Abstract:
:Toxicology of the male reproductive system has received increased interest in recent years partly fuelled by the growing reports of falling sperm counts and rising reproductive disorders in the human population. Recently revised regulatory guidelines for the safety assessment of pharmaceuticals and chemicals on reproduction and fertility have emphasized the importance of detailed histopathological examination of the testes as a sensitive method for detecting disturbances in spermatogenesis. Unfortunately this has been accompanied by a general confusion regarding a practical approach to undertaking such a detailed examination, particularly in respect to the use of spermatogenic or tubular staging to identify subtle disturbances in spermatogenesis. The ability to identify tubular stages of the spermatogenic cycle in sections of testis plus a good understanding of the spermatogenic process and its dynamics are essential in order to carry out a sensitive of testicular histopathology and to interpret the changes seen. A rational approach is required initially to detect and subsequently to characterize toxic effects to the male reproductive system. It is important that a distinction is made between these two objectives since different study designs are required and different methodology may be employed to produce the type of information or data required.
journal_name
Toxicol Patholjournal_title
Toxicologic pathologyauthors
Creasy DMdoi
10.1177/019262339702500201subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-03-01 00:00:00pages
119-31issue
2eissn
0192-6233issn
1533-1601journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::In a 13-week feeding toxicity study of grape skin extract (GSE) performed previously, 5.0% GSE showed diffuse hypertrophy and basophilia in rat parotid glands. To clarify whether the change in the parotid glands was an adverse effect of GSE, 6-week-old male F344 rats were fed a diet containing 5.0% GSE or were adminis...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623313512429
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In standard toxicity studies, the cardiac conduction tissue is not systematically sampled and examined for histopathological changes. Most methods described use serial sectioning perpendicular to the long axis of the sinoauricular node (SAN) and atrioventricular node (AVN). Dozens of slides are needed to allow examina...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262339502300107
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abstract::The chloracetanilide herbicide alachlor (2-chloro-2',6-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)-acetanilide) induces nasal neoplasms in rats following chronic dietary exposure. The present study sought to identify the cellular origin and mechanisms of tumor induction and progression. Male Long-Evans rats were fed alachlor (0 or 126 ...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262330002800602
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Repeated intraperitoneal injections of crocidolite asbestos fibers induced diffuse malignant mesotheliomas in mice. A series of mesothelial cell lines was isolated from mice at different stages in the development of these tumors. The cell lines isolated from mice with mesotheliomas recapitulated their growth pattern i...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262339702500605
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aroclor 1254, at a dose level of 280 micrograms/kg body weight equivalent to 200 micrograms/kg/day, was given 5 days per week to rhesus monkeys over a 27 to 28 month period. Terminal clinical signs of varying severity included fingernail detachment, exuberant nail beds, weight loss, stomatitis and normocytic anemia. A...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262338601400101
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Novel biomarkers are often required in the preclinical development of biopharmaceuticals in order to characterize pharmacologic and toxicologic effects and to establish pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic relationships. Flow cytometry is uniquely suited for measurement of these biomarkers. Large numbers of single cell...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/019262339902700107
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) from several classes of molecules are currently in drug development. Despite over 20 years of pharmaceutical research, few ASOs have been marketed due to problems with clinical efficacy or preclinical toxicologic challenges. However, a number of recent developments have renewed i...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::The nonnucleoside inhibitor (NNI) of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, PHI-346 (N-[2-(1-cyclohexenyl)ethyl]-N'-[2-(5-bromopyridyl)]-thiourea), is a dual-function spermicidal agent with potent anti-HIV activity against drug-sensitive as well as drug-resistant HIV-1 strains with genotypic and phenotypic NNI resistance. PHI-3...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01926230290168551
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ocular medical devices (MDs) represent a very wide and promising field of human ophthalmology. In preclinical studies evaluating the safety and/or performance of these ocular MDs, the choice of histologic technique and the focus of the histopathologic evaluation method should take into consideration the following aspe...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0192623318813533
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the conduct of in vivo toxicology studies, in-life, clinical pathology, and anatomic pathology parameters are collected and interpreted. These sets of parameters are evaluated in an integrative manner to determine the overall toxicity of a test article. For clinical pathology parameters, the inherent variabilit...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623314555340
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::ISIS 2302 is a phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide with a sequence complementary to the mRNA of human intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). Hybridization of ISIS 2302 to the mRNA inhibits expression of the ICAM-1 protein in response to inflammatory stimuli. A murine active antisense oligonucleotide, ISIS 3082,...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/019262339902700117
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mixed-function oxidase (MFO) induction in the mouse liver results in a rapid and sustained centrilobular hypertrophy associated with a hyperplastic response. In many studies, the long-term sequela of prolonged exposure is an increased incidence of lesions considered to be adenomas. Studies have shown in aged control m...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/019262339602400411
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::2,3-Pentanedione (PD) is a component of artificial butter flavorings. The use of PD is increasing since diacetyl, a major butter flavorant, was associated with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) in workers and has been removed from many products. Because the toxicity of inhaled PD is unknown, these studies were conducted t...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623311431946
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB), its effects on serum and hepatic retinoid, content and liver morphology were investigated in adult female WAG/Rij rats. Animals received a single intraperitoneal injection of either a corn oil vehicle, 15 or 200 mg TCB/kg body weight and were killed at 1, 3, 7, ...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262338901700308
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The toxicity of hydroxyurea, a treatment for specific neoplasms, sickle-cell disease, polycythemia, and thrombocytosis that kills cells in mitosis, was assessed in repeat-dose, oral gavage studies in rats and dogs and a cardiovascular study in telemetered dogs. Hydroxyurea produced hematopoietic, lymphoid, cardiovascu...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623314559103
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Helicobacter hepaticus infection induces sustained inflammation and carcinoma of the liver in A/JCr mice, and serves as a model of human cancers associated with viral hepatitis and H. pylorichronic gastritis. Here we describe the pathogenesis of premalignant disease in A/JCr mice infected with H. hepaticus. We inocula...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01926230490524247
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The title of the 2017 Society of Toxicologic Pathology symposium was "Musculoskeletal System." A brief overview of the General Scientific Symposium is presented herein and describes the topics presented by each speaker. Symposium speakers addressed subjects pertinent to musculoskeletal system toxicologic pathology and...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0192623317738211
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidant generation catalyzed by metals has been postulated to account for a lung injury following exposure to air pollution particles. In particles that are predominantly carbonaceous, it is difficult to implicate such an oxidative stress as the responsible mechanism, since concentrations of metals can be extremely lo...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262330002800416
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Slc:Wistar male rats treated with human natural tumor necrosis factor alpha (hn TNF-alpha, 3 X 10(5) Japan reference units/kg intravenously) for 3 months showed histologic vacuolation of basophils in the anterior pituitary, hyperplasia of the thyroidal follicular epithelium, and hyperplasia of the testicular interstit...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262339902700403
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report demonstrates the advantages of using a noninvasive soft tissue imaging technique--magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)--to monitor liver regeneration after 70% partial hepatectomy in the rat in a longitudinal manner. Six animals were scanned prior to and on 6 subsequent occasions up to 9 days after surgical re...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01926230290105811
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We believe the development and validation of in vitro alternatives to eliminate the need to use animals in ocular irritation testing must be based on a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of ocular irritation. We have recently undertaken the task of developing such an understanding for a panel of surfactants. The...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262339802600206
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The microbiome is increasingly recognized as a critical component in human development, health, and disease. Its relevance to toxicology and pharmacology involves challenges to current concepts related to absorption, metabolism, gene:environment, and pathways of response. Framing testable hypotheses for experimental a...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0192623316672073
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Existing liver perfusion models are largely limited by high degrees of ischemic and reperfusion injury and the lack of standardization. To establish a highly standardized perfusion model and minimize reperfusion injury, a porcine liver perfusion model was developed using an artificial heart pump (Buecherl Artificial H...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01926230590958164
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The two-year rodent bioassay is one of several tests that are widely used by governmental regulatory agencies as well as pharmaceutical and chemical companies to determine the carcinogenic potential of chemicals or environmental agents where human exposure is anticipated. That this assay has remained relatively unchan...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/01926230390201273
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reticulum cell hyperplasia (RCH) was a term used for many years by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) to describe a certain non-neoplastic bone marrow lesion of rats. Retrospective microscopic evaluation of RCH lesions and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to reassess and further characterize these lesio...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623319890610
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Specific regions in the rodent larynx exhibit cellular changes in response to inhaled xenobiotics. These regions include the base of the epiglottis, ventral pouch, and medial surfaces of the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages. There are interspecies differences among laboratory rodents in the microscopic anat...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262339302100604
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::(+/-)-trans-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene (BP-7,8-diol) and 9-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (9-OH-BP) were metabolized by rat liver microsomes in the presence of calf thymus DNA, resulting in preferential DNA binding of fluorescent (+)-anti-BP-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) and 9-OH-BP-4,5-epoxide, respectively. When the ...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
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doi:10.1177/019262338401200211
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) are metabolites of the industrial solvent and environmental contaminant trichloroethylene (TCE), as well as contaminants of chlorinated drinking water. Human exposure to these chemicals is of concern as all three have been shown to increase liver tumor incidence...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
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更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past decade, laser capture microdissection (LCM) has grown as a tool for gene expression profiling of small numbers of cells from tumor samples and of specific cell populations in complex tissues. LCM can be used to study toxicant effects on selected cell populations within the testis at different stages of s...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623314526319
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A comparative study of histochemical detection of eosinophils in fixed murine tissue is lacking. Five histochemical methods previously reported for eosinophil detection were quantitatively and qualitatively compared in an established murine RSV vaccine-enhanced inflammation model. Nonspecific neutrophil staining was e...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623308329342
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00