Abstract：
:Insulin resistance appears to be a causative mechanism for the development of essential hypertension. Insulin resistance syndrome consists of a cluster of abnormalities that aggravate preexisting tendencies to develop hypertension, resulting in a cascade of physiologic alterations and ultimately leading to increased rates of heart attack, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Like hypertension, NIDD is mediated by insulin resistance and is expressed in individuals with limited beta-cell reserve. Episodes of increased insulin resistance, such as aging, weight gain, and pregnancy, cannot be compensated for in these states, and glucose intolerance results. In the case of pregnancy, the temporary state of insulin resistance unmasks individuals with an early beta-cell defect and allows for identification of high-risk groups at a time when therapeutic interventions could result in primary prevention of disease. Evidence is beginning to accumulate that preeclampsia is at least partially mediated by insulin resistance as well, and that individuals with preeclampsia may have clinically silent but persistent alterations in insulin resistance. If this condition proves a corollary to gestational diabetes, there may be an opportunity to intervene for primary prevention of some forms of essential hypertension as well. The availability of new pharmacologic agents to enhance insulin sensitivity represents a true opportunity effectively to prevent the long-term complications associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. To achieve this goal, early and accurate identification of populations at risk is essential. A complete understanding of the role of insulin resistance in the generation of preeclampsia will aid significantly in the discovery of the genetic polymorphisms and intracellular pathways by which insulin resistance is translated into cardiovascular disease, stroke, and nephropathy.
journal_name
Clin Perinatoljournal_title
Clinics in perinatologyauthors
Berkowitz KMsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-12-01 00:00:00pages
873-85issue
4eissn
0095-5108issn
1557-9840pii
S0095-5108(18)30088-5journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:This article reviews the significance of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and the associated patterns of cerebral injury in the context of the most probable timing of the insult and prognosis. The evolution of the clinical features of significant hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and the diagnostic value of imaging and ...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Healthy People 2000 objectives for breastfeeding were to move the breastfeeding initiation rate to 75% from 54% and the breastfeeding continuation rate to 50% at age 6 months from the 1988 baseline of 21%. The 1996 data indicated that the goal will not be met either for initiation or duration in spite of governmen...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV can be reduced through cesarean delivery prior to the onset of labor and prior to rupture of the membranes (elective cesarean delivery [ECD]). As a result of this evidence, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Department of Health and Hu...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2010.08.013
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Decades of research have led to the understanding of neonatal pulmonary physiology and have influenced the clinical care that neonatologists provide to the sick newborn. Advances in microprocessor technology have allowed for clinical access of the research-based measurements of neonatal pulmonary functions. These eval...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0095-5108(05)70102-0
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulse oximetry, a noninvasive technique of measuring oxygen saturation continuously, is being used increasingly in the intensive care setting. This article provides information regarding physiologic basis and practical aspects of clinical usage of pulse oximetry in the neonate, both in medical and surgical units. ...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Moderate preterm, late preterm, and early term deliveries represent a major and growing public health concern. These deliveries are associated with significant financial burden and pose serious risks to mothers and newborns. Women who deliver at moderate and late gestational ages in one pregnancy are at increased risk...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2013.07.001
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of infection in the pathogenesis of preterm labor and delivery, and the specific mechanisms through which this association is demonstrated are presented. Cellular and biochemical changes that initiate parturition in the setting of infection are discussed, particularly prostaglandins and cytokines. ...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neonatal Cushing syndrome (CS) is most commonly caused by exogenous administration of glucocorticoids and rarely by endogenous hypercortisolemia. CS owing to adrenal lesions is the most common cause of endogenous CS in neonates and infants, and adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) represent most cases. Many ACTs develop in th...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2017.10.002
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nature of perinatal education has been transformed, reflecting the changes in health care and health care consumers. Because of short maternity stays, the venue of most perinatal education, especially postpartum education, has moved from hospitals to other areas, including the home. In light of conflicting finding...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phototherapy is now the preferred method of treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia by virtue of its noninvasive nature and its relative freedom from major complications. It is also convenient, easy to use, and inexpensive in terms of personnel, equipment, and disposals. Long-term experience with phototherapy has de...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Congenital diaphragmatic hernia results in abnormal lung development. There is a global hypoplasia with both lungs affected, the ipsilateral lung more severely. This results in a reduction in the number of bronchial divisions and a decrease in the quantity and maturity of the alveoli. The pneumocytes are dysfunctional...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although it has been customary to treat neonatal jaundice at lower serum bilirubin levels in low-birth weight infants than in term infants, the threshold bilirubin levels and long-term benefits for early treatment of preterm infants have not been validated. This article summarizes and evaluates existing evidence and s...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0095-5108(05)70012-9
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We emphasize again that the prevalence of maternal infections may vary in different populations, and others might arrive at different estimates about the percentage of infants colonized and, concerning those infants colonized, about the percentage with adverse outcomes. Additionally, many women are colonized or infect...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For more than 100 years, three principles have guided the treatment of neonatal asphyxia: maintain body heat, free air passages of obstructions, and stimulate respiration by supplying air to the lungs for oxygenation of the blood. This article addresses the question of which gas, air or 100% oxygen, is best supplied t...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2005.11.003
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Babies of extremely low birthweight and elderly adults both require expensive and scarce resources, and both have a relatively poor prognosis for survival if they require intensive care. Thus, proposals for rationing often target one or both of these groups. We suspected that although mortality rates might be higher i...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating bowel necrosis that predominantly affects preterm infants and is characterized by an imbalance toward a proinflammatory state. Fish oil or omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have the potential to modulate inflammation. In this article, the authors examine th...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2018.09.004
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Current methods of intrapartum surveillance have made little impact on fetal mortality and morbidity while leading to increased caesarean section rates. Near-infrared spectroscopy is a powerful new technique that can continuously measure changes in fetal cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics during labor. Data are pre...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article summarizes new information on the natural history of maternal varicella and maternal parvovirus B19. Controversies in the therapy of respiratory syncytial virus are presented. Prophylactic and therapeutic immunotherapy of neonatal enteroviral disease are reviewed. ...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although therapies in addition to whole-body cooling are being developed to treat the neonate at risk for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, we have no quickly measured serum inflammatory or neuronal biomarkers to acutely and accurately identify brain injury or to follow the efficacy of therapy. This review covers infla...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2016.04.008
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To understand medical disorders such as obstructive apnea, or pulmonary aspiration, one must understand the many functions performed by the upper airway. These functions include respiration, airway protection at the face, feeding, and regulation of thoracoabdominal pressure. The neuromuscular mechanisms that perform t...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Decision-making for extremely immature preterm infants at the margins of viability is ethically, professionally, and emotionally complicated. A standard for prenatal consultation should be developed incorporating assessment of parental decision-making preferences and styles, a communication process involving a recipro...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2011.06.004
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The increased vulnerability of late preterm infants is no longer a novel concept in neonatology, with many studies documenting excess morbidity and mortality in these infants during the birth hospitalization. Because outcomes related to gestational age constitute a continuum, it is important to analyze data from the g...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2013.07.008
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article summarizes the commonly used biomarkers currently available for diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis. The most exciting advances in diagnostic tests were the use of new nucleic acid sequencing techniques (eg, next-generation sequencing) and molecular screening methods (eg, proteomics and microarray anal...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2012.12.005
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Every diagnostic test causes additional cost if not additional risk. The cost and risk are justified if the test result is likely to change what is done for patients. This includes a diagnostic test that does not alter therapy but provides important prognostic information for the parents. Whether the test result chang...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0095-5108(03)00022-8
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a distinct lack of age-appropriate cardiotonic drugs, and adult derived formulations continue to be administered, without evidence-based knowledge on their dosing, safety, efficacy, and long-term effects. Dopamine remains the most commonly studied and prescribed cardiotonic drug in the neonatal intensive care...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2019.02.010
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Congenital lung lesions (CLLs) comprise a heterogeneous group of developmental and histologic entities often diagnosed on screening prenatal ultrasound. Most fetuses with CLL are asymptomatic at birth; however, the risk of malignancy and infection drives the decision to prophylactically resect these lesions. The autho...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2017.08.003
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The American Academy of Pediatrics supports the feeding of human milk for all infants. Very-low-birth-weight and extremely low-birth-weight infants especially can benefit from the immune and neurodevelopmental effects of human milk. However, human milk alone is nutritionally inadequate for the rapid growth of the very...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2014.02.010
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness in the United States. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a relatively new imaging technology capable of imaging ocular structures in cross section at high resolution. We present an age-customized approach to perform Spectral Domain OCT in ne...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2013.02.007
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The signs and symptoms associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and the common scenarios in which NEC is observed are described to help physicians appreciate the breadth of this illness and to aid in the identification and diagnosis of those affected. An outline for medical management of infants with NEC is pre...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twins have higher rates of perinatal mortality, prematurity and its complications, low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, congenital anomalies, and long-term developmental morbidity. Monozygotic twins have lower birth weights and higher rates of congenital anomalies than dizygotic twins, which suggests tha...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
