Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Suicide risk among U.S. military personnel has been increasing over the past decade. Fluid vulnerability theory (FVT; Rudd, 2006) posits that acute suicidal episodes increase in severity when trait-based (e.g., shame) and state-based (e.g., hopelessness) risk factors interact, especially among individuals who have been previously suicidal. In contrast, trait-based protective factors (e.g., pride) should buffer the deleterious effects of risk factors. METHODS:77 active duty military personnel (95% Air Force; 58.4% male, 39.0% female; 67.5% Caucasian, 19.5% African-American, 1.3% Native American, 1.3% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 1.3% Asian, and 5.2% other) engaged in outpatient mental health treatment completed self-report surveys of shame, hopelessness, pride, and suicidal ideation. Multiple generalized regression was utilized to test the associations and interactive effects of shame, hopelessness, and worst-point past suicidal ideation on severity of current suicidal ideation. RESULTS:Shame significantly interacted with hopelessness (B=-0.013, SE=0.004, p<0.001) and worst-point suicidal ideation (B=0.027, SE=0.010, p=0.010), augmenting each variable's effect on severity of current suicidal ideation. A significant three-way interaction among shame, worst-point suicidal ideation, and pride was also observed (B=-0.010, SE=0.0043, p=0.021), indicating that pride buffered the interactive effects of shame with worst-point suicidal ideation. LIMITATIONS:Small sample size, cross-sectional design, and primarily Air Force sample. CONCLUSIONS:Among military outpatients with histories of severe suicidal episodes, pride buffers the effects of hopelessness on current suicidal ideation. Results are consistent with FVT.
journal_name
J Affect Disordjournal_title
Journal of affective disordersauthors
Bryan CJ,Ray-Sannerud B,Morrow CE,Etienne Ndoi
10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-05-01 00:00:00pages
212-6issue
1-3eissn
0165-0327issn
1573-2517pii
S0165-0327(12)00740-9journal_volume
147pub_type
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