Abstract：
:The risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV can be reduced through cesarean delivery prior to the onset of labor and prior to rupture of the membranes (elective cesarean delivery [ECD]). As a result of this evidence, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Department of Health and Human Services Panel on Treatment of HIV-Infected Pregnant Women and Prevention of Perinatal Transmission developed guidelines recommending ECD for HIV-infected women with plasma viral loads of more than 1000 copies/mL. Since the release of the recommendations, an increase in ECD has been seen among HIV-infected women in the United States. This article discusses the evidence on efficacy of ECD, current recommendations in the United States, and risks and morbidity related to ECD. Although the benefit of ECD in preventing MTCT of HIV is substantial, some questions remain. Specifically, the benefit of ECD for women with very low viral loads or for women using combination antiretroviral regimens is unclear, as is the timeframe after onset of labor or rupture of membranes within which ECD will still confer preventive benefits.
journal_name
Clin Perinatoljournal_title
Clinics in perinatologyauthors
Legardy-Williams JK,Jamieson DJ,Read JSdoi
10.1016/j.clp.2010.08.013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-12-01 00:00:00pages
777-85, ixissue
4eissn
0095-5108issn
1557-9840pii
S0095-5108(10)00106-5journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:A regionalized system of perinatal care, which draws on the strengths of individual hospitals and corrects any weaknesses, can enhance the level of performance of the community hospital. Although the care of high risk infants takes priority in this system, concern is expressed that routine perinatal care should also r...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
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更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article summarizes the commonly used biomarkers currently available for diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis. The most exciting advances in diagnostic tests were the use of new nucleic acid sequencing techniques (eg, next-generation sequencing) and molecular screening methods (eg, proteomics and microarray anal...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2012.12.005
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The percentage of United States cesarean births increased from 20.7% in 1996 to 31.1% in 2006. Cesarean rates increased for women of all ages, race/ethnic groups, and gestational ages and in all states. Both primary and repeat cesareans have increased. Increases in primary cesareans in cases of "no indicated risk" hav...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2008.03.007
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Every diagnostic test causes additional cost if not additional risk. The cost and risk are justified if the test result is likely to change what is done for patients. This includes a diagnostic test that does not alter therapy but provides important prognostic information for the parents. Whether the test result chang...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0095-5108(03)00022-8
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Complex biochemical consequences are the result of a series of secondary biochemical changes caused by oxygen depletion. Hypoxia in the fetus and neonate results in decreased GI blood flow, especially to the GI mucosa. Although severe O2 deprivation cannot be entirely compensated for, an increase in tissue O2 extracti...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fetal environment is thus well suited for normal growth and development with oxygen availability exceeding oxidative needs. With impairments in blood gas exchange this excess oxygen acts as a "margin of safety," providing for the maintenance of oxidative metabolism through increases in fractional O2 extraction, al...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulmonary hypertension in the newborn infant has many potential causes, and multiple etiologies are common. In this article, the author outlines the basic principles in pathophysiology, classification, and etiology that should be well understood by those who care for neonates with disease processes in which pulmonary ...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:HFV is a mode of therapy that allows gas exchange with pressure fluctuations much lower than that required for conventional ventilation, and may consequently decrease the incidence of barotrauma and chronic lung disease. At present the National Institute of Health is sponsoring the first large controlled trial to test...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article provides a roadmap for your quality measurement journey. It begins with a discussion of 3 approaches to measurement (improvement, accountability and research) and challenges readers to be clear about why they are measuring. Key milestones along the quality measurement journey are then presented and a fram...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2010.01.006
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has gained notoriety recently as a treatment of last resort for neonates at term or near term who suffer from pulmonary failure. Because of serious inherent risks, the procedure is at present reserved for infants with reversible pulmonary disease who have failed conventional ...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2016.07.003
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In patients with chronic renal disease, all advice and decisions must take into account the balance between pregnancy outcome and the long-term impact that pregnancy might have on the disease. To help the clinician address these concerns, the authors focus on the renal changes in normal pregnancy, the problems of chro...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The specific pathologic processes preceding the onset of irreversible cerebral injury seem to be a combination of several complex mechanisms due to the severity and duration of the insult to the biochemical modifications in the brain. An early diagnosis of the newborn at high risk for brain damage is relevant for prev...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2004.03.008
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Congenital lung lesions (CLLs) comprise a heterogeneous group of developmental and histologic entities often diagnosed on screening prenatal ultrasound. Most fetuses with CLL are asymptomatic at birth; however, the risk of malignancy and infection drives the decision to prophylactically resect these lesions. The autho...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2017.08.003
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurologically impaired infants have immature, damaged, or abnormally developed nervous systems that may cause abnormalities of sucking and swallowing, among other problems. Sucking abnormalities usually present as absence of the sucking response, weakness or incoordination of sucking and swallowing, or some combinati...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Congenital lobar emphysema is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening cause of respiratory distress in the newborn. The clinical picture and radiologic findings are diagnostic. Lobectomy in the distressed neonate is curative. In infants with onset of symptoms between one and four months of age surgery may not be ...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evaluation of the craniofacial region is a multistep process. First, sonographic skill and expertise are required to ascertain these often subtle abnormalities. Next, precise measurements must be obtained in appropriate and reproducible planes. Finally, a thorough search for other related fetal anomalies is essent...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0095-5108(05)70054-3
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Preterm birth remains a significant health concern. Maternal reproductive infections such as bacterial vaginosis pose increased risk for preterm birth, although treatment of bacterial vaginosis has not proven to be universally effective in preterm birth prevention. Maternal oral infection such as clinical periodontal ...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2005.05.002
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Discussed in this article are the effects of pregnancy-induced hypertension on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; the possible role of prostanoids, deoxycorticosterone, and deoxycorticosterone sulfate in blood pressure control; and the effect of pregnancy-induced hypertension upon the endocrinology of the mater...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Medical liability coverage has become increasingly expensive and scarce since 2001, especially for obstetrics and other high-risk specialties. Physicians, whose own fees are constrained, see this as a crisis needing tort reform to cap payouts. Plaintiffs' lawyers fight caps; they blame insurance trends and call for st...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2004.11.003
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Healthy People 2000 objectives for breastfeeding were to move the breastfeeding initiation rate to 75% from 54% and the breastfeeding continuation rate to 50% at age 6 months from the 1988 baseline of 21%. The 1996 data indicated that the goal will not be met either for initiation or duration in spite of governmen...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inherited organic acidemias are a group of metabolic disorders currently being described and investigated as gas-liquid chromatography is applied to unexplained diseases of infancy and childhood. Common clinical presentations include attacks of ketoacidosis, unexplained metabolic acidosis, failure of normal developmen...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neonatal sepsis continues to take a devastating toll globally. Although adequate to protect against invasive infection in most newborns, the distinct function of neonatal innate host defense coupled with impairments in adaptive immune responses increases the likelihood of acquiring infection early in life, with subseq...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2010.04.001
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pharmacotherapy for gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in neonates, aimed at interfering with this physiologic process and potentially reducing the negative sequelae that providers often attribute to GER, consists primarily of drugs that increase the viscosity of feeds, reduce stomach acidity, or improve gut motility. Medi...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2011.12.015
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although it has been customary to treat neonatal jaundice at lower serum bilirubin levels in low-birth weight infants than in term infants, the threshold bilirubin levels and long-term benefits for early treatment of preterm infants have not been validated. This article summarizes and evaluates existing evidence and s...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0095-5108(05)70012-9
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Babies of extremely low birthweight and elderly adults both require expensive and scarce resources, and both have a relatively poor prognosis for survival if they require intensive care. Thus, proposals for rationing often target one or both of these groups. We suspected that although mortality rates might be higher i...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of ethical considerations arise with regard to screening for, detecting, and managing fetal anomalies. Some of these considerations involve the need to give attention to emotional distress the pregnant woman might be experiencing. The ethical principle of beneficence gives rise to a duty of the obstetrician t...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0095-5108(02)00083-0
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Outcomes of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) graduates have been categorized by rates of neurodevelopmental impairment at 2 years old. Although useful as metrics for research, these early childhood assessments may underestimate or overestimate later functional capabilities. Often overlooked are less severe but more...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2018.05.008
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ultrasonography has increasingly become essential in the practice of obstetrics and gynecology. Its antenatal use is well described in the literature and is a continuing subject of study. However, the use of ultrasonography in the labor and delivery suite has not been the subject of many articles. The purpose of this ...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
