Abstract:
:The axons in the nerve fiber layer (NFL) of the adult rat retina were examined by transmission electron microscopy. NFL axons range in size from 0.12 to about 2.0 microm, with a peak at 0.3-0.4 microm. In addition to conventional small mitochondria in the NFL axons contain some large ones, which are similar to astrocytic gliosomes. Two types of regional axon membrane specialization are found in the NFL. One of these represents portions of the initial axon segments of retinal ganglion cells. Apart from features typical for initial axon segments in general, a corona of lamelliform, villous or blunt glial processes is always present. The glial processes originate from MUller cells. The other regional axon membrane specialization consists of patches of an electron-dense subaxolemmal undercoating with associated tufts of Miller cell processes. These patches cover a varying but always limited proportion of the axon circumference and their longitudinal extent varies between 0.5 and 5.0 microm. They are clearly distinct from the initial axon segment and from the initial heminode in the optic nerve. Similar undercoated patches in the optic disc axons are apposed by astrocytic processes. It is concluded that rat NFL axons represent an example of central non-myelinated axons with distinct regional membrane specializations, which have some structural characteristics in common with nodes of Ranvier.
journal_name
Brain Resjournal_title
Brain researchauthors
Hildebrand C,Waxman SGdoi
10.1016/0006-8993(83)91222-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-01-03 00:00:00pages
23-32issue
1eissn
0006-8993issn
1872-6240pii
0006-8993(83)91222-2journal_volume
258pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BRAIN RESEARCH文献大全abstract::(1) Visual, auditory and olfactory input were not necessary for the performance of the lordosis reflex by female rats. Since taste is not involved in this behavior, somatosensory input must be sufficient for triggering the lordosis reflex. (2) Surgical cutaneous denervation markedly reduced the frequency and strength ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(76)90987-2
更新日期:1976-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the mechanisms underlying the depolarization induced by anoxia in brainstem neurons, we studied single neurons in brainstem slices using conventional micro-electrodes and freshly dissociated hypoglossal and vagal cells using patch clamp techniques (whole-cell configuration). Since glutamate concentration ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91067-3
更新日期:1993-10-22 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of ricin (RCA-120) on non-injected dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells, sharing the same DRG as the injected ones, were studied after ricin injections into the tibial nerve and B-HRP injections into the peroneal nerve. Numerous DRG cells containing B-HRP reaction product and exhibiting signs of advanced degen...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)90561-o
更新日期:1990-02-19 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine whether treatment with high-dose human serum albumin (HSA) would offer protection in a model of high-grade transient forebrain ischemia. Twenty-six fasted Wistar rats underwent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and severe hypotension (50 mmHg) for 10 min. The agent (2...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01952-6
更新日期:1999-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::This study was done in urethane anesthetized, ovariectomized (OVX) female rats that were either implanted or not implanted with silastic capsules containing17β-estradiol (E2) to investigate the effect of systemic changes in E2 on the discharge rate of subfornical organ (SFO) neurons that projected to supraoptic nucleu...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.06.038
更新日期:2013-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::Our previous work has revealed increased nitric oxide (NO) production in the cochlear perilymph following noise stress. However, it is not clear if the increase of NO is related to iNOS and whether NO-related oxidative stress can cause vascular tissue damage. In this study, iNOS immunoreactivity, NO production, and re...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)04090-8
更新日期:2003-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::Six experimental and 3 unoperated cats were trained with a go, no-go shock avoidance procedure to discriminate increases from decreases in the rate of presentation of all auditory cortex between the suprasylvian sulcus and rhinal fissure while 3 cats had bilateral auditory cortex lesions plus ablation of the cortex of...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(76)90249-3
更新日期:1976-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) is an important peripheral membrane-bound enzyme, crucial for cholinergic neurotransmission. Changes in AchE activity, kinetic and thermotropic properties were studied in hepatic encephalopathy (HE) associated with acute liver failure induced experimentally by the administration of the hepa...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.02.095
更新日期:2007-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::It has been well established that the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoK(ATP)) opener, diazoxide, has protective effects on the heart and brain following ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the mechanism of the neuroprotective effects of diazoxide remains unclear. This study highlights the anti-apo...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.019
更新日期:2011-01-25 00:00:00
abstract::Choline uptake and ecto-cholinesterase activities have been measured in intact astroblast and neuroblast cultures. The data show that choline uptake is dependent upon the ionic composition of the culture medium and is sensitive to metabolic inhibitors. However, the high concentrations of the inhibitors necessary for t...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(76)90337-1
更新日期:1976-08-06 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the effect of aging on the responses to thermal and mechanical stimuli in rats. Young (3-5 months old) and aged (22-24 months old) male Sprague-Dawley rats were tested in the hot plate, high- and low-intensity radiant heat tail flick, and von Frey hair assays. Compared to young rats, aged rats displaye...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)01960-0
更新日期:2000-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in freshly prepared 45,000 g supernatant from rat striatum was fractionated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The elution was made with 2 vols. of buffer (50 mM Tris, pH 7.4; 2 mM dithiothreitol) followed by 4 vols. of a linear NaCl gradient (0 0.3 M) in the same buffer. TH activity was elute...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)90397-9
更新日期:1983-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::Kinins, a special class of polypeptides, are represented by bradykinin (BK), kallidin (Lys-BK), as well as their metabolites. The biological actions of these polypeptides binding on their receptors (B1 and B2) have been related to inflammation process, cytokines action, glutamate release and prostaglandins production....
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2003.12.050
更新日期:2004-04-23 00:00:00
abstract::Male Wistar rats were anaesthetized, injected intracisternally (i.c.) with saline or colchicine and were decapitated at various time intervals. Trunk blood was collected for the determination of immunoreactive adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTHi) by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and of corticosterone by a fluorometric assay. ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)91517-x
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sometimes devastating mood swings of bipolar disorder are prevented by treatment with selected antiepileptic drugs, or with lithium. Abnormal membrane ion channel expression and excitability in brain neurons likely underlie bipolar disorder, but explaining therapeutic effects in these terms has faced an unresolved...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.07.021
更新日期:2010-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::Neural stem cells can be derived from the adult/embryonic nervous system as well as from more primitive embryonic stem cells but, because of the lack of specific markers, only their differentiated progeny can be characterized. We here report the presence of several endothelial and hematopoietic receptors (at protein a...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(01)03291-7
更新日期:2002-01-25 00:00:00
abstract::The Thy-1 antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein found in neural tissue of all mammalian species so far studied. The distribution and amount of this antigen has been measured on 4 human neuronal and 2 neuroglial cell lines and on fresh tumour cells of neuronal origin. In 3 out of 4 neuronal lines (LAN-1, TR14, CHP 212...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)90727-2
更新日期:1982-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in two genes, alpha-synuclein and parkin, have been identified as some rare causes for familial Parkinson's disease (PD). alpha-Synuclein and parkin protein have subsequently been identified in Lewy bodies (LB). To gain further insight into the pathogenesis of PD we investigated the role of neurofilament lig...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03138-4
更新日期:2002-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of the epileptogenic agent, penicillin, on excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs and IPSPs) were studied in the hippocampal in vitro slice preparation. The actions of penicillin were compared to those of bicuculline, an antagonist of gamma-aminobutyric acid. Neither substance enhanced mo...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(80)90119-5
更新日期:1980-02-03 00:00:00
abstract::Focal axonal swellings are characteristic of a wide range of neuropathies. Three neuron-specific monoclonal antibodies have been used to identify focal axonal swellings in the normal developing rat cerebellar cortex. Between 7 and 15 days postnatal, swellings are a common feature of the granular layer and white matter...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)91018-8
更新日期:1986-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::The role of mu opioid receptors in the nucleus raphe dorsalis (DR) in the control of apomorphine-induced aggression was studied in rats. Administration in the DR of a selective mu opioid receptor agonist, (D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol)-enkephalin (DAGO), in doses ranging from 0.01 to 1 microgram/0.5 microliter, dose-depen...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)90706-3
更新日期:1989-05-29 00:00:00
abstract::Visual-spatial working memory tasks can be decomposed into encoding and retrieval phases. It was hypothesized that encoding of visual-spatial information is cognitively more challenging than retrieval. This was tested by combining electroencephalography with a virtual reality paradigm to observe the modulation in EEG ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.05.086
更新日期:2010-08-06 00:00:00
abstract::Perfusion of the microcirculation after stroke is central to preserving neuronal function and improving functional outcome. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and a novel computer software program, MIRAGE, we measured a reduction in cerebral microvessel diameter after 1 and 4 h of embolic middle cerebral ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02543-9
更新日期:2000-09-08 00:00:00
abstract::An in vitro model was used to study the cytokinetics of astroglial cells derived from neonatal rat cerebellum. Confluent monolayers of astrocytes (85% astroglial as assessed by GFAP immunoreactivity) were subcultured at low cell density and after 2-3 days growth were rendered quiescent by shifting them to low serum me...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)91485-0
更新日期:1988-01-26 00:00:00
abstract::Increased and sustained central delivery of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) is a desirable therapeutic strategy in Parkinson's disease. We investigated the effects of peripheral catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibition, by the non-toxic drug nitecapone on the metabolism of 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dihydroxyphenylalanin...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90556-3
更新日期:1993-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::The role of GABA in NMDA-dependent long term depression (LTD) in the medial vestibular nuclei (MVN) was studied on rat brainstem slices. High frequency stimulation (HFS) of the primary vestibular afferents induces a long lasting reduction of the polysynaptic (N2) component of the field potentials recorded in the dorsa...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00895-w
更新日期:1995-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::A large body of evidence shows that methamphetamine (METH) causes sustained damage to the brain in animal models and human METH users. In chronic users there are indications of cognitive and motor deficits. Striatal neuropeptides are in a position to modulate the neurochemical effects of METH and consequently striatal...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.03.010
更新日期:2013-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of injecting cholecystokinin (CCK) into the third ventricle or into selected hypothalamic sites on electrical firing rate of sympathetic nerves to interscapular brown fat (IBAT) has been investigated in anesthetized rats. The hypothesis for these experiments was that there was a reciprocal relationship bet...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)91486-x
更新日期:1992-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) is colocalized within a majority of dopamine (DA)-containing neurons of the rat midbrain. Exogenous CCK-8 can modulate the electrophysiological activity of DA neurons, at least in part, by direct actions on the somatodendritic region of these cells. If CCK-8 is somatodendritically r...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)90353-w
更新日期:1991-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::A clonal human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cell line was established that stably expressed the rat kappa-opioid receptor (rKOR) with a FLAG epitope at the amino terminus. The Kd for [3H]diprenorphine was 1.1+/-0.2 nM, and the Bmax was 2.6+/-0.4 pmol/mg. Dynorphin A (1-13), U69,593 and naloxone competitively inhibited [...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.06.121
更新日期:2008-09-16 00:00:00