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An exploratory factor analysis of nutritional biomarkers associated with major depression in pregnancy.

Abstract：

OBJECTIVE:Major depressive disorder (MDD) during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Maternal nutritional status may be a modifiable risk factor for antenatal depression. We evaluated the association between patterns in mid-pregnancy nutritional biomarkers and MDD. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study. SETTING:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. SUBJECTS:Women who enrolled at ≤20 weeks' gestation and had a diagnosis of MDD made with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition) at 20-, 30- and 36-week study visits. A total of 135 women contributed 345 person-visits. Non-fasting blood drawn at enrolment was assayed for red cell essential fatty acids, plasma folate, homocysteine and ascorbic acid; serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, retinol, vitamin E, carotenoids, ferritin and soluble transferrin receptors. Nutritional biomarkers were entered into principal components analysis. RESULTS:Three factors emerged: Factor 1, Essential Fatty Acids; Factor 2, Micronutrients; and Factor 3, Carotenoids. MDD was prevalent in 21·5 % of women. In longitudinal multivariable logistic models, there was no association between the Essential Fatty Acids or Micronutrients pattern and MDD either before or after adjustment for employment, education or pre-pregnancy BMI. In unadjusted analysis, women with factor scores for Carotenoids in the middle and upper tertiles were 60 % less likely than women in the bottom tertile to have MDD during pregnancy, but after adjustment for confounders the associations were no longer statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS:While meaningful patterns were derived using nutritional biomarkers, significant associations with MDD were not observed in multivariable adjusted analyses. Larger, more diverse samples are needed to understand nutrition-depression relationships during pregnancy.

journal_name

Public Health Nutr

journal_title

Public health nutrition

authors

Bodnar LM,Wisner KL,Luther JF,Powers RW,Evans RW,Gallaher MJ,Newby PK

doi

10.1017/S1368980011002904

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-06-01 00:00:00

pages

1078-86

issue

eissn

1368-9800

issn

1475-2727

pii

S1368980011002904

journal_volume

pub_type

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An exploratory factor analysis of nutritional biomarkers associated with major depression in pregnancy.