Abstract：
:The concept of brain death has gained importance in the past few decades to prevent futile attempts to sustain ventilation and blood circulation when the brain has lost all function and to procure beneficial tissues or life-saving organs for transplantation. However, differences remain among professional societies and various study group recommendations, as well as among individual legal statutes, in how brain death is defined and the methodology for which the diagnosis is attained. Furthermore, reports have appeared both in the medical literature and the lay press concerning quality assurance measures in brain death documentation. Scintigraphy is a commonly used technique in the evaluation of brain death and can be performed with the use of either nonspecific tracers, such as Tc99m diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid, or brain-specific tracers, such as Tc99m hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime (HMPAO). Planar imaging, with or without radionuclide angiography, continues to be the mainstay for the scintigraphic confirmation of brain death. Flow with multiprojection static planar imaging with the use of Tc99m HMPAO can be used to evaluate the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellum. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can provide cross-sectional information but can be difficult to perform in the context of brain death. The current use of SPECT primarily is supplemental to help differentiate overlying scalp from intracerebral activity. The reliability of SPECT to exclude flow and metabolism in the brainstem remains to be scientifically validated.
journal_name
Semin Nucl Medjournal_title
Seminars in nuclear medicineauthors
Sinha P,Conrad GRdoi
10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2011.07.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-01-01 00:00:00pages
27-32issue
1eissn
0001-2998issn
1558-4623pii
S0001-2998(11)00098-5journal_volume
42pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Several antineuroblastoma monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) have been described and two have been used in radioimmunoimaging and radioimmunotherapy in patients. MoAb 3F8 is a murine IgG3 antibody specific for the ganglioside GD2. Radioiodine-labeled 3F8 has been shown to specifically target human neuroblastoma in patients...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(89)80021-2
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the last few years there has been a remarkable increase in the amount of clinical data in the average hospital chart, and more and more problem-solving algorithms have been developed. We need better "thinking tools" to help us handle the flow of information. The term "clinical decision making" is used to describe a...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2010.05.001
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:99mTc-PYP myocardial scintigrams represent a means to detect and localize acute myocardial necrosis. These scintigrams are expected to be abnormal with acute myocardial infarcts of at least 3 grams in weight if serial imaging is utilized and proper attention to technique is provided. Any etiology of myocardial necrosi...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(80)80029-8
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The process of discovering and developing a new pharmaceutical is a long, difficult, and risky process that requires numerous resources. Molecular imaging techniques such as PET have recently become a useful tool for making decisions along a drug candidate's development timeline. PET is a translational, noninvasive im...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2017.05.006
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Positron emission tomography (PET) of local cerebral glucose utilization is highly sensitive in detecting epileptogenic regions that correspond to electrographic localization in patients with epilepsy. In medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy for which surgical resection of the epileptogenic zone is a therapeuti...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(05)80119-9
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the early 1970s, when Seminars in Nuclear Medicine started publication, little was known about the quality of reporting in biomedical journals. Senior scholars were invited to become scientific editors of journals based on their research credibility and stature. Their knowledge of journalology (publication science)...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2018.11.009
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the major mechanisms of implementing the International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) programs in nuclear medicine has been through coordinated research projects (CRPs). In recent years, the IAEA has initiated a new type of CRP, called Doctoral CRP, in an attempt to further improve the effectiveness of its progr...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2007.10.001
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Much efficacy is gained in clinical practice if a single agent can be used for both diagnosis and therapy, a practice termed theranostics. Metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG), a norepinephrine analogue with high sensitivity and specificity for neuroblastoma, is an exemplar of theranostics. The physiologic biodistribution o...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2016.02.002
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The accumulation of radioactive tracer is associated with specific histological changes. Awareness of these changes permits a more specific interpretation of a positive bone scan, especially when correlating the radionuclide image with the plain radiographs. Increased uptake in the flow phase of an imaging study usual...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(97)80003-7
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epilepsy is the most common serious brain disorder in children, occurring in all parts of the world and within every stratum of the population. Through its effects, it exerts a significant physical, psychological, economic, and social toll on children and their caregivers. Historically, the surgical treatment of epile...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2012.06.005
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is the radiotracer used in the vast majority of positron emission tomography (PET) cancer studies. FDG is a powerful radiotracer that provides valuable data in many cancer types. Normal FDG biodistribution is easily identified. In the PET-only era, physiological uptake provided important...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2010.02.001
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While 99mTc sulfur colloid imaging, because of its availability and convenience, remains the initial procedure of choice for spleen imaging, selective spleen scanning with damaged 99mTc-labeled RBCs can provide additional information in some cases. These cases include overlapping left hepatic lobe and suspected spleni...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(85)80004-0
更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The remarkable progress in immunologic techniques in the development of monoclonal antibodies offers the potential for powerful new tools for the detection of cardiovascular disorders, such as acute myocardial necrosis and acute deep venous thrombosis, in an accurate, safe, and noninvasive manner. Historically the use...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(05)80094-7
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heart failure presents a significant problem in industrialized countries, with a high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality, where it is most frequently caused by coronary artery disease. Revascularization in patients with symptomatic heart failure has been associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes. Predictors o...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2014.07.003
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review describes general concepts with regard to radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic or therapeutic applications that help to understand the specific challenges encountered during the design, (radio)synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation and clinical translation of novel radiopharmaceuticals. The design of a ...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2019.07.001
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Assessment of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) is useful in the evaluation of cerebral vascular disease. However, a single resting study has limitations in that a normal rCBF may be present with diminished cerebral vascular flow reserve and regions of decreased rCBF may be seen with diaschisis or selective neuronal...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(05)80052-2
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Up to 25% of the diabetic population is at risk for developing a pedal ulcer. These ulcers serve as a portal of entry for osteomyelitis and overlie more than 90% of diabetic pedal osteomyelitis cases. The diagnosis of osteomyelitis often is overlooked, and imaging studies are an essential part of the evaluation. The m...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2008.08.006
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:New software methods that incorporate iterative reconstruction, resolution recovery, and noise compensation now provide the ability to maintain or improve myocardial perfusion SPECT image quality with conventional sodium iodide cameras. Despite lower image counting statistics associated with significantly decreased in...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2014.04.001
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review is directed at the clinically useful highlights of ultrasound and radionuclide testing in adults with coronary and valvular heart disease, intracardiac shunts, and hypertrophic and congestive cardiomyopathies. As a clinical toto, the radionuclide procedures are currently more useful than ultrasound examina...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(80)80031-6
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The radionuclide (99m)Tc-MDP bone scan is one of the most commonly performed nuclear medicine studies and helps in the diagnosis of different pathologies relating to the musculoskeletal system. With its increasing utility in clinical practice, it becomes more important to be aware of various limitations of this imagin...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2015.02.002
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prospective delineation of viable from nonviable myocardium in patients with coronary artery disease in an important factor in deciding whether a patient should be revascularized or treated medically. Two common techniques--single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron-emission computed tomography (P...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(96)80007-9
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Molecular imaging has revolutionized clinical oncology by imaging-specific facets of cancer biology. Through noninvasive measurements of tumor physiology, targeted radiotracers can serve as biomarkers for disease characterization, prognosis, response assessment, and predicting long-term response/survival. In turn, the...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.07.002
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The diphosphonate bone scan is ideally suited to assess many global, focal or multifocal metabolic bone disorders and there remains a role for conventional bone scintigraphy in metabolic bone disorders at diagnosis, investigation of complications, and treatment response assessment. In contrast, the role of bone scinti...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2009.08.002
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review summarizes the role of SPECT/CT in patients with a painful postoperative knee and describes typical diagnostic criteria in these patients. Pain after knee surgery is common and is influenced by the underlying pathology, the type of surgery, and the patient. Knee joint-preserving surgery includes osteotomy,...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2018.05.003
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The definition of tumor involved volumes in patients with head and neck cancer poses great challenges with the increasing use of highly conformal radiotherapy techniques eg, volumetric modulated arc therapy and intensity modulated proton therapy. The risk of underdosing the tumor might increase unless great care is ta...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.07.010
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning has been a powerful research tool since its inception. Changes in the marketplace that have allowed PET to move into the clinical environment include the commercial availability of appropriate radiopharmaceuticals, reimbursement of procedures by insurance companies, and incr...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/snuc.2000.9544
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bone metastases are associated with increased morbidity and poor prognosis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Since 2010, 5 systemic therapies for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration based on an improvement in overall survival, offering altern...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2014.07.006
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rhenium-186 (tin)hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (HEDP) is a new radiopharmaceutical that localizes in skeletal metastases in patients with advanced cancer. A single intravenous administration of approximately 34 mCi (1,258 MBq) resulted in significant improvement in pain in 33 of 43 evaluable patients (77%) following...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(05)80155-2
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Graft infection following prosthetic vascular reconstruction is an uncommon but severe complication. The clinical presentation is often subtle and nonspecific and may occur long after surgery. Although defining a prosthetic vascular graft infection can be difficult, early diagnosis and treatment are essential for the ...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2013.04.004
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The radioimmunoassay of digoxin is one of the most important services of the nuclear medicine laboratory. Precision and accuracy in the performance of the test are especially critical. A number of commerical kits are available and reliable. Pitfalls to be avoided includelimited availability or delay in performance of ...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(75)80010-9
更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00
