Abstract：
:Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is used as an indicator of hepatocellular injury. Since ALT consists of two isoenzymes, a better understanding of ALT isoenzyme biology in response to compounds that cause metabolic adaptive versus hepatotoxic responses will allow for a more accurate assessment of the significance of an ALT increase. The purpose of this study was to characterize the ALT isoenzyme response in mice treated with 25 or 75 mg/kg of dexamethasone, which is known to induce a progluconeogenic state, for 24 or 72 hr. Those mice treated with 75 mg/kg for 72 hr showed an increase in total liver ALT activity. Western blot showed that there was an increase in ALT2 at both doses and time points and there was a concurrent increase in ALT2 ribonucleic acid at 24 and 72 hr. The ALT isoenzyme response assessed by an activity assay showed an increase in ALT2. The increases in liver ALT were associated with an increase in liver glycogen and there was no hepatocellular necrosis. There was an increase in total serum ALT activity, although serum isoenzymes were not evaluated. Thus, the authors demonstrated that dexamethasone induced increases in hepatic and serum ALT, which reflect a hepatocellular progluconeogenic metabolic adaptive response.
journal_name
Toxicol Patholjournal_title
Toxicologic pathologyauthors
Reagan WJ,Yang RZ,Park S,Goldstein R,Brees D,Gong DWdoi
10.1177/0192623312447550subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-12-01 00:00:00pages
1117-27issue
8eissn
0192-6233issn
1533-1601pii
0192623312447550journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that is an important signaling enzyme downstream of immunoreceptors containing an intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine activating motif (ITAM). These receptors encompass a wide variety of biological functions involved in autoimmune disease pathogenesis. Th...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0192623316654015
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of novel urinary biomarkers have been identified and partially qualified for use as markers for renal injury in rats. We used two multiplex assays for these novel biomarkers to quantify biomarker concentration in serial urine collections from rats of both sexes administered varying concentrations of cisplatin...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0192623311432436
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Documentation of Chinese materia medica (CMM) dates back to around 1,100 BC when only dozens of drugs were first described. By the end of the 16th century, the number of drugs documented had reached close to 1,900. And by the end of the last century, published records of CMM have reached 12,800 drugs. The recorded tra...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/01926230600773958
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The identification, recording, and interpretation of nasal lesions can be a difficult task in toxicology studies. The objective of this article is to provide some guidelines for approaches to nasal toxicologic pathology, based on the author's experience and information available in the published literature. Identifica...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1177/0192623391019004-103
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiological associations have been made between the new onset of childhood rhinitis/asthma and exposures to elevated ambient levels of ozone, a commonly encountered gaseous air pollutant. Our laboratory was the first to find that mice repeatedly exposed to ozone develop nasal type 2 immunity and eosinophilic rhini...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1177/0192623319873872
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of biodegradable materials is gaining popularity in medicine, especially in orthopedic applications. However, preclinical evaluation of biodegradable materials can be challenging, since they are located in close contact with host tissues and might be implanted for a long period of time. Evaluation of these com...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0192623315600275
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatic changes induced by phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) in the liver of rats were determined by quantitative microscopy. Groups of male Fischer-344 rats were fed either a standard, cereal-based diet (Wayne rodent meal) or a purified diet (AIN-76A) containing PEITC at concentrations of 0.75 and 6.0 mmol/kg for 13 w...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/019262339502300602
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transgenic mouse strains offer the prospect of significant benefits in the in vivo assessment of carcinogenic potential. The European Regulatory Authorities have been supportive of their inclusion as one of the second-test options in the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for the Regis...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/01926230252824879
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The definition of diagnostic thresholds is an important aspect of identification and recording of histopathologic lesions in toxicology studies. Although the primary goal of the pathology examination is to identify and interpret lesions associated with the administration of the test article, the toxicologic pathologis...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0192623312443322
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recommendations (best practices) are provided by the Society of Toxicologic Pathology's Adversity Working Group for making consistent interpretations of test article-related effects as "adverse" and assigning a "no observed adverse effect level" (NOAEL) in nonclinical toxicity studies. Adverse is a term indicating "ha...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0192623315623265
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Histopathology of the reproductive system of 76 young adult Dutch Belted and 22 young adult or adult male New Zealand White rabbits was conducted as part of fertility studies. Thirty-five (46%) of the Dutch Belted and 11 (50%) of the New Zealand White males had multifocal vesicular gland basal epithelial cell atypia a...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/019262338501300309
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glucokinase activators (GKAs) are being developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The toxicity of 4 GKAs (PF-04279405, PF-04651887, piragliatin, and PF-04937319) was assessed in mice, rats, dogs, and/or monkeys. GKAs were administered for 2 to 8 weeks. Standard endpoints, glucose, and insulin were assessed. All ...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0192623314526006
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ISIS 2302 is a phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide with a sequence complementary to the mRNA of human intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). Hybridization of ISIS 2302 to the mRNA inhibits expression of the ICAM-1 protein in response to inflammatory stimuli. A murine active antisense oligonucleotide, ISIS 3082,...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1177/019262339902700117
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Histopathology is a widely used approach to evaluate effects of endocrine-active chemicals in the thyroid. However, effects at an ultrastructural level have hardly been examined in fish thyroids. In the present study, zebrafish was exposed to sublethal concentrations of propylthiouracil (PTU; 0-50 mg/L) and perchlorat...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0192623317721748
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pentostatin, an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of refractory hairy cell leukemia. In a preclinical toxicity study, Wistar rats were administered 0, 1, 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg (0, 6, 60, 150, and 300 mg/m2, respectively) pentostatin intravenously once a week for 26 wk (1.5-75-fold above...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/019262339402200506
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Benzene is of particular concern because of recent research indicating that benzene exposure can result in toxicity. The hematotoxic effect of benzene is mentioned. However, there is little knowledge about the correlation between the biomarker of benzene exposure and changes in red blood cell parameters. Here, the cor...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/01926230601156278
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The toxicities of 2'-fluorouridine (2'-FU) and 2'-fluorocytidine-HCl (2'-FC) were separately evaluated in 2 species, male Fischer 344 (F334) rats and woodchucks. Particular attention was focused on the ability of these nucleosides to induce toxicities similar to those induced by the antiviral drug fialuridine (FIAU). ...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/019262339902700601
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Focal spontaneously occurring eosinophilic hypertrophic cells, histomorphologically resembling oncocytes and hepatocytes, were observed in the pancreas from 11 (0.3%) of 4,177 Sprague-Dawley rats, 3 to 26 months old. The age of these eleven rats ranged from 13 to 25 months. The incidence was not different between sexe...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/019262338701500101
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carcinogenicity testing of antitumor agents in animal bioassays has been proposed because of the potential for carcinogenicity of this class of agents and the expectation that such testing may indicate prospectively the target organs of any related human oncogenesis. The literature reveals the anticipated confirmation...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/019262338501300305
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spontaneous neoplasm rates were determined for control Fischer 344 (F344) rats and B6C3F1 mice from 2-yr rodent carcinogenicity studies carried out by the National Toxicology Program (NTP). The most frequently occurring neoplasms in untreated male F344 rats were testicular adenoma (89.1%), mononuclear cell leukemia (5...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/019262339802600318
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our previous studies showed that protein kinase Cepsilon (PKCepsilon) verexpression in mouse skin resulted in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) elicited by single 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-initiation and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-promotion in the absence of preceding papilloma forma...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/01926230701748164
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Helicobacter hepaticus infection induces sustained inflammation and carcinoma of the liver in A/JCr mice, and serves as a model of human cancers associated with viral hepatitis and H. pylorichronic gastritis. Here we describe the pathogenesis of premalignant disease in A/JCr mice infected with H. hepaticus. We inocula...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/01926230490524247
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a simulated fire-related smoke exposure protocol, New Zealand white rabbits were utilized to investigate the potential effects of the 21-aminosteroid (lazaroid) analog U75412E on the early events of acute lung injury. Inhalation of a total of 1.6 mg/kg U75412E aerosolized at a rate of 1.53 mg/min at 0.5 hr after sm...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/019262339902700309
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pineal gland tumors are very rare brain lesions in rats as well as in other species including humans. A total of 8 (out of 1,360 examined) Wistar rats from 3 different combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity or mere carcinogenicity studies revealed pineal gland tumors. The tumors were regarded to be spontaneous and ...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0192623315572700
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical, pathologic, and analytical records from 200 cattle were reviewed to determine if long-term exposures to elevated fluorides resulted in previously unrecognized or unreported pathologic changes, especially skeletal neoplasia. Animals were part of comprehensive field and laboratory investigations of bovine fluo...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/019262339202000216
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 2019 annual National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium, entitled "Pathology Potpourri," was held in Raleigh, North Carolina, at the Society of Toxicologic Pathology's 38th annual meeting. The goal of this symposium was to present and discuss challenging diagnostic pathology and/or nomenclature issues. This ar...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type：
doi：10.1177/0192623319876929
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The expression of specific cytokeratin (CK) polypeptide patterns is a sensitive marker of the cytoskeletal differentiation of epithelial cells. We developed an immunohistochemical method to assess CK expression patterns in the rat respiratory tract using serial paraffin-embedded sections from the nasal cavity, trachea...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/019262339802600308
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Apoptosis is a highly regulated mechanism of cell death. Although apoptosis has a functional role in normal development and tissue homeostasis, aberrant triggering of the process by toxicants may lead to abnormal function or disease. Low level exposures to toxicants that induce apoptosis in kidney may therefore create...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1177/019262339802600615
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposed to a diverse array of potentially noxious agents, the respiratory tract is protected by a highly developed innate defense system. Physiologically regulated epithelial ion and water transport coordinated with mucin secretion, beating cilia, and cough results in continuous flow of fluid and mucus over airway sur...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/01926230601060025
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In standard toxicity studies, the cardiac conduction tissue is not systematically sampled and examined for histopathological changes. Most methods described use serial sectioning perpendicular to the long axis of the sinoauricular node (SAN) and atrioventricular node (AVN). Dozens of slides are needed to allow examina...
journal_title：Toxicologic pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/019262339502300107
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
