Abstract:
:Sections of thymus from New Zealand white rabbits used as controls in 28-day and 91-day percutaneous toxicity studies conducted at different laboratories were morphometrically assessed. Measurements of total thymic area, medullary area, and cortical area were greater for 28-day vs 91-day studies conducted at a given laboratory, but varied from one laboratory to another. Relative thymic measurements (percent medulla, percent cortex, and medulla:cortex ratio) were similar for studies conducted at each laboratory and from one laboratory to another regardless of study duration. A decrease in thymic size occurred between approximately 16 and 25 weeks of age (i.e., 28-day studies vs 91-day studies) due to proportionally equivalent decreases in both the cortical and medullary areas. The consistency of the relative measurements can be used to assist in distinguishing changes in thymic size due to aging from changes in size due to stress or toxicity which would be expected to differentially affect the cortical and medullary areas. Appreciation of the normal variation in thymic size is needed when evaluating results of toxicity testing in rabbits. Data are provided as to the degree of normal variation of rabbit thymic size expected within and across percutaneous toxicity studies, with considerations for interpreting such data.
journal_name
Toxicol Patholjournal_title
Toxicologic pathologyauthors
Maurer JK,Gibbons BA,Bruce RDdoi
10.1177/019262339001800307subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-01-01 00:00:00pages
407-11issue
3eissn
0192-6233issn
1533-1601journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Enzyme histochemistry was assessed in semi-thin glycolmethacrylate sections after 100 mg/kg 2-bromoethanamine (BEA) hydrobromide had been given ip to male Wistar rats to induce renal papillary necrosis. Changes in the proximal tubular marker enzymes alkaline phosphatase (Alk Phos), gamma-glutamytranspeptidase (GGT) an...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262339001800106
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak that started in Wuhan, China, in 2019 resulted in a pandemic not seen for a century, and there is an urgent need to develop safe and efficacious vaccines. The scientific community has made tremendous efforts to understand the disease, and unpara...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0192623320959090
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The preclinical safety of RPR 106541, a novel 17-thiosteroid, was evaluated in young adult and mature dogs by inhalation exposure for 26 weeks and 52 weeks, respectively. A dry powder formulation of RPR 106541 in lactose was administered to young adult dogs (approximately 6 months of age at initiation) at doses of 0 (...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262330002800202
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate pathogenesis of post-bile duct (BD) injury fibrosis, interlobular BD epithelial injury was induced in male F344 rats by a single IP injection of α-naphthylisothiocyanate (75 mg/kg body weight) and rats were observed for 12 days. On days 1 to 2, cholangiocytes were injured and desquamated. On days 3 to 5...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623311413790
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A critical event in embryo development is the proper formation of the vascular system, of which the hepatobiliary system plays a pivotal role. This has led researchers to use transgenic mice to identify the critical steps involved in developmental disorders associated with the hepatobiliary vascular system. Vascular d...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623316630836
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fusion of biologic therapeutics to hyaluronic acid binding proteins, such as the link domain (LD) of Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-Stimulated Gene-6 (TSG-6), is expected to increase vitreous residence time following intravitreal injection and provide for long-acting delivery. The toxicity of a single intravitreal dose o...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
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doi:10.1177/0192623320969124
更新日期:2020-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Absorbable metallic implants have been under investigation for more than a century. Animal and human studies have shown that magnesium (Mg) alloys can be safely used in bioresorbable scaffolds. Several cardiovascular and orthopedic biodegradable metallic devices have recently been approved for use in humans. Bioresorb...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0192623318816936
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to synthetic fibers with employment in textile mills can be associated with an elevated risk of interstitial lung disease (ILD). A mechanism of injury has not been determined. ILD can follow exposures to inorganic fibers (e.g., asbestos) which are associated with a mobilization of iron and catalysis of an oxi...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01926230600932448
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transgenic mouse strains offer the prospect of significant benefits in the in vivo assessment of carcinogenic potential. The European Regulatory Authorities have been supportive of their inclusion as one of the second-test options in the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for the Regis...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/01926230252824879
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the context of human hematopathology, the terms myelodysplasia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) are applied to disorders of hematopoiesis that are clonal, neoplastic, and, in most forms, manifested as ineffective hematopoiesis with characteristic morphologic abnormalities in multiple cell lines. Studies of human...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/01926230390177659
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Direct tissue profiling and imaging mass spectrometry (MS) allow for detailed mapping of the complex protein pattern across a tissue sample. Utilization of these tools provides spatial information across a tissue section for target protein expression and can be used to correlate changes in expression levels with speci...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/01926230590881862
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicology of the male reproductive system has received increased interest in recent years partly fuelled by the growing reports of falling sperm counts and rising reproductive disorders in the human population. Recently revised regulatory guidelines for the safety assessment of pharmaceuticals and chemicals on reprod...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/019262339702500201
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dogs treated with AR-H047108, an imidazopyridine potassium competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), developed clinical signs of hepatic dysfunction as well as morphologically manifest hepatotoxicity in repeat-dose toxicity studies. An investigative one-month study was performed, with interim euthanasia after one and two week...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623308320802
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nephrotoxicity is one of the more common causes of attrition in nonclinical drug development. Like most tissues, the kidney has a limited number of ways of responding to toxicological insults from diverse mechanistic pathways, which can limit the ability to determine mechanisms of renal injury using the assays routine...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623318788302
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatocyte suspensions prepared from inbred male Wistar-Kyoto rats were transplanted to the livers of syngeneic recipients by injection into the portal venous system immediately after partial hepatectomy. Donor cells were labelled with 51Cr in vitro before transplantation. Animals were sacrificed 1 hr, 10 hr, 48 hr, o...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262338701500110
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a simulated fire-related smoke exposure protocol, New Zealand white rabbits were utilized to investigate the potential effects of the 21-aminosteroid (lazaroid) analog U75412E on the early events of acute lung injury. Inhalation of a total of 1.6 mg/kg U75412E aerosolized at a rate of 1.53 mg/min at 0.5 hr after sm...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262339902700309
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The microbiome is increasingly recognized as a critical component in human development, health, and disease. Its relevance to toxicology and pharmacology involves challenges to current concepts related to absorption, metabolism, gene:environment, and pathways of response. Framing testable hypotheses for experimental a...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0192623316672073
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Developmental exposure to estrogenic chemicals is an established risk factor for cancer of the female reproductive tract. This increase in risk has been associated with disruption of normal patterns of cellular differentiation during critical stages of morphogenesis. The goal of this study was to document uterine epit...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623318779326
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kozlowski, C., Brumm, J., and Cain, G. (2018). An Automated Image Analysis Method to Quantify Veterinary Bone Marrow Cellularity on H&E Sections. Tox Path46, 324-335. (Original DOI: 10.1177/0192623318766457). Kozlowski, C., Fullerton, A., Cain, G., Katavolos, P., Bravo, J., and Tarrant, J. M. (2018). Proof of Concept ...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
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更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dose dependence of L-ascorbic acid (AsA) copromotion of urinary bladder carcinogenesis with continuous concomitant administration of NaHCO3 was investigated. In the first experiment, 83 male F344 rats were all given 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) for 4 wk and then divided into 5 groups, which re...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262339702500306
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::When chemicals that are nongenotoxic in conventional assays produce increases in tumor incidence in rodents in chronic bioassays, the determination of the significance of these data for human safety is a challenging task. An important first step in this process is consideration of available data on the mechanism of ac...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/019262339402200206
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262338501300305
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During preclinical investigations into the safety of drugs and chemicals, many are found to interfere with reproductive function in the female rat. This interference is commonly expressed as a change in normal morphology of the reproductive tract or a disturbance in the duration of particular phases of the estrous cyc...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0192623308315665
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seventeen mesotheliomas from 395 untreated male Fischer 344/DuCrj rats were studied by light and electron microscopy to define the morphological characteristics of the tumors. In 16 out of 17 rats, mesotheliomas were observed in the abdominal and/or scrotal sac, and the other one was localized on the pleura. Grossly, ...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262338701500205
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the increasing use of animal-based biomaterials for regenerative medical applications, the need for their safety assessment is paramount. A porcine cholecyst-derived scaffold (CDS), intended as a muscle repair graft, prepared by a nondetergent/enzymatic method was engrafted in a rat abdominal wall defect model. H...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623317752894
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recommendations (best practices) are provided by the Society of Toxicologic Pathology's Adversity Working Group for making consistent interpretations of test article-related effects as "adverse" and assigning a "no observed adverse effect level" (NOAEL) in nonclinical toxicity studies. Adverse is a term indicating "ha...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623315623265
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensitive kidney safety assessment is important for successful drug development in both preclinical and clinical stages. The Food and Drug Administration recently qualified a composite measure of 6 urine creatinine-normalized biomarkers, such as clusterin, cystatin C, kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), N-acetyl-β-d-glu...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623320964391
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies were carried out on microsomes isolated from the highly differentiated (slow-growing) Morris hepatoma 9618A, on microsomes and plasma membranes from the poorly differentiated (fast-growing) Morris hepatoma 3924A, and rat liver used as control. The lipid composition (phospholipid and cholesterol content, degree...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262338401200404
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The B6C3F1 strain of mice is prone to develop liver nodules as animals grow older. This spontaneous tumor development is enhanced by dietary lipotrope deficiency. The present studies were performed to evaluate the liver of the B6C3F1 mice in early periods of lipotrope deficiency and before the nodules appear. Mice wer...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262338501300103
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development process of myelination varies between region and species. Fully myelinated fibers are required if mammalian neural circuits are to function normally. Histology samples at staggered time points throughout the study were examined at days 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 14, 17, 24, 37, and 44. We suggest that the develop...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623313503518
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00