Abstract:
:The postantibiotic subminimum inhibitory concentration effect (PA SME) may simulate in vivo drug exposure more accurately than the postantibiotic effect (PAE) since subinhibitory concentrations of drug persist between antibiotic dosings. In this study, we compared the PAEs and PA SMEs of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin for clinical isolates of fluoroquinolone-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. At two times the MIC, PAEs of levofloxacin were an average of 0.6 h longer than the PAEs obtained for ciprofloxacin for methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. The PAEs of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin ranged from 1.8 to 3.1 and 1.1 to 2.4 h, respectively. Continued exposure of the methicillin-resistant strain to 1/16, 1/8, and 1/4 the MIC resulted in PA SMEs of 6.5, 15.3, and >22.3 h, respectively, for levofloxacin and 3.8, 8.0, and 12.3 h, respectively, for ciprofloxacin. For isolates of S. pneumoniae, at two times the MIC of both fluoroquinolones, the average PAEs of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were equivalent: 1.3 h for the penicillin-susceptible isolate and 0.6 h for the penicillin-resistant isolate. Continued exposure of the penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae strain to 1/16, 1/8, and 1/4 the MIC resulted in average PA SMEs of 1.0, 1.4, and 2.8 h, respectively, for levofloxacin and 1.8, 2.0, and 2.5 h, respectively, for ciprofloxacin. Continued exposure of penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae to 1/16, 1/8, and 1/4 the MIC of the same fluoroquinolones resulted in average PA SMEs of 0.6, 1.1, and 2.9 h, respectively, for levofloxacin and 0.6, 1.1, and 1.5 h, respectively, for ciprofloxacin. The PA SMEs observed demonstrate the superior activity of levofloxacin against methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Although PAEs were similar for the penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae strains, the PA SME of levofloxacin at one-fourth the MIC was longer for penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae.
journal_name
Antimicrob Agents Chemotherjournal_title
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapyauthors
Licata L,Smith CE,Goldschmidt RM,Barrett JF,Frosco Mdoi
10.1128/AAC.41.5.950subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-05-01 00:00:00pages
950-5issue
5eissn
0066-4804issn
1098-6596journal_volume
41pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Both ampicillin and cefuroxime therapy of neonates selected drug- and species-dependent beta-lactam resistance patterns in fecal strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. This was in contrast to our previous findings that ampicillin, but not cefuroxime, contributed to the emergence of beta-lactam resistance also...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.34.2.361
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Azithromycin is an effective treatment for uncomplicated infections with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and serovar Paratyphi A (enteric fever), but there are no clinically validated MIC and disk zone size interpretative guidelines. We studied individual patient data from three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) o...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1128/AAC.04729-14
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical isolates of the Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides fragilis groups were tested for in vitro and in vivo susceptibility to penicillin, clindamycin, and metronidazole, used singly or in combination with gentamicin. The in vitro tests consisted of determinations of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.25.1.71
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diversity and evolution of the class A OXY beta-lactamase from Klebsiella oxytoca were investigated and compared to housekeeping gene diversity. The entire bla(OXY) coding region was sequenced in 18 clinical isolates representative of the four K. oxytoca beta-lactamase gene groups bla(OXY-1) to bla(OXY-4) and of t...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.49.8.3453-3462.2005
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An outbreak of meningococcal disease occurred among basic combat trainees at Fort Lewis, Wash., in the first 3 months of 1971. After five recruits developed meningitis within a 2-week period, 8,721 recruits were given 100 mg of minocycline every 12 hr for 5 days. No new cases of meningococcal disease occurred for almo...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.1.5.397
更新日期:1972-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Doxycycline is reported to impair second-generation parasite schizogony. The effects of doxycycline alone and combined with dihydroartemisinin were investigated in a murine malaria model. Doxycycline lowered the rate of parasite growth within 2 days, with maximum effect in 6 days. Addition of dihydroartemisinin led to...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00529-07
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sequential therapy of caspofungin (CAS) and fluconazole (FLC) administration for treatment of Candida albicans infection was investigated. Treatment with CAS followed by FLC was as effective as CAS treatment given alone for the same duration. Our data suggest that switching from CAS to FLC is a potentially explorabl...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.48.10.4056-4058.2004
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::RU44790 belongs to a new class of synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics which feature a bioisosteric tetrazole moiety instead of the more classical acidic functions at the N-1 position of the beta-lactam ring. Its antibacterial activity was evaluated against some 900 strains and was compared with those of other...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.36.8.1756
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lipopeptidic antibiotic daptomycin is reported to reduce experimental tobramycin nephrotoxicity (D. Beauchamp, M. Pellerin, P. Gourde, M. Pettigrew and M. G. Bergeron, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 34:139-147, 1990; C. A. Wood, H. C. Finkbeiner, S. J. Kohlhepp, P. W. Kohnen, and D. C. Gilbert, Antimicrob. Agents C...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.38.4.742
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tigemonam, a new monobactam with excellent activity against gram-negative bacteria, was evaluated for in vivo efficacy and absorption after oral administration to laboratory animals. Tigemonam is absorbed when administered orally to mice and dogs. In a variety of gram-negative systemic infections in mice, orally admin...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.31.2.226
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Susceptibilities of 121 clinical Helicobacter pylori strains to metronidazole were determined by both a 5-micrograms metronidazole disk diffusion test and a plate dilution method in duplicate and after different periods of incubation. The distribution of MICs of metronidazole against H. pylori among the strains was fo...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.38.10.2357
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Triple antifungal combinations are used against refractory invasive aspergillosis without an adequate understanding of their pharmacodynamic interactions. We initially studied the in vitro triple combination of voriconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin against Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, and A. terreus by a ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00873-06
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a multidrug-resistant pathogen that poses a significant risk to global health today. We have developed a promising new FtsZ-targeting agent (TXA707) with potent activity against MRSA isolates resistant to current standard-of-care antibiotics. We present here result...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00863-17
更新日期:2017-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::One hundred thirty nonimmune subjects living in Yaoundé, Cameroon, completed an 18-month prospective study on the efficacy and safety of weekly chloroquine and daily proguanil (chloroguanide) (Ch-P) in malaria prevention. A total of 9 of 78 Ch-P-treated subjects and 26 of 52 subjects who received no prophylaxis contra...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.35.2.373
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Structure-function relationships in antimicrobial peptides have been extensively investigated in order to obtain improved analogs. Most of these studies have targeted either alpha-helical peptides or beta-sheet peptides with multiple disulfide bridges. Tigerinins are short, nonhelical antimicrobial peptides with a sin...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.46.7.2279-2283.2002
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An in vitro pharmacodynamic model was used to simulate the in vivo pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin and 14-hydroxyclarithromycin in order to generate time-kill curves for three clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae (isolates 2019, 91-183, and 1746). Representative concentrations in serum or lung tissue and the...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.38.9.2003
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed a rapid, continuous method for monitoring the effectiveness of several antibacterial agents in real time, noninvasively, by using a recently described mouse model of chronic biofilm infection (J. L. Kadurugamuwa et al., Infect. Immun. 71:882-890, 2003), which relies on biophotonic imaging of biolumin...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.47.10.3130-3137.2003
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current antimalarials are under continuous threat due to the relentless development of drug resistance by malaria parasites. We previously reported promising in vitro parasite-killing activity with the histone methyltransferase inhibitor BIX-01294 and its analogue TM2-115. Here, we further characterize these diaminoqu...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.04419-14
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acyclovir reduced mortality and organ virus titers in mice inoculated intraperitoneally with 10 50% lethal doses of mouse cytomegalovirus. This susceptibility to acyclovir of a herpesvirus which lacks thymidine kinase is surprising. Alternative phosphorylating enzymes may account for this susceptibility. ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.20.2.275
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy of voriconazole in 107 patients with scedosporiosis was analyzed. Principal infection sites were the lungs/sinuses (24%), central nervous system (CNS) (20%), and bone (18%), while 21% of patients had disseminated infection. Solid organ transplantation (22%), hematological malignancy (21%), and surgery/tra...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01388-07
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::UK-18892 is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, a derivative of kanamycin A structurally related to amikacin. It was found to be active against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, including many gentamicin-resistant strains. The spectrum and degree of activity of UK-18892 were similar to those of amikacin, and differenc...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.14.2.228
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adaptive resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to aminoglycosides is known to occur during chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients in response to nonlethal concentrations of aminoglycosides. Not only is it difficult to achieve high levels of drug throughout the dehydrated mucus in the lung, but also ste...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00935-10
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polyhexylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles loaded with either the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor saquinavir (Ro 31-8959) or the nucleoside analog zalcitabine (2',3'-dideoxycytidine) were prepared by emulsion polymerization and tested for antiviral activity in primary human monocytes/macrophages in vit...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.40.6.1467
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seventy nine strains of Yersinia enterocolitica resistant to one or more antimicrobials were analyzed for integrons. Only class 1 sul1 integrons containing aadA1a (28 strains), aadA1a-dfr1-sat1 (2 strains), and dfr1-aadA1a (1 strain) gene cassettes were found. The first two types were found in clinical isolates belong...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.47.1.421-425.2003
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compare the whole-genome sequences of two multidrug-resistant clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates recovered in the same patient before (ABIsac_ColiS susceptible to colistin and rifampin only) and after (ABIsac_ColiR resistant to colistin and rifampin) treatment with colistin and rifampin. We decipher all the ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01314-12
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacogenetics of antimalarial agents are poorly known, although the application of pharmacogenetics might be critical in optimizing treatment. This population pharmacokinetic-pharmacogenetic study aimed at assessing the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytochrome P450 isoenzyme genes (CYP, n...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01700-12
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are endemic in health care settings. These organisms colonize the gastrointestinal tract and can lead to infection which is associated with increased mortality. There is no treatment for VRE colonization. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1128/AAC.00300-15
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seventeen oral streptococci and 18 enterococci were tested for the presence of DNA sequences homologous to the conjugative transposon Tn916 encoding tetracycline resistance. All the strains were resistant to tetracyclines, including minocycline, and most of them were resistant to other antibiotics. Tn916-like structur...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.36.1.59
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among 477 patients with susceptible Enterobacter spp., 49 subsequently harbored third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacter spp. Broad-spectrum cephalosporins were independent risk factors for resistance (relative risk [OR] = 2.3, P = 0.01); quinolone therapy was protective (OR = 0.4, P = 0.03). There were t...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.45.9.2628-2630.2001
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent endogenous proinflammatory mediator implicated in the pathogenesis of septic shock. A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of an intravenous PAF receptor antagonist (lexipafant) was conducted with 131 adult Thai patients with suspected severe sepsis (66 of whom ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1128/aac.44.3.693-696.2000
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00