Abstract:
:The Healthy People 2000 objectives for breastfeeding were to move the breastfeeding initiation rate to 75% from 54% and the breastfeeding continuation rate to 50% at age 6 months from the 1988 baseline of 21%. The 1996 data indicated that the goal will not be met either for initiation or duration in spite of governmental strategic planning and coalition building, the acknowledgement of the benefits of breastfeeding by professional associations, the implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, or the efforts of individual health professionals. Clearly, there is still work to be done. The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative was organized within Baby-Friendly USA too late in the decade to have had any impact on the 1996 data. It may take an additional decade before sufficient hospitals and birthing centers are engaged in the process to make a measurable difference in duration. Work protection legislation was not introduced until 1998. A national breastfeeding committee was not formed until 1998. National breastfeeding promotion programs were still either in the planning stage or in early stages of implementation in 1996. There is no paid maternity leave guaranteed by legislation for women in the United States. The International Code on Marketing has not been addressed, except to propose ways of examining the issue. The blueprints developed by the Surgeon General's Workshop on Breastfeeding and the Call for Action workshop enumerated strategies that will be carried over to the 2010 objectives. New blueprints will be developed to meet the 2010 goals, but it is not enough to strategize and plan. The substantive advantages of breastfeeding make accomplishment of the goals imperative if we are to achieve "health for all."
journal_name
Clin Perinatoljournal_title
Clinics in perinatologyauthors
Cadwell Ksubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-06-01 00:00:00pages
527-37issue
2eissn
0095-5108issn
1557-9840pii
S0095-5108(18)30065-4journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In understanding the various electrolyte disorders associated with respiratory failure, one has to appreciate how the otherwise healthy premature infant maintains extracellular fluid homeostasis. The same physiologic processes that regulate body fluids are affected to varying degrees in the infant with respiratory fai...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current methods of intrapartum surveillance have made little impact on fetal mortality and morbidity while leading to increased caesarean section rates. Near-infrared spectroscopy is a powerful new technique that can continuously measure changes in fetal cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics during labor. Data are pre...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Beta-sympathomimetic agents are used extensively in obstetrics to inhibit premature labor. Knowledge of the pharmacology, mode of action on smooth muscle, and cardiovascular and metabolic side effects of these agents is essential for the obstetrician and perinatologist. This review article draws extensively on recent ...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nutritional support of gastrointestinal growth and function is an important consideration in the clinical care of neonatal infants. In most health infants, the provision of either breast milk or formula seems to support normal intestinal mucosal growth, but the most significant advantages of breast milk may be for...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0095-5108(03)00065-4
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nature of perinatal education has been transformed, reflecting the changes in health care and health care consumers. Because of short maternity stays, the venue of most perinatal education, especially postpartum education, has moved from hospitals to other areas, including the home. In light of conflicting finding...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are structural abnormalities of the heart and great vessels that are present from birth. The presence or absence of extracardiac anomalies has historically been used to identify patients with possible monogenic, chromosomal, or teratogenic CHD causes. These distinctions remain clinicall...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2015.02.009
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stridor, a common presenting sign of respiratory distress in a newborn, has many systemic causes. It may arise from the larynx or the tracheobronchial airway. This article presents the most common pathologic conditions in this anatomic region, with highlights on management. ...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2018.07.015
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The percentage of United States cesarean births increased from 20.7% in 1996 to 31.1% in 2006. Cesarean rates increased for women of all ages, race/ethnic groups, and gestational ages and in all states. Both primary and repeat cesareans have increased. Increases in primary cesareans in cases of "no indicated risk" hav...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2008.03.007
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article provides a roadmap for your quality measurement journey. It begins with a discussion of 3 approaches to measurement (improvement, accountability and research) and challenges readers to be clear about why they are measuring. Key milestones along the quality measurement journey are then presented and a fram...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2010.01.006
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Staphylococci are common pathogens in the neonatal period. Increased survival of premature infants leads to prolonged hospital stay with associated risk factors for developing invasive staphylococcal disease. Challenges of diagnosing coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections result in conflicting definitions and in...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2014.10.013
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In patients with chronic renal disease, all advice and decisions must take into account the balance between pregnancy outcome and the long-term impact that pregnancy might have on the disease. To help the clinician address these concerns, the authors focus on the renal changes in normal pregnancy, the problems of chro...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using the pregnant woman as a means to medicate her fetus represents a new and exciting therapeutic approach in clinical pharmacology. In years to come, we will see an increase in the use of the currently accepted fetal therapies and an increase in the number of therapies available to the caregiver or clinician aimed ...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary hypertension in the newborn infant has many potential causes, and multiple etiologies are common. In this article, the author outlines the basic principles in pathophysiology, classification, and etiology that should be well understood by those who care for neonates with disease processes in which pulmonary ...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a multifactorial disorder that primarily affects premature infants. Human milk compared with formula reduces the incidence of NEC. Feeding practices do not increase the incidence of NEC in preterm infants. There is no evidence supporting continuous versus intermittent tube feedings i...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2012.12.001
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common birth anomaly. Absence or presence of liver herniation and determination of lung-to-head ratio are the most accurate predictors of prognosis for fetuses with CDH. Though open fetal CDH repair has been abandoned, fetal endoscopic balloon tracheal occlusion promotes lung...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2012.04.005
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fetal and neonatal infections can occur at different times during pregnancy, from conception to birth. Infections that take place near the time of conception often destroy the zygote or embryo and only rarely leave definitive evidence. The mother can transmit the infection to her fetus through several routes, but the ...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rhinitis is extremely common during pregnancy, and asthma is one of the most common potentially serious medical problems to complicate pregnancy. Cutaneous allergy (urticaria/angioedema and eczema) also may occur during pregnancy. All of these entities may worsen with pregnancy in some patients and appear to improve i...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normal pregnancy produces profound metabolic alterations that occur, in large part, by the conclusion of the first trimester. Although necessary to support the metabolic needs of the conceptus, the metabolic and cardiovascular changes of pregnancy are well established weeks before the metabolic needs of the fetus and ...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the fact that hypoglycemia is an extremely common disorder of the newborn, consensus has been difficult to reach regarding definition, diagnosis, outcome, and treatment. With improved neuroradiologic techniques, such as MRI and PET scanning becoming increasingly available, studies to determine the correlation ...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0095-5108(02)00054-4
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Every diagnostic test causes additional cost if not additional risk. The cost and risk are justified if the test result is likely to change what is done for patients. This includes a diagnostic test that does not alter therapy but provides important prognostic information for the parents. Whether the test result chang...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0095-5108(03)00022-8
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Congenital cytomegalovirus is the most common viral congenital infection, and affects up to 2% of neonates. Significant sequelae may develop after congenital cytomegalovirus, including hearing loss, cognitive defects, seizures, and death. Zika virus is an emerging virus with perinatal implications; a congenital Zika v...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2018.01.005
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article discusses the management of short bowel syndrome during the neonatal period. It includes information regarding etiology and pathophysiology and parenteral and enteral nutrition therapy. Finally, a discussion of the role of intestinal transplantation in the treatment of short bowel syndrome is included. ...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The newborn infant's skin is not a complete barrier to the absorption of externally applied agents, particularly if it is damaged, diseased, or immature. Immaturity is the most important factor that determines percutaneous absorption. Very immature infants in the early neonatal period have a poorly developed epidermis...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors believe that the literature provides sufficient evidence that antenatal corticosteroid administration is beneficial and safe even in conditions of ruptured membranes. The evidence by now is remarkably robust and one can be reasonably confident regarding the benefits of antenatal corticosteroids in the sett...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0095-5108(03)00078-2
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Emphasis has been placed on engaging parents in processes of shared decision making for delivery room management decisions of critically ill neonates whose outcomes are uncertain and unpredictable. The goal of antenatal consultation should rather be to adapt to parental needs and empower them through a personalized de...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2017.01.006
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preterm births remain a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality despite our efforts over the past several decades. Our improved understanding of the complex mechanisms surrounding preterm labor, however, has resulted in the development of numerous biologic and clinical predictors of spontaneous preterm births....
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0095-5108(05)70021-x
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preterm birth remains a significant health concern. Maternal reproductive infections such as bacterial vaginosis pose increased risk for preterm birth, although treatment of bacterial vaginosis has not proven to be universally effective in preterm birth prevention. Maternal oral infection such as clinical periodontal ...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2005.05.002
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Moderate preterm, late preterm, and early term deliveries represent a major and growing public health concern. These deliveries are associated with significant financial burden and pose serious risks to mothers and newborns. Women who deliver at moderate and late gestational ages in one pregnancy are at increased risk...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2013.07.001
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) encompasses a group of genetic defects. T cell development is universally affected and has alteration of B and/or NK cells. We present the case of a 5-day-old boy with combined heterozygous frame shift (c.256_257del, p.(Lys86Valfs*33)) and missense (c.1186C>T, p.(Arg396Cys)) var...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2019.09.004
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a standard of care for preterm/term newborns effective pain management may improve their clinical and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Neonatal pain is assessed using context-specific, validated, and objective pain methods, despite the limitations of currently available tools. Therapeutic approaches reducing invasive p...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2014.08.010
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00