Abstract:
:Extracellular recordings were conducted in the paraflocculus of anesthetized Long-Evans pigmented rats to determine how ionotophoresis of norepinephrine (NE) affects the responsiveness of individual Purkinje cells and interneurons to presentations of visual stimuli within their visual receptive fields. Presentations of moving or stationary visual stimuli during the control (pre-NE) period elicited simple spike excitations or inhibitory responses in slightly more than one-half (55%, n = 32) of the cells tested (20 of 38 Purkinje cells, 12 of 20 interneurons). The predominant effect of NE iontophoresis was to improve visually evoked responses in those neurons which showed modulations in their simple spike discharge to control presentations of visual stimuli. A clear enhancement of visual responses by NE (i.e., absolute increase over control) was observed in 18 of the units, and in 12 of the 14 remaining cells, reductions in stimulus-bound discharge during catecholamine iontophoresis were accompanied by much larger depressions in background activity, resulting in a net enhancement in the ratio of signal-to-noise. NE differentially affected responses to stimulus movement in the preferred and non-preferred direction in one-third of these neurons, such that directional selectivity was increased. However, the orientation bias of individual units was unchanged by NE. Iontophoretic application of the beta-adrenergic antagonist sotalol but not the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine blocked these facilitating noradrenergic effects. An additional feature of noradrenergic action was revealed in tests conducted in 26 cells which did not respond to control presentations of visual stimuli. Iontophoresis of NE resulted in the elicitation of visual responses in 11 of these units, suggesting the possibility that NE might act in some cases to gate the efficacy of subliminal synaptic input conveyed by classical afferent channels. It is proposed that an important aspect of noradrenergic action within local cerebellar circuits might be to refine the receptive field properties of individual neuronal elements and thereby improve information flow through the cerebellum.
journal_name
Brain Resjournal_title
Brain researchauthors
Moises HC,Burne RA,Woodward DJdoi
10.1016/0006-8993(90)91421-csubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-04-30 00:00:00pages
259-75issue
2eissn
0006-8993issn
1872-6240pii
0006-8993(90)91421-Cjournal_volume
514pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BRAIN RESEARCH文献大全abstract::To study the regulation of striatal acetylcholine (ACH) release, adult male rat striata were dissociated and incubated with 3H-choline to synthesize 3H-ACH. Fractional 3H-ACH efflux per min during continuous perifusion was: (1) tightly regulated; (2) dependent on calcium influx; (3) stimulated by 10 mM K+ and 1 mM glu...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00996-4
更新日期:1995-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Habituation kinetics were found to vary considerably in different polysynaptic pathways of the brain stem in man. The exteroceptive reflex of the digastric muscle habituates markedly, even for stimuli repeated at 1-min intervals. The second component of the blink reflex habituates for intervals below about 8 sec, but ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(76)90070-6
更新日期:1976-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::Tissue prisms prepared from neurosurgical samples of temporal neocortex of Alzheimer and control patients, upon depolarization preferentially released aspartate, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA). The Alzheimer and control samples did not significantly differ in the pattern of amino acid release, although acety...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)91131-9
更新日期:1983-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::The midbrain raphe nuclei (nucleus raphe dorsalis and nucleus raphe medialis) were destroyed by electrocoaggulation in rats. On the first few days following the lesion, a marked hyperactivity was observed in lesioned animals as well as in shame-operated controls. Between the 5th and 36th days after the lesion, sleep p...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(80)91218-4
更新日期:1980-08-04 00:00:00
abstract::Light stimulates dopamine (DA) release in the retina. The purpose of this study was to determine the threshold and dose-response relationship between ocular light exposure and retinal DA synthesis in vivo. Groups of dark-adapted rats were exposed to 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 or 1000 microwatts per square centimeter ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(87)91211-x
更新日期:1987-10-20 00:00:00
abstract::Trials of neuroprotection in ischemic stroke mainly concern gray matter protection, with little information on white matter damage. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are capable of providing continuous neurotrophic factor and of promoting growth and remyelination of damaged axons. We evaluated OECs for the repair of ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.12.061
更新日期:2010-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::Malignant glioma cells maintain an elevated intracellular pH (pH(i)) within hypoxic-ischemic tumor microenvironments through persistent activation of sodium-proton transport (McLean et al., 2000). Amiloride has been reported to selectively kill human malignant glioma cell lines but not primary astrocytes (Hegde et al....
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.059
更新日期:2010-12-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND INFORMATION:We recently proposed novel neurobiological ideas for discussion regarding the common nature (malfunction of a physicochemical phenomenon genetically programmed for the morphological execution of ontogenetic apoptosis), mechanism of formation (phase transition in an intraneuronal gel structure) an...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.02.011
更新日期:2007-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) was examined in the tooth pulp. In rat and human tooth pulps, PACAP-immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibers were observed around blood vessels and in the subodontoblastic and odontoblastic layers. The predentine and dentine were devoid of such ner...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02876-2
更新日期:2003-08-08 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of spinal cord hemisection on protein labeling in the medulla, pons, midbrain, and cortex in the Cebus monkey were studied by measuring the uptake of [3H]lysine into the trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitable and non-precipitable fractions of brain. Animals were sacrificed 3, 6 or 13 days after hemisectio...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(77)90458-9
更新日期:1977-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::Estrogen effects on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), monoamine oxidase types A and B (MAO), and dopamine (DA) in microdissected regions of the hypothalamus, preoptic area and substantia nigra (SNR) of the female rat brain were investigated. Ovariectomized (OVX) young adult female rats were implanted with single silastic cap...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)90730-y
更新日期:1990-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::We previously reported the presence of Erk2 type mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and enrichment of its substrates in the post-synaptic density (PSD) fraction, and suggested a role for MAPK in the synaptic transmission and its modulation [Suzuki, T., Okumura-Noji, K., Nishida, E., ERK2-type mitogen-activated pr...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01762-x
更新日期:1999-09-04 00:00:00
abstract::Amyloid beta protein (A beta), has been reported to be toxic to neurons in vitro. However, the molecular mechanism leading to neuronal death remains unknown. Here we report protective effects of phenothiazines, a class of neuroleptic agent, against A beta toxicity in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons and PC12 c...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(96)01300-5
更新日期:1997-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolites formed from testosterone in the brain, their neuroanatomical distribution and the kinetic properties of the enzymes were studied in male and female Japanese quail chicks and compared with the adult brain using an in vitro radioassay. Oestradiol-17 beta. 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, 5 beta-dihydrotestostero...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-3806(86)90149-5
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present study is to characterize the striatum of the lamprey by immunohistochemical and tracing techniques. Cells immunoreactive for GABA and substance P (SP), and positive for acetylcholinesterase, are present in the lamprey striatum. Immunoreactive (ir) fibers were detected by antisera raised agai...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00701-4
更新日期:1997-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::Sleep spindles may be involved in synaptic plasticity. Learning-dependent increases in spindles have been observed in both humans and rats. In humans, the innate (i.e., baseline) number of spindles correlate with measures of academic potential such as Intelligence Quotient (IQ) tests. The present study investigated if...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.01.026
更新日期:2010-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress in brain tissue was measured experimentally in situ using microdialysis to sample the extracellular environment for a lipid peroxidation breakdown product and antioxidants. The extracellular concentrations of the lipid peroxidation product malonaldehyde (MDA) and the antioxidants ascorbic acid (AA) an...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)01540-x
更新日期:1996-03-11 00:00:00
abstract::'Feedback' signals from mammalian extrastriate visual cortices are reported to exert primarily an excitatory influence on the classical receptive field (CRF) of neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1). However, given the much larger CRFs of neurons in extrastriate visual cortices it is not yet understood how feedbac...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.02.069
更新日期:2010-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of cerebellar stimulation on the accommodation of the lens was examined in anesthetized cats. An infrared optometer was used to measure the refractive power of the lens during stimulation of the cerebellum. The area giving responses within latencies shorter than 160 msec and amplitudes larger than 0.15 diop...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(78)90334-7
更新日期:1978-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::Different doses of angiotensin II (AII) or angiotensin III (AIII) microinjections into the zona incerta have been studied on drinking of rats in separate experiments during the consequent 60-min-daily-drinking period. Also, the dipsogen power of only the effective dose of AII and AIII was compared to vehicle treated r...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02680-5
更新日期:2003-07-11 00:00:00
abstract::1-(p-Bromobenzoyl)-piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (pBB-PzDA; 0.03-5 mM), an excitatory amino acid antagonist, was perfused through the guinea pig cochlea while monitoring various cochlear potentials. pBB-PzDA (1-5 mM) reversibly suppressed the amplitude of the compound action potential of the auditory nerve (CAP) an...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)90934-7
更新日期:1989-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a major neural signal for hypothalamic control of gonadotropin secretion which in turn influences gonadal steroid synthesis. Progesterone (P) is known to affect release and content of GnRH. The action mechanism of P on GnRH mRNA level remains, however, to be resolved. Here we r...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)90336-0
更新日期:1994-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::Stereotaxic microinjections of the excitotoxin, ibotenic acid, were made into the striatum, hippocampus or cerebellum of the immature (7-day-old) rat. Two days later, pups were decapitated and the brains processed for light microscopic examination or neurochemical analyses. 10 micrograms ibotenate caused a complete lo...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)90467-0
更新日期:1984-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::Cortical Spreading Depression (CSD) is a well-studied model of preconditioning that provides a high degree of tolerance to a subsequent ischemic event in the brain. The present study was undertaken in order to determine whether the release of ATP during CSD could contribute to the induction of ischemic tolerance. Dire...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.06.070
更新日期:2007-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::The projections of serotonin-containing neurons of the midbrain raphe nuclei (nucleus raphe dorsalis, nucleus centralis superior) are studied by analysis of axonal transport of labeled amino acids. These results are correlated with regional alterations of serotonin content following midbrain raphe lesions which produc...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(76)90144-x
更新日期:1976-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::Elevated levels of oxidative stress or decreased antioxidant defense mechanisms may underlie the regionally increased oxidative damage to brain observed in many neurodegenerative disorders. Phase I detoxification pathways for reactive aldehydes generated from lipid peroxidation include aldehyde dehydrogenases, alcohol...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02897-9
更新日期:2001-10-19 00:00:00
abstract::The normal cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) plays an essential role in the development of prion diseases. Indirect evidence has suggested that different PrP(C) glycoforms may be expressed in different brain regions and perform distinct functions. However, due to a lack of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) that are specific ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02050-9
更新日期:2001-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::Abnormal increase in native long-chain ceramides (lcCer) in AD implicates roles in neuronal atrophy and cognitive dysfunction especially in view of divergent roles this second messenger plays in cell function. Since clearance is mediated by glucosylceramide synthase (GCS, EC 2.4.1.80) levels of the enzyme were compare...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.10.066
更新日期:2008-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::Insular cortex (INS) plays a critical role in pain processing and shows sex differences in functional activation during noxious visceral stimulation. Less is known regarding functional interactions within the INS and between this structure and other parts of the brain. Cerebral blood flow mapping was performed using [...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2019.04.005
更新日期:2019-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Tinnitus, the perception of a phantom sound, is a common consequence of damage to the auditory periphery. A major goal of tinnitus research is to find the loci of the neural changes that underlie the disorder. Crucial to this endeavor has been the development of an animal behavioral model of tinnitus, so that neural c...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.03.044
更新日期:2012-11-16 00:00:00