Abstract：
:This article concentrates on those factors that are particularly important for performing and interpreting lung function tests in children. Specifically, technical considerations such as equipment, personnel, test performance, and bronchoprovocation procedures are discussed. Changes in lung function with growth and appropriate use of race-specific reference standards are emphasized, and references for standard and experimental pulmonary function tests are provided. Several examples illustrating the utility of pulmonary function testing in clinical situations in children with lung disease are provided as well.
journal_name
Clin Chest Medjournal_title
Clinics in chest medicineauthors
Eisenberg JD,Wall MAsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-12-01 00:00:00pages
661-7issue
4eissn
0272-5231issn
1557-8216journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:With the performance of more endoscopic procedures and newly developed diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, a wealth of information around the actual procedure is created. To date, accepted guidelines for standardized documentation are lacking. The authors present recommendations for minimal guidelines that may help...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70051-4
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After half a century of clinical experience and research, management of pulmonary arterial hypertension remains a challenge. Currently, data to support the use of standard therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension (oxygen supplementation, diuretics, digoxin, anticoagulation, and calcium channel blockers) are mostl...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2006.12.003
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bronchodilator therapy with adrenergic agonists in asthma is discussed and the therapeutic efficacy and side effects of various routes of administration of beta agonists are compared. The aerosol administration, the most effective route, is described in detail as to the optimal technique of administration, to the vari...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with diagnosed or suspected lung cancer first require appropriate staging and proven anatomic resectability. Excellent pre-operative spirometric data (FEV1 > 2.0 L, > 60% predicted) should recommend the patient for surgery immediately without further testing. Those whose preoperative FEV1 is less than 60% pre...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The description of organized thrombus in major pulmonary arteries can be found in autopsy reports dating back to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Not until the 1950s was the antemortem diagnosis and clinical syndrome of chronic thrombotic obstruction of the major pulmonary arteries better characteriz...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2006.11.009
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Massive hemoptysis accounts for a minority of all patients with hemoptysis but poses a major challenge for the acute and long-term treatment. Massive hemoptysis can lead to asphyxiation and airway obstruction, shock, and exsanguination. Bronchoscopy plays an integral part in managing massive hemoptysis in diagnosis an...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70129-5
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infections due to the rapidly growing mycobacteria are being identified with increasing frequency, especially in the southern coastal United States. Cutaneous disease, including both community-acquired infections and nosocomial diseases such as augmentation mammaplasty wound infections and sternal wound infections, ar...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pathogenic importance of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in AIDS-associated pneumonitis is controversial. Uncertainty regarding the significance of CMV isolation from pulmonary secretions of AIDS patients results in part from the difficulty in distinguishing CMV infection from CMV disease and from the high frequen...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A multitude of overlapping defenses has evolved to help combat the inventiveness of pathogens seeking to invade us, and because the lung is the most common primary route of infection, it is in the lung that the most varied responses are seen. This article focuses on recent research, particularly in innate immunity, an...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2012.03.003
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:VAP is clearly associated with an increased mortality, principally because of virulent pathogens such as P. aeruginosa. Part of the increased mortality may be due to inadequacies of antibiotic therapy. Apparent failure of antibiotic therapy has many causes; some are related to deficiencies of the antibiotic therapy, b...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become a major and growing health problem, with a mortality rate that continues to increase. Several factors, have been identified as individual predictors of mortality in COPD. This article reviews individual predictors for mortality. It also discusses the ability of a...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2007.05.002
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two recent major guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) recommend consideration of local antibiotic resistance patterns and individual patient risks for resistant pathogens when formulating an initial empiric antibiotic regimen. One recommends against invasive diagnostic techniq...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2018.08.002
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The psychosocial assessment of applicants to the Toronto Lung Transplant Program provides the team with a variety of information including coping style; adjustment to illness; presence and management of psychiatric disorders; ability to adhere to medical recommendations; and available social support. This information ...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Severe asthma remains poorly understood and frustrating to treat, partly because it is a heterogeneous disease. Recent improvements in the definition of severe asthma have allowed better characterization of the phenotypes of severe asthma and the related physiologic and pathologic abnormalities. Early-onset severe ast...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2005.10.002
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), when used in combination with long-acting bronchodilators, reduce the risk of exacerbations and improve health-related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with bronchodilator or ICS therapy alone. Potential side effects of ICSs include ...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2020.05.006
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity hypoventilation syndrome has been noted for centuries, yet we still are trying to uncover the exact mechanisms behind the disease and best treatment modalities for patients afflicted by the condition. The syndrome, which results in symptoms based on a diverse spectrum of interactions between obesity, ventilato...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2018.01.006
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains an important cause of pulmonary disease in patients who have cystic fibrosis. The development of antimicrobial therapy directed against this organism has resulted in the preservation of lung function and improved longevity. Efficacy has been demonstrated with agents administered via pare...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2007.02.003
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypoxemia is a prevalent problem in the chronically critically ill patient. This article reviews the pathophysiologic mechanisms of hypoxemia in this patient population, discusses how oxygenation is evaluated, and reviews methods for delivery of oxygen. Other topics directly related to oxygen use, such as oxygen toxic...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70029-0
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gram-negative bacteria gain access to the bloodstream by evading host defenses. Once in circulation, lipopolysaccharide interacts with the host receptor CD14 and initiates the host's immune response. Lipolysaccharide stimulates the host to produce a cascade of mediators that activate and target leukocytes, opsonize th...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70308-7
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ICU-acquired weakness is a common problem and carries significant morbidity. Despite evidence that early mobility can mitigate this, implementation outside of the research setting is lagging. Understanding barriers at the systems as well as individual level is a crucial step in successful implementation of an ICU mobi...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2015.05.006
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews the basic principles of drug treatment of tuberculosis, individual pharmacologic agents, current treatment recommendations, and several special situations that clinicians are likely to encounter in medical practice. ...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2005.02.011
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Controversy over the use of inhaled beta-agonists has dated almost from their introduction as a treatment for asthma. Their effectiveness as bronchodilators is not disputed, but there is concern that they may worsen asthma control if used regularly and that excessive use may increase the risk of death from asthma. Fiv...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leptospirosis is a worldwide disease. In this time of globalization knowledge about leptospirosis is important. Although pulmonary involvement has an incidence varying from 20% to 70% and its exteriorization may vary from mild to severe, The severe form appears to be becoming more prevalent (at least in Brazil) and ma...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0272-5231(01)00010-7
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nasal CPAP is and should be the first-line treatment for OSA. Any physician who uses nasal CPAP undoubtedly recognizes that this treatment modality has limitations, however. The authors believe that surgery offers a viable alternative to nasal CPAP in patients who are intolerant of nasal CPAP. Potential risks and comp...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0272-5231(03)00016-9
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although primarily a lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is now recognized to have extrapulmonary effects on distal organs, the so-called systemic effects and comorbidities of COPD. Skeletal muscle dysfunction, nutritional abnormalities including weight loss, cardiovascular complications, metabo...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2013.10.007
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pregnancy induces significant physiologic stresses on the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems that may precipitate respiratory compromise. In addition, certain disease states that are unique to the pregnant woman, such as amniotic fluid emboli syndrome, may be associated with respiratory failure. The physiologic chan...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2004.01.010
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In general, lung involvement in connective tissue disorders has not been as well defined as has isolated interstitial lung disease; this applies particularly to bronchiolitis, which occurs infrequently. The low prevalence of bronchiolitis may reflect difficulties in making the diagnosis in mild to moderate disease; at...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although they are complex, the pulmonary-renal syndromes can be readily understood and managed using a clinical approach firmly grounded in the fundamental pathophysiology of these disorders. Several important principles must be borne in mind. First, therapeutic intervention must be preceded by making as firm a diagno...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blood gas analyses are an essential part of modern patient care. Although all blood gas instruments have pH, PCO2, and PO2 electrodes based on the same principles, instruments in current use vary greatly in design, operator dependence, and accuracy. For the clinician to obtain accurate and timely results there must be...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews aspects of mechanical ventilation in patients without lung injury, patients in the perioperative period, and those with neurologic injury or disease including spinal cord injury. Specific emphasis is placed on ventilator strategies, including timing and indications for tracheostomy. Lung protectiv...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2016.07.010
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
