Abstract：
BACKGROUND:The potential risks associated with "toilet plume" aerosols produced by flush toilets is a subject of continuing study. This review examines the evidence regarding toilet plume bioaerosol generation and infectious disease transmission. METHODS:The peer-reviewed scientific literature was searched to identify articles related to aerosol production during toilet flushing, as well as epidemiologic studies examining the potential role of toilets in infectious disease outbreaks. RESULTS:The studies demonstrate that potentially infectious aerosols may be produced in substantial quantities during flushing. Aerosolization can continue through multiple flushes to expose subsequent toilet users. Some of the aerosols desiccate to become droplet nuclei and remain adrift in the air currents. However, no studies have yet clearly demonstrated or refuted toilet plume-related disease transmission, and the significance of the risk remains largely uncharacterized. CONCLUSION:Research suggests that toilet plume could play a contributory role in the transmission of infectious diseases. Additional research in multiple areas is warranted to assess the risks posed by toilet plume, especially within health care facilities.
journal_name
Am J Infect Controljournal_title
American journal of infection controlauthors
Johnson DL,Mead KR,Lynch RA,Hirst DVdoi
10.1016/j.ajic.2012.04.330subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-03-01 00:00:00pages
254-8issue
3eissn
0196-6553issn
1527-3296pii
S0196-6553(12)00812-7journal_volume
41pub_type
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journal_title：American journal of infection control
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