Abstract:
:N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are tetrameric ion channels containing two of four possible GluN2 subunits. These receptors have been implicated for decades in neurological diseases such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, dementia and schizophrenia. The GluN2 subunits substantially contribute to functional diversity of NMDA receptors and are distinctly expressed during development and among brain regions. Thus, subunit-selective antagonists and modulators that differentially target the GluN2 subunit might provide an opportunity to pharmacologically modify the function of select groups of neurons for therapeutic gain. A flurry of clinical, functional and chemical studies have together reinvigorated efforts to identify subunit-selective modulators of NMDA receptor function, resulting in a handful of new compounds that appear to act at novel sites. Here, we review the properties of new emerging classes of subunit-selective NMDA receptor modulators, which we predict will mark the beginning of a productive period of progress for NMDA receptor pharmacology.
journal_name
Trends Pharmacol Scijournal_title
Trends in pharmacological sciencesauthors
Ogden KK,Traynelis SFdoi
10.1016/j.tips.2011.08.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-12-01 00:00:00pages
726-33issue
12eissn
0165-6147issn
1873-3735pii
S0165-6147(11)00151-9journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (siglecs) comprise a family of receptors that are differentially expressed on leukocytes and other immune cells. The restricted expression of several siglecs to one or a few cell types makes them attractive targets for cell-directed therapies. The anti-CD33 (also kno...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2009.02.005
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) has been shown, using different techniques, to mobilize intracellular Ca2+ stores in invertebrate, lower vertebrate, plant and mammalian cells. This endogenous molecule might play an atypical role in Ca2+ signalling by coordinating the responses of other ...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0165-6147(00)01990-8
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a hydrolytic enzyme that recognizes as substrates and inactivates the two most studied endocannabinoids, anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Following the observation that endocannabinoids produced by tissues during pathological conditions often have protective roles, FAA...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2008.03.001
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the cloning and expression of many of the G protein-coupled receptors during the 1980s, there has been a massive increase in our understanding of many aspects of their function. The use of molecular biology to engineer and express mutant receptors has made it possible to determine key amino acids involved in rec...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0165-6147(98)01231-0
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intercellular transfer of proteins is a mode of communication between cells that is crucial for certain physiological processes. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for approximately 50% of all cancers. However, multidrug resistance mediated by drug-efflux pumps such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp) minimizes the effective...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2005.06.001
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuromodulin is a neurospecific calmodulin binding protein that is implicated in neurite extension, axonal elongation and long-term potentiation. Yuechueng Liu and Daniel Storm propose that neuromodulin binds and concentrates calmodulin on growth cone membranes and that stimulation of protein kinase C releases high lo...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0165-6147(90)90195-e
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vascular endothelium is a remarkably heterogeneous organ. In addition to well-characterized anatomical diversity in situ, specific differences are increasingly being recognized between surface antigens on endothelial cells from different tissues, including absence of the classic endothelial marker factor VIII-rela...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0165-6147(91)90637-8
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The imbalance theory proposes that arterial thrombosis is dependent on a ratio or balance between the cyclooxygenase (COX)-1-dependent generation of thromboxane in platelets and the COX-2-dependent generation of prostacyclin in the endothelium. Accordingly, by reducing endothelium-derived prostacyclin levels, selectiv...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2007.01.003
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy of the powerful CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing platform depends on DNA repair activities in the cells being targeted. Two new papers show that the low efficiency of targeting in some primary human cell lines is the result of p53-dependent cell arrest in response to the Cas9-induced break. This limitation must...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2018.06.005
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recruitment of leukocytes either during development or to the site of injury is crucial. The molecular regulation of cell trafficking is complex but well orchestrated by the temporal and spatial expression of a multitude of chemokines (chemoattractant cytokines) and chemokine receptors. The chemokines, classified prim...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0165-6147(99)01342-5
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dimerization is fairly common in the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. First attempts to rationalize this phenomenon gave rise to an idea that two receptors in a dimer could be necessary to bind a single molecule of G protein or arrestin. Although GPCRs, G proteins and arrestins were crystallized only in ...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2008.02.004
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) has attracted the attention both of the scientific community and a general audience because of its prosocial effects in mammals, and OT is now seen as a facilitator of mammalian species propagation. Furthermore, OT is a candidate for the treatment of social deficits in sever...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2017.08.005
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The British Pharmacological Society (BPS) is currently celebrating its 75th anniversary. It is therefore a young society compared with some other biomedical societies and particularly when compared with the origins of the oldest learned societies. In this article, I briefly review the origins of learned societies and ...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2006.01.001
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inter-organelle signaling plays important roles in many physiological functions. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrion signaling affects intramitochondrial calcium (Ca(2+)) homeostasis and cellular bioenergetics. ER-nucleus signaling attenuates ER stress. ER-plasma membrane signaling regulates cytosolic Ca(2+) home...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2010.08.007
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current medicines for the clinical management of inflammatory diseases act by inhibiting specific enzymes or antagonising specific receptors or blocking their ligands. In the past decade, a new paradigm in our understanding of the inflammatory process has emerged with the appreciation of genetic, molecular, and cellul...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2015.07.007
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pairing orphan G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to potential ligands found in tissue extracts or in libraries of synthetic compounds has identified an ever-increasing number of transmitters, some of which are novel, some of which were previously known and, more recently, some of which are unexpected. These discover...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2004.11.005
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) enzymes metabolize a wide variety of xenobiotics including many drugs. Because CYP3A is localized in both the liver and intestine, it can make a major contribution to the presystemic elimination of substrate drugs after oral administration ('first-pass metabolism'). However, assessments of t...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2009.02.003
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vascular system is rich in G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), particularly Class 1 GPCRs, which are activated by an eclectic range of chemical entities including peptides. These chemical messengers can function in blood vessels as directly acting vasoconstrictors, directly acting vasodilators or indirectly actin...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2005.07.007
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1964, the psychoactive ingredient of Cannabis sativa, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), was isolated. Nearly 30 years later the endogenous counterparts of THC, collectively termed endocannabinoids (eCBs), were discovered: N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide) (AEA) in 1992 and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in 1995...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2015.02.008
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is an endogenous protein known to have potent anti-inflammatory properties in the peripheral system. It has also been detected in the brain, but its function there is still ambiguous. In this review, we have, for the first time, collated the evidence currently available on the function of ANXA1 in t...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2007.12.003
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacology as a modern science was introduced in China approximately 150 years ago, and has been used since then to study traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Pharmacology has experienced its own development over this time and continues to provide new tools for the study of TCM. In the present review, three models fo...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2013.09.004
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apoptosis is an area of intense scientific interest, which encompasses the study of and triggers mechanisms involved in mediating the cell biology of programmed cell death. A number of low molecular weight compounds have been used to inhibit or enhance this fundamental cellular process and so apoptosis has now become ...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0165-6147(98)01277-2
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kinin B1 and B2 receptors are central to the aetiology of pain and inflammation. Constitutive B2 receptors are commonly associated with the acute phase of inflammation and nociception, whereas the inducible B1 receptors are mostly linked to the chronic or persistent phase (or both). Therefore, selective, orally active...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2006.10.007
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::For many years the prevailing view of how steroid hormone receptors exert their effects on gene transcription has been that these intracellular receptor proteins, upon association with their specific cognate ligands, undergo a transformation to a state where they are capable of interacting with chromatin and regulatin...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0165-6147(92)90099-r
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cannabis (marijuana) is not only a frequently abused drug but also has the potential for the development of useful agents for the treatment of emesis, anorexia and multiple sclerosis. In this article, the effects of modulation of transmitter release by cannabinoids in both the CNS and the PNS of various species, inclu...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0165-6147(00)01805-8
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension is prevalent and affects approximately 1 in every 4 adults in the Western world. Although many drugs are effective in treating hypertension, an individual's response to treatment is unpredictable. Pharmacogenetics holds the promise of becoming a tool to predict this response but obstacles and shortcomings...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2005.07.008
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Degradation of heme requires its conversion to biliverdin (BV) by heme oxygenase, followed by reduction of BV to the free-radical quencher bilirubin (BR) by biliverdin reductase (BVR). It is now recognized that human BVR (hBVR) is a dual-specificity kinase (Ser/Thr and Tyr) upstream activator of the insulin/insulin gr...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2008.12.003
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::All currently available general anesthetics produce potentially deadly side effects. Unfortunately, few approaches have been developed to design safer ones, despite important advances in anesthetic mechanisms research. Cayla and colleagues recently showed that computational methods can be used to identify anesthetic l...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2019.09.001
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally accepted that muscle wasting is caused by an increase in protein breakdown which seems to be associated with an ATP-dependent, non-lysosomal proteolytic system based on conjugation of proteins to the small polypeptide ubiquitin. Increases in ubiquitin conjugates and in ubiquitin mRNAs are found in the ...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0165-6147(96)10021-3
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable disease that arises from the progressive loss of motoneurons. Even when caused by a single gene defect, as in the case of mutations in the enzyme Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), ALS is the result of a complex cascade that involves crosstalk among motoneurons, glia...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2006.03.009
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00