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Influenza virus transcription requires functional coupling with cellular transcription for the cap-snatching process. Despite this fact, RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is degraded during infection in a process triggered by the viral polymerase. Reassortant viruses from the A/PR/8/34 (PR8) strain that induce (hv...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02263-13
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::ICP0 is a transcriptional activating protein required for the efficient replication and reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Multiple regions of ICP0 contribute its activity, the most prominent of which appears to be the RING finger, which confers E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. A region in the C termi...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02265-10
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lethal, amber mutations in T4 genes 46 and 47 cause incomplete degradation of host DNA, premature arrest of phage DNA synthesis, accumulation of abnormal DNA replication intermediates, and defective recombination. These phenotypes can be explained by the hypothesis that genes 46 and 47 control a DNA exonuclease, but i...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.40.1.65-77.1981
更新日期:1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endogenous retroviruses (ERV) are found throughout vertebrate genomes, and failure to silence their activation can have deleterious consequences on the host. Mutation and subsequent disruption of ERV loci is therefore an indispensable component of the cell-intrinsic defenses that maintain the integrity of the host gen...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00728-19
更新日期:2019-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied initiation and regulation of early transcription of simian virus (SV40) DNA in vitro by eucaryotic RNA polymerase II, using both a crude HeLa cell extract and a partially purified calf thymus polymerase supplemented with a HeLa cell S100 fraction. Analysis of initiation sites by primer-directed cDNA sy...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.41.2.449-461.1982
更新日期:1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:We have shown that glycoprotein K (gK) and its interacting partner, the UL20 protein, play crucial roles in virion envelopment. Specifically, virions lacking either gK or UL20 fail to acquire an envelope, thus causing accumulation of capsids in the cytoplasm of infected cells. The herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00278-14
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasmid lambdadv1, which is in a dimeric form, was converted to a linear monomer duplex by the action of EcoRI restriction endonuclease that incises at a unique site in this plasmid genome. The resulting products were then joined by Escherichia coli DNA ligase to produce molecules with various oligomeric forms, and fr...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.16.3.479-485.1975
更新日期:1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viral manipulation of cellular proteins allows viruses to suppress host defenses and generate infectious progeny. Due to the linear double-stranded DNA nature of the adenovirus genome, the cellular DNA damage response (DDR) is considered a barrier to successful infection. The adenovirus genome is packaged with protein...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01089-17
更新日期:2017-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a severe respiratory disease which is thought to result from a dysregulated immune response to infection with pathogenic hantaviruses, such as Sin Nombre virus or Andes virus (ANDV). Other New World hantaviruses, such as Prospect Hill virus (PHV), have not been associated with hu...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02402-06
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Tax protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a potent activator of viral transcription. Tax also activates the expression of specific cellular genes involved in the control of T-lymphocyte growth via effects on cellular transcription factors, including members of the NF-kappaB/cRel family. Immunoc...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.71.5.3484-3497.1997
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incorporation of (3)H-thymidine ((3)H-dT) into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has been studied in uninfected confluent monolayer cultures of monkey kidney and mouse kidney cells, simian virus 40 (SV40)-infected cells, and in SV40-transformed mouse kidney cells. Radioautographic measurements revealed that during the p...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.1.4.738-746.1967
更新日期:1967-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two of 25 healthy pet sooty mangabey (SM) monkeys (Cercocebus atys) living in West Africa were seropositive by immunoblot when surveyed for antibody to simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (SIVmac). SIVsmLIB1 was isolated from one of the pet sooty mangabeys. Nucleotide sequence data showed that this isolate is a ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.65.8.4480-4485.1991
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A conjugate of Pseudomonas exotoxin and epidermal growth factor (PE-EGF) inhibits proteins synthesis in KB cells, and this inhibition is increased by adenovirus. Protein synthesis inhibition is dependent on the amount of adenovirus and PE-EGF used and the time of incubation of cells with these agents. With 1 microgram...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.51.3.650-655.1984
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular mechanism by which retroviral Gag proteins are directed to the plasma membrane for the formation of particles (budding) is unknown, but it is widely believed that the MA domain, located at the amino terminus, plays a critical role. Consistent with this idea, we found that small deletions in this segment ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.65.7.3804-3812.1991
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed a means to identify genes associated with particular aspects of virulence. By beginning with an avirulent deletion mutant of rabbitpox virus and systematically reintroducing overlapping segments of the deleted region, we have identified two regions of the viral genome associated with increased virule...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.65.3.1530-1542.1991
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic conflicts between retroviruses and their receptors result in the evolution of novel host entry restrictions and novel virus envelopes, and such variants can influence trans-species transmission. We screened rodents and other mammals for sequence variation in the Xpr1 receptor for the mouse xenotropic or polytr...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01549-10
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our previous study has shown that recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector integrates preferentially in genes, near transcription start sites and CpG islands in mouse liver (H. Nakai, X. Wu, S. Fuess, T. A. Storm, D. Munroe, E. Montini, S. M. Burgess, M. Grompe, and M. A. Kay, J. Virol. 79:3606-3614, 2005). Ho...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00963-07
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The initial virus strains from as many as 12% of individuals with primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have a 50% inhibitory concentration =0.4-fold that of HIV type 1(NL4-3) (HIV-1(NL4-3)) to ritonavir (hypersusceptibility [HS]). There is also substantial variation in replicative capacity (RC) or an...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.78.5.2242-2246.2004
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) turnover and kinetics were studied in children aged 15 days to 2 years following the initiation of a triple antiretroviral drug regimen consisting of zidovudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine. HIV-1 turnover was at least as rapid as that previously described in adults; t...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.73.1.362-367.1999
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genomic replication of the negative-strand RNA viruses is dependent upon protein synthesis. To examine the requirement for protein synthesis in replication, we developed an in vitro system that supports the genome replication of defective interfering particles of the negative-strand rhabdovirus vesicular stomatitis vi...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.49.2.303-309.1984
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00