Abstract:
:Injecting drug users (IDUs) account for most new HCV infections. The objectives of this study were: to estimate the force of infection for hepatitis C virus in IDUs within the interval-censoring framework and to determine the impact of risk factors such as frequency of injection, drug injected, sharing of syringes and time of first injection on the time to HCV infection. We used data from the Amsterdam Cohort Study collected in The Netherlands and focused on those individuals who were HCV negative upon entry into the study. Based on the results, the force of infection was found to vary with time of first injection. The risk of infection was higher in the first 3 years of an IDU's career, implying estimates based on single cross-sectional studies could be biased. Frequency of injection and type of drug injected were found to be highly significant predictors, whereas sharing syringes was not.
journal_name
Epidemiol Infectjournal_title
Epidemiology and infectionauthors
Castro-Sánchez A,Shkedy Z,Hens N,Aerts M,Geskus R,Prins M,Wiessing L,Kretzschmar Mdoi
10.1017/S0950268811001750subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-06-01 00:00:00pages
1064-74issue
6eissn
0950-2688issn
1469-4409pii
S0950268811001750journal_volume
140pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) is reported to decrease the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. To determine the annual incidence of CAP before the introduction of PCV7, we counted the number of children hospitalized with CAP between 2008 and 2009 in Chiba City, Japan. We in...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268811001592
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A matched and serologically confirmed case-control study was carried out to investigate the source of an outbreak of acute hepatitis involving 290,000 cases in the suburbs of Shanghai, in January 1988. A total of 132 patients with acute hepatitis from six different hospitals were chosen as cases and the same number of...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800049347
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clusters of Salmonella Enteritidis cases were identified by the Minnesota Department of Health using both pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) single nucleotide polymorphism analysis from 1 January 2015 through 31 December 2017. The median turnaround time for obtaining WGS results ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268820001272
更新日期:2020-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::Studying the epidemiology of pertussis and impact of differing vaccine schedules is difficult because of differing methods of case ascertainment. The advent of internationally standardized serological diagnosis for recent infection has allowed comparison of age-specific pertussis infection among European countries and...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026880600625X
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microsporida are known as opportunistic unicellular organisms and have recently been reclassified as fungi that have been frequently reported from patients with congenital and acquired immunity failure disorders, worldwide. However, use of immunosuppressive medications in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients sign...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268817000954
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) outbreaks in pigs are associated with increased susceptibility of pigs to secondary bacterial infections, including Streptococcus suis - an important zoonotic pathogen causing bacterial meningitis in humans. This case-control study examined the association between h...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268815000990
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This longitudinal field study investigated the hypothesis that persistently high antibody levels indicate a high risk of Salmonella Dublin shedding in animals in 14 endemically infected dairy herds. A hierarchical multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse 6614 paired faecal cultures and four types of tempo...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268812002579
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of Legionella spp. in the water of a Portuguese spa was ascertained during the spa season, between May and November. Simultaneously the prevalence of anti-legionella antibodies in people attending the spa was also investigated. The antibody titres of 172 randomly selected patients and 42 therapists were d...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800058143
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following an extensive contact tracing exercise at a school in a London borough with one of highest tuberculosis (TB) rates in England, we estimated the background prevalence of latent TB infection to be significantly less than the widely accepted 10%. We screened 271 pupils aged 14-15 years in two groups: 96 pupils i...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268818002327
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to identify risk factors and assess the impact of coincidental antibiotic therapy on carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Index children from birth to 3 years and their households were recruited from primary health-care registers in four UK general practices. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken monthly f...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268808001143
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::During a survey of foal diarrhoea between 1991 and 1994, Clostridium perfringens was significantly associated with disease with 56% of cases infected [1]. The contribution of enterotoxigenic C. perfringens to this association, was assessed by use of the reverse passive latex agglutination test for enterotoxin (RPLA; O...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268897008534
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The subtypes of Campylobacter isolates from human infections in two Danish counties were compared to isolates from retail food samples and faecal samples from chickens, pigs and cattle. During a 1-year period, 1285 Campylobacter isolates from these sources were typed by two methods: 'Penner' heat-stable serotyping and...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268805005509
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on the incidence of pneumococcal meningitis (PM) in children is unknown. To determine this impact, a descriptive multicentre retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2008 to 2013 in northern France. All laboratory-confirmed PM in children aged <18...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1017/S095026881500179X
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Incidence data by age of new episodes of influenza-like illness reported by sentinel general practice networks in England and Wales and in The Netherlands over a 10-year period were examined to provide estimates of the consulting population during influenza epidemic periods. Baseline levels of recording in each age gr...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899003660
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::An outbreak of legionellosis associated with a hotel in Sydney, Australia, and the subsequent epidemiological and environmental investigations are described. Four cases of Legionnaires' disease were notified to the Public Health Unit. A cross-sectional study of 184 people who attended a seminar at the hotel was carrie...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800052420
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epidemiological data on shigellosis in Teknaf, a coastal area of Bangladesh, were reviewed for a 10-year period (1975-84). Certain similarities and differences were observed in the epidemiology of the disease in Teknaf when compared with urban Dhaka and rural Matlab. Similarities included: round-the-year infection...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800047622
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Public Health England conducts enhanced national surveillance of tetanus, a potentially life-threatening vaccine-preventable disease. A standardized questionnaire was used to ascertain clinical and demographic details of individuals reported with clinically suspected tetanus. The 96 cases identified between 2001 and 2...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026881600128X
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A retrospective analysis of levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen in 1419 health care workers was carried out to compare the efficacy of intramuscular and intradermal administration of plasma derived and recombinant hepatitis B vaccines. No significant difference was detected between the response to intrad...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800050792
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can be spread by a variety of mechanisms, including wind. Simulation models, developed to predict the risk of airborne spread, have played an important part in decision making in some outbreaks. The amount of airborne virus excreted as well as the minimal infectious dose (MID) of FM...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801006501
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We systematically investigated risk factors for typhoid fever in Kamalapur, a poor urban area of Bangladesh, to inform targeted public health measures for its control. We interviewed patients with typhoid fever and two age-matched controls per case about exposures during the 14 days before the onset of illness. The mu...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268806007114
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to examine trends in incidence, geographical distribution, and survival of classic and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in the general US population using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) tumour registries with 12 066 patients diagnosed with KS between 1975 and 2005. Although the a...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268812000325
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Roughly half (54%) of the 910 young conscripts at a garrison in Finland were vaccinated with commercial influenza vaccines in autumn 1998. During the influenza outbreak in February 1999, 12 H3N2-subtype virus strains were isolated from vaccinated patients, and 11 such strains were isolated from unvaccinated patients. ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802007410
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Information about the changing epidemiology of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in hospitals in China over the past decade remains largely unknown. This study examined the susceptibility patterns and trends of drug-resistant TB cases in the 309 Hospital in Beijing, China. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were retro...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268810003158
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of Cpo I-digested genomic DNA and ribotyping (Bgl I) were applied to 60 Vibrio cholerae strains including 48 V. cholerae O139 from Thailand to compare their value in differentiating strains of the present V. cholerae O139 epidemic. PFGE patterns were divided into groups A and B ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800001126
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection of beef calves at weaning, prior to arrival at the feedlot or mixing with cattle from other sources. Fifteen range cow-calf herds, which weaned calves in October and November, were sampled in Kansas, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska a...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899002757
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Legionnaires' disease (LD) is a major cause of severe community-acquired pneumonia but the source and mode of transmission are not always apparent, especially in sporadic cases. We hypothesized that LD can be acquired from the air-conditioning systems of motor cars. Swabs were taken from the evaporator compartments of...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268809002568
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enzyme immunoassays (EIA) for IgG and IgM antibodies against influenza A and B virus are described. One hundred and seven subjects with a clinical diagnosis of acute respiratory infection (influenza, bronchitis or pneumonia) were selected for this study during two epidemics of influenza A which occurred in Finland in ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800066863
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We aimed to provide a quantitative description of decay in pertussis antibody levels to aid in finding a serological estimate of the incidence of pertussis. The serum IgG response against pertussis toxin was studied in a group of clinically diagnosed patients. Individual records consisted of repeated serum IgG measure...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802007896
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological evidence suggests that monoclonal antibody type 2 positive (MAB 2+) Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (LP1) more often causes disease than do MAB 2- isolates, and there is evidence that MAB 2- LP1 grow less well in cells than do MAB 2+ bacteria. We tested the intracellular growth rates of ten randomly...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026880005723x
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Australia's National Immunisation Program (NIP) provides free influenza vaccination for children at high risk of severe influenza; a pilot-funded programme for vaccine in all children aged 6 months to <5 years in one of eight states, has seen poor vaccine impact, related to recent vaccine safety concerns. This retrosp...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816003381
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00