Primary graft dysfunction.

abstract：:A poor therapeutic response may be explained by incomplete or erroneous diagnostic assessment, by failure to employ optimal drug doses and combinations, or by inadequate attention to the non-pharmacologic aspects of management. Poor compliance and counterproductive patient attitudes may need to be addressed. These pro...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Branscomb BV

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:VAP is clearly associated with an increased mortality, principally because of virulent pathogens such as P. aeruginosa. Part of the increased mortality may be due to inadequacies of antibiotic therapy. Apparent failure of antibiotic therapy has many causes; some are related to deficiencies of the antibiotic therapy, b...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Wunderink RG

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and its targets are reviewed physiologically during sepsis and wound healing, a self-limiting process in which mechanisms are still identified incompletely. NO also plays an active and direct role during infection, aimed at protecting the host and destroying the microbe. During septi...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Payen D,Bernard C,Beloucif S

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews the basic pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the abnormal pulmonary gas exchange often seen in patients with cirrhosis. To summarize, the following keypoints seem appropriate: (1) Patients with cirrhosis have a low pulmonary vascular tone characterized by a poor or absent hypoxic pressor respo...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Agusti AG,Roca J,Rodriguez-Roisin R

更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pathogenesis of O2 toxicity involves intracellular production of partially reduced O2 metabolites, which increases with O2 partial pressure. Cytotoxic O2 metabolites impair enzyme function and inhibit DNA, protein, and surfactant lipid biosynthesis. Compounds used clinically that increase O2 metabolism or that are...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Jackson RM

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tobacco dependency syndrome is an organic disease caused by chronic use of inhaled tobacco smoke. It is occasionally controlled by willpower alone, but often requires pharmacotherapy in conjunction with various techniques to manage the psychological manifestations. The two effective drugs are bupropion, which is an or...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Lillington GA,Leonard CT,Sachs DP

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sjögren's syndrome is one of the most common systemic rheumatic diseases. Pulmonary disease is prevalent in Sjögren's syndrome; respiratory manifestations include chronic cough, obstructive airways disease, pulmonary lymphoma, and interstitial lung disease that may progress to severe pulmonary fibrosis. ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Cain HC,Noble PW,Matthay RA

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CT is a useful tool for identification of small airways diseases, and it can be used to classify these entities into inflammatory and constrictive bronchiolitis. Inflammatory forms of bronchiolitis include cellular bronchiolitis (usually caused by infection or aspiration), respiratory bronchiolitis, panbronchiolitis, ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Lynch DA

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article concentrates on those factors that are particularly important for performing and interpreting lung function tests in children. Specifically, technical considerations such as equipment, personnel, test performance, and bronchoprovocation procedures are discussed. Changes in lung function with growth and ap...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Eisenberg JD,Wall MA

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The heart and lungs are intimately linked. Hence, impaired function of one organ may lead to changes in the other. Accordingly, heart failure is associated with airway obstruction, loss of lung volume, impaired gas exchange, and abnormal ventilatory control. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is an excellent tool for ev...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Cundrle I Jr,Olson LJ,Johnson BD

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary embolism remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. However, with improved recognition and diagnosis, the risk of death diminishes. The diagnosis depends on the clinician's suspicion. Pulmonary emboli are categorized into low, intermediate, or high risk based on the scoring scal...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Islam EA,Winn RE,Test V

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article describes the pathophysiology of the respiratory system after upper abdominal surgery, emphasizing the role of respiratory muscle dysfunction. The history of current techniques to measure respiratory muscle function are reviewed. The authors describe the postoperative pattern of breathing, speculate on th...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Ford GT,Rosenal TW,Clergue F,Whitelaw WA

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The modern history of cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of continuous improvement. Guidelines and evidence-based medicine provide a general roadmap for directing improvement efforts. Data and measurement are central to quality improvement (QI), a way of keeping score and staying on track. This article describes the history ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Quinton HB,O'Connor GT

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lung transplantation is an accepted treatment for a large number of end-stage pulmonary diseases. There are several complications that pertain specifically to lung transplant recipients, including airway ischemia, reperfusion edema, infections, acute rejection, obliterative bronchiolitis, and other postoperative probl...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Shepard JA

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An older smoker tends to be asked less often to quit although he or she has much to gain from achieving a nonsmoking status. Multiple barriers may interfere with attempting to quit including nicotine withdrawal, doubted self-efficacy, other smokers in one's environment, or misperceptions of little gain from quitting. ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Cox JL

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because of physiologic changes associated with aging and the development of chronic illness, the elderly will continue to be at risk for catastrophic illnesses including adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Current management of elderly patients with ARDS is only supportive and focused on avoiding complications...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Griffith D,Idell S

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The combination of the unique pathologic features of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) on biopsy, the progressive clinical course, and resistance to anti-inflammatory therapy constitutes the cardinal manifestations of what is termed idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IFP)/usual interstitial pneumonia, and it has led to r...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Noble PW,Homer RJ

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since last reviewed in this forum, there have been remarkable advances in our understanding of the acute inflammatory process and how it contributes to the development of ALI. As stated in the beginning of this article, it is not possible to even begin to review all the specific advances that have been made. Instead, ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Parsons PE

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the last few years, there has been considerable progress in our understanding of the mechanisms of action and resistance to antimycobacterials. To date, there is information about 11 genes involved in resistance in M. tuberculosis. This has prompted the development of novel tests for the rapid identification of res...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Telenti A

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV-AIDS has disproportionately affected minority populations in the United States. Significant disparities in case rates and mortality have been noted. This article reviews the magnitude of the problem and the many factors involved in the development and perpetuation of these disparities. Possible measures to help co...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Robles AM,Stringer HG Jr

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lung cancer can be diagnosed based on histologic biopsy or cytologic specimens. The 2015 World Health Organization Classification of Lung Tumors addressed the diagnosis of lung cancer in resection specimens and in small biopsies and cytology specimens. For these small specimens, diagnostic terms and criteria are recom...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Travis WD

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although they are complex, the pulmonary-renal syndromes can be readily understood and managed using a clinical approach firmly grounded in the fundamental pathophysiology of these disorders. Several important principles must be borne in mind. First, therapeutic intervention must be preceded by making as firm a diagno...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Young KR Jr

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anticholinergic agents are useful bronchodilators, the use of which should not be overlooked in patients with airways diseases. In patients with stable asthma, they are not first-line therapy but may be valuable as adjunctive therapy. In status asthmaticus they add to the bronchodilatation achieved by adrenergic thera...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Gross NJ

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, long-term complications of artificial airways are rare but important sequelae of artificial airways. Many of the potential long-term complications of translaryngeal intubation and tracheotomy are similar and overlapping. Although most patients who undergo these procedures tend to tolerate them without diff...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Sue RD,Susanto I

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity hypoventilation syndrome has been noted for centuries, yet we still are trying to uncover the exact mechanisms behind the disease and best treatment modalities for patients afflicted by the condition. The syndrome, which results in symptoms based on a diverse spectrum of interactions between obesity, ventilato...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Iftikhar IH,Roland J

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traditional tuberculosis (TB) infection control focuses on the known patient with TB, usually on appropriate treatment. A refocused, intensified TB infection control approach is presented. Combined with active case finding and rapid molecular diagnostics, an approach called FAST is described as a convenient way to cal...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Nardell EA

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pharmacologic treatment of the reversible elements of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is discussed in this article. Discussion focuses on three classes of bronchodilator drugs--the sympathomimetic agents, the methylxanthines, and the anticholinergic agents. A section on corticosteroid use in patients with ch...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Theodore AC,Beer DJ

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a potentially severe, frequently disabling autoimmune disease with multiorgan involvement and a typically waxing and waning course. SLE is often considered the prototypical autoimmune disease. Although SLE has the potential to affect any organ, the lungs are commonly involved late...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Kamen DL,Strange C

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Early Goal-Directed Therapy versus Standard Care for Sepsis trial by Rivers and colleagues in 2001 suggested that a significant mortality reduction may be realized through goal-directed interventions early in the care of patients with septic shock. However, the recent publication of the Protocol-Based Care for Ear...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Henning DJ,Shapiro NI

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Leptospirosis is a worldwide disease. In this time of globalization knowledge about leptospirosis is important. Although pulmonary involvement has an incidence varying from 20% to 70% and its exteriorization may vary from mild to severe, The severe form appears to be becoming more prevalent (at least in Brazil) and ma...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Carvalho CR,Bethlem EP

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00