In situ phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 in rat mammary gland, colon, and liver following treatment with human insulin and IGF-1.

abstract：:A nondopaminergic antipsychotic agent, 5-ethyl-1,3,8-trimethyl-1H-imidazo]1,2-c]pyrazolo[3,4-e]pyrimidine (TIPP; PD 112488), has been tested for potential toxicity in rats. As part of a preclinical safety evaluation, 10 Wistar rats per sex were administered TIPP as a dietary admixture, receiving doses of 0, 5, 10, 20,...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Macallum GE,Albassam MA

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists and PPARγ/α dual agonists are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemias. In carcinogenicity studies, some of these agonists induced hemangiomas/hemangiosarcomas in mice, but not in rats. We hypothesized that increased endothe...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Kakiuchi-Kiyota S,Arnold LL,Yokohira M,Koza-Taylor P,Suzuki S,Varney M,Pennington KL,Cohen SM

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to synthetic fibers with employment in textile mills can be associated with an elevated risk of interstitial lung disease (ILD). A mechanism of injury has not been determined. ILD can follow exposures to inorganic fibers (e.g., asbestos) which are associated with a mobilization of iron and catalysis of an oxi...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Ghio AJ,Funkhouser W,Pugh CB,Winters S,Stonehuerner JG,Mahar AM,Roggli VL

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The two-year rodent bioassay is one of several tests that are widely used by governmental regulatory agencies as well as pharmaceutical and chemical companies to determine the carcinogenic potential of chemicals or environmental agents where human exposure is anticipated. That this assay has remained relatively unchan...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Payne SR,Kemp CJ

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Histopathology of the reproductive system of 76 young adult Dutch Belted and 22 young adult or adult male New Zealand White rabbits was conducted as part of fertility studies. Thirty-five (46%) of the Dutch Belted and 11 (50%) of the New Zealand White males had multifocal vesicular gland basal epithelial cell atypia a...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Zwicker GM,Killinger JM,McConnel RF

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This report demonstrates the advantages of using a noninvasive soft tissue imaging technique--magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)--to monitor liver regeneration after 70% partial hepatectomy in the rat in a longitudinal manner. Six animals were scanned prior to and on 6 subsequent occasions up to 9 days after surgical re...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Hockings PD,Roberts T,Campbell SP,Reid DG,Greenhill RW,Polley SR,Nelson P,Bertram TA,Kramer K

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Effective wound healing leads to restoration of tissue integrity and occurs through a highly organized multistage process involving various cell types. Currently, methods for wound healing assessment lack a structured system for analysis of quantitative parameters. We have established a unique quantitative assessment ...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Braiman-Wiksman L,Solomonik I,Spira R,Tennenbaum T

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Environmental pollutants, chemicals, and drugs have an impact on children's immune system development. Mexico City (MC) children exposed to significant concentrations of air pollutants exhibit chronic respiratory inflammation, systemic inflammation, neuroinflammation, and cognitive deficits. We tested the hypothesis t...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Calderón-Garcidueñas L,Macías-Parra M,Hoffmann HJ,Valencia-Salazar G,Henríquez-Roldán C,Osnaya N,Monte OC,Barragán-Mejía G,Villarreal-Calderon R,Romero L,Granada-Macías M,Torres-Jardón R,Medina-Cortina H,Maronpot RR

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sections of thymus from New Zealand white rabbits used as controls in 28-day and 91-day percutaneous toxicity studies conducted at different laboratories were morphometrically assessed. Measurements of total thymic area, medullary area, and cortical area were greater for 28-day vs 91-day studies conducted at a given l...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Maurer JK,Gibbons BA,Bruce RD

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An eosinophilic substance (ES) is usually observed in the mouse nasal septum. In contrast to textbooks and one report describing ES as amyloid, a previous study by the authors revealed that ES is not amyloid but consists of collagen and an amorphous material. Furthermore, it was suggested that the amorphous material w...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Doi T,Kokoshima H,Kanno T,Sato J,Wako Y,Tsuchitani M,Matsui T

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Specific regions in the rodent larynx exhibit cellular changes in response to inhaled xenobiotics. These regions include the base of the epiglottis, ventral pouch, and medial surfaces of the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages. There are interspecies differences among laboratory rodents in the microscopic anat...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Renne RA,Sagartz JW,Burger GT

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A factor limiting widespread use of the transgenic rasH2 mouse model for carcinogenicity testing of pharmaceuticals is the paucity of published data on actual drug candidates in rasH2 mice. This report addresses this gap by highlighting rasH2 mouse study data for 10 pharmaceutical candidates. These results were compar...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Nambiar PR,Morton D

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak that started in Wuhan, China, in 2019 resulted in a pandemic not seen for a century, and there is an urgent need to develop safe and efficacious vaccines. The scientific community has made tremendous efforts to understand the disease, and unpara...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Bennet BM,Wolf J,Laureano R,Sellers RS

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, is the smallest nonhuman primate commonly used in biomedical research. Marmoset characteristics and propensities have enabled them to be used in a wide range of research as a model of human disease, physiology, drug metabolism, general toxicology, and reproductive biology. This...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Zühlke U,Weinbauer G

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Novel biomarkers are often required in the preclinical development of biopharmaceuticals in order to characterize pharmacologic and toxicologic effects and to establish pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic relationships. Flow cytometry is uniquely suited for measurement of these biomarkers. Large numbers of single cell...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Gossett KA,Narayanan PK,Williams DM,Gore ER,Herzyk DJ,Hart TK,Sellers TS

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective was to determine the respiratory toxicity of MAP0004, orally inhaled dihydroergotamine (DHE), via inhalation for six months. Forty beagle dogs (twenty females, twenty males) were treated by nose-only inhalation for 182 days. Groups 2 through 5 received MAP0004 (mean doses: 0.045, 0.154, 0.44, 0.825 mg/kg...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Armer TA,Lynch M,Moutvic R,Singer A

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To characterize the promoting activity of thiobenzamide (TB), a thiono-sulfur-containing xenobiotic, rats of both sexes were treated with the compound for 4 or 8 weeks after an initiating dose of diethyl-nitrosamine. The number, area (volume), and phenotypic complexity of the enzyme-altered hepatocyte foci were studie...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Malvaldi G,Chieli E,Saviozzi M

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The evaluation of neurotoxic damage involves a unique set of challenges. Vulnerable structures, such as neocortex, hippocampus, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve are complex and sharply differentiated; deficits can result from insults to one or more element(s) in the system (e.g., myelin, axon, soma, synapse, or glia)...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Arezzo JC,Litwak MS,Zotova EG

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ribonucleic acid (RNA) interference (RNAi) is a recently discovered phenomenon whereby the introduction of double stranded (ds) RNA into the cytoplasm of the cell results in the specific and efficient degradation of complementary messenger (m) RNA and, therefore, reduced protein production. It was discovered by chance...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Martineau HM,Pyrah IT

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To determine if additive or synergistic toxic effects would occur, adult male rats were exposed orally to lead carbonate (2,000 mg/kg) for 9 days before trichloroethylene (TCE), 2,000 mg/kg, was given concurrently for an additional 7 days. Comparisons were made with groups of vehicle-treated rats and rats given only l...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Nunes J,Ehrich M,Robertson J

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present study, beta-catenin localization in hepatocellular neoplasms and hepatoblastomas, induced by oral administration of p-Nitroanisole (pNA) in Crj:BDF1 for 2 years, was evaluated by immunohistochemistry along with genetic alterations in exon 2 of beta-catenin by the polymerase chain reaction-single strand ...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Kushida M,Aiso S,Morimura K,Wei M,Wanibuchi H,Nagano K,Fukushima S

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate intracellular signaling events for multiple cell surface receptors. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ, 1 of 4 class I PI3K isoforms, is primarily found in leukocytes and regulates immune cell functions. Here, we report changes in the immune and digestive systems that were ...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Werner JA,Ishida K,Wisler J,Karbowski C,Kalanzi J,Bussiere J,Monticello TM

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enzyme histochemistry was assessed in semi-thin glycolmethacrylate sections after 100 mg/kg 2-bromoethanamine (BEA) hydrobromide had been given ip to male Wistar rats to induce renal papillary necrosis. Changes in the proximal tubular marker enzymes alkaline phosphatase (Alk Phos), gamma-glutamytranspeptidase (GGT) an...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Gregg NJ,Courtauld EA,Bach PH

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Minipigs are now used in greater numbers in contract research organizations (CROs) as well as in the pharmaceutical industry. Most CROs or pharmaceutical companies use the Göttingen minipig, which displays a number of important background lesions. This review will discuss some of the more infrequent minipig background...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： McInnes EF,McKeag S

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transgenic mouse strains offer the prospect of significant benefits in the in vivo assessment of carcinogenic potential. The European Regulatory Authorities have been supportive of their inclusion as one of the second-test options in the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for the Regis...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： van der Laan J,Lima BS,Snodin D

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Toxicokinetic (TK) studies are the basis for demonstrating dose-related drug exposure in animals and for ensuring that drug exposure is substantially greater in animals than that expected in humans at therapeutic doses. The usefulness of TK studies can be further enhanced by correlating TK parameters with relevant tox...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Batra VK

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC)-induced nephrotoxicity in vivo was investigated in New Zealand White rabbits. A primary emphasis in these studies was further characterization of DCVC-induced nephrotoxicity using a variety of serum and urinary analytes, including sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electr...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Davis JW,Blakeman DP,Jolly RA,Packwood WH,Kolaja GJ,Petry TW

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reticulum cell hyperplasia (RCH) was a term used for many years by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) to describe a certain non-neoplastic bone marrow lesion of rats. Retrospective microscopic evaluation of RCH lesions and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to reassess and further characterize these lesio...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Cora MC,Janardhan KS,Jensen H,Clayton N,Travlos GS

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB), its effects on serum and hepatic retinoid, content and liver morphology were investigated in adult female WAG/Rij rats. Animals received a single intraperitoneal injection of either a corn oil vehicle, 15 or 200 mg TCB/kg body weight and were killed at 1, 3, 7, ...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Durham SK,Brouwer A

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A significant correlation exists between average daily food consumption and 2-yr survival in control ad libitum (AL)-fed Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. SD rats were fed Purina Rodent Chow 5002 or a modified chow, 5002-9, with lower protein, fat, metabolizable energy and increased fiber AL or by dietary restriction (DR) to ...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Keenan KP,Smith PF,Hertzog P,Soper K,Ballam GC,Clark RL

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00