Standard therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension.

abstract：:Since last reviewed in this forum, there have been remarkable advances in our understanding of the acute inflammatory process and how it contributes to the development of ALI. As stated in the beginning of this article, it is not possible to even begin to review all the specific advances that have been made. Instead, ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Parsons PE

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pharmacologic treatment of the reversible elements of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is discussed in this article. Discussion focuses on three classes of bronchodilator drugs--the sympathomimetic agents, the methylxanthines, and the anticholinergic agents. A section on corticosteroid use in patients with ch...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Theodore AC,Beer DJ

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinically apparent involvement of the heart and nervous system occurs in a relatively small number of patients with sarcoidosis. The diagnosis of myocardial and neurological sarcoidosis is difficult because anatomic presence of granulomas without clinical dysfunction is an important feature of sarcoidosis. The chest ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Sharma OP

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prophylaxis for DVT unequivocally is beneficial in patients identified to be at high risk. Heparin prophylaxis with subcutaneous low-dose UFH is adequate in some clinical settings but less effective in others. LMWH preparations are effective and safe as prophylaxis in certain medical patients as well as in general sur...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Tapson VF,Hull RD

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Non-small cell lung cancer with very limited extent of metastatic spread commonly is termed, oligometastatic disease (OMD), and typically described as no more than 3 to 5 lesions. Definitive local therapy potentially leads to significant improvement in progression-free survival and overall survival. OMD may occur de n...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： West H

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the past 3 years, lung volume reduction surgery has become the most controversial topic in the clinical management of patients with emphysema. Although literature has added to the understanding of the procedure, many important issues remain unclear. This article emphasizes functional and basic physiologic changes t...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Sciurba FC

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypoxemia is a prevalent problem in the chronically critically ill patient. This article reviews the pathophysiologic mechanisms of hypoxemia in this patient population, discusses how oxygenation is evaluated, and reviews methods for delivery of oxygen. Other topics directly related to oxygen use, such as oxygen toxic...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： White AC

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The host response to microbial invasion in the lung must be sufficiently vigorous to allow for microbial eradication but appropriately controlled to prevent spillover of the response into the systemic circulation. Although inflammatory responses in pneumonia are generally compartmentalized, microbial and host factors ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Deng JC,Standiford TJ

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From our studies, it is clear that diaphragm muscle neuromotor control is responsive to alterations in innervation and activation. These adaptations to altered use appear to be most pronounced among fast-twitch motor units composed of type II muscle fibers. Because the plasticity involves diminished contractile streng...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Sieck GC

更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severe asthma remains poorly understood and frustrating to treat, partly because it is a heterogeneous disease. Recent improvements in the definition of severe asthma have allowed better characterization of the phenotypes of severe asthma and the related physiologic and pathologic abnormalities. Early-onset severe ast...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Wenzel S

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many different therapeutic compounds are associated with pulmonary toxicity. Although the mechanism of injury for many of these compounds is poorly defined, several compounds are believed to produce alterations in normal lung biochemistry. These mechanisms of injury in both clinical and experimental models are discuss...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Duncan CA

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary complications occur in 40% to 60% of recipients of bone marrow trans-plants, account for more than 90% of mortality, and develop during identifiable phases. Phase 1 (Days 1-30) includes pulmonary edema; diffuse alveolar hemorrhage; and various bacterial, fungal, and viral infections; Phase 2 (Days 31-100) us...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Yen KT,Lee AS,Krowka MJ,Burger CD

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Delirium is a frequent complication in older patients in the ICU and often persists beyond their ICU stay. Delirium in older persons in the ICU is a dynamic and complex process. There is a high prevalence of pre-existing cognitive impairment in patients who are admitted to the medical ICU. This pre-existing cognitive ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Pisani MA,McNicoll L,Inouye SK

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The process of smoking cessation involves progression through five stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. Most patients are not prepared to take action on their smoking, yet most smoking cessation programs are designed for smokers who are so prepared. Small percentages...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Prochaska JO,Goldstein MG

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, bacterial organisms are clinically relevant contributors to asthma exacerbations, and have received much less attention than viruses in this process. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis have been linked to asthma exacerbations, particularly when sinusitis is present. ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Kraft M

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gram-negative bacteria gain access to the bloodstream by evading host defenses. Once in circulation, lipopolysaccharide interacts with the host receptor CD14 and initiates the host's immune response. Lipolysaccharide stimulates the host to produce a cascade of mediators that activate and target leukocytes, opsonize th...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Marsh CB,Wewers MD

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nasal CPAP is and should be the first-line treatment for OSA. Any physician who uses nasal CPAP undoubtedly recognizes that this treatment modality has limitations, however. The authors believe that surgery offers a viable alternative to nasal CPAP in patients who are intolerant of nasal CPAP. Potential risks and comp...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Li KK

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infections due to the rapidly growing mycobacteria are being identified with increasing frequency, especially in the southern coastal United States. Cutaneous disease, including both community-acquired infections and nosocomial diseases such as augmentation mammaplasty wound infections and sternal wound infections, ar...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Wallace RJ Jr

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The features characterizing pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae are described. Typical cases, along with chest radiographs of laboratory-documented cases, are presented. ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Luby JP

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thoracic imaging is widely used to detect lower respiratory tract infections, identify their complications, and aid in differentiating infectious from noninfectious thoracic disease. Less commonly, the combination of imaging findings and a clinical setting can favor infection with a specific organism. This confluence ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Ketai L,Jordan K,Busby KH

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With the increasing threat of pandemic influenza and catastrophic bioterrorism, it is important for intensive care providers to be prepared to meet the challenge of large-scale airborne epidemics causing mass casualty respiratory failure. The severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak exposed the vulnerability of heal...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Phua GC,Govert J

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bronchiectasis is a persistent and progressive condition characterized by inflammation and infection causing damage that potentiates impaired mucociliary clearance. The rationale for promoting airway clearance is so that purulent secretions are removed from the airways, ameliorating the inflammation and improving cont...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Flude LJ,Agent P,Bilton D

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two recent major guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) recommend consideration of local antibiotic resistance patterns and individual patient risks for resistant pathogens when formulating an initial empiric antibiotic regimen. One recommends against invasive diagnostic techniq...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Metersky ML,Kalil AC

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is one of the few forms of pulmonary hypertension that is surgically curable. It is likely underdiagnosed and must be considered in every patient presenting with pulmonary hypertension to avoid missing the opportunity to cure these patients. This article discusses the epid...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Auger WR,Kim NH,Trow TK

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:VAP is a complex nosocomial infection, the disease expression and resulting patient outcome of which is dependent on host factors, the causative organism, the timing and adequacy of treatment, and the presence of intrinsic or inducible antibiotic resistance. Significant improvements have been achieved in our...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Kollef MH

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This heterogeneous group of immunologic causes of pleural effusions includes connective tissue diseases, a syndrome related to tissue injury (postcardiac injury syndrome), a disease of unknown etiology (sarcoidosis), a malignancy, and adverse reactions to drugs. Except in rheumatoid pleurisy and lupus pleuritis, the p...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Sahn SA

更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recognition and management of agitation, delirium, and pain are key areas. Reduced use of sedatives is an important measure that must be coupled with increased patient engagement, mobilization, and exercise. Use of low tidal volumes and low mean airway pressures during mechanical ventilation is helpful. A key hemodyna...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Gelinas JP,Walley KR

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The basic science and clinical understanding of infection with Blastomyces dermatitidis has been a field of constant evolution and continued revision of hypotheses. This article highlights some areas in which recent progress has the potential for significant impact on the clinical care of patients. Specifically, this ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： McKinnell JA,Pappas PG

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare syndrome characterized by the accumulation of surfactant in alveoli and terminal airways resulting in respiratory failure. PAP comprises part of a spectrum of disorders of surfactant homeostasis (clearance and production). The surfactant production disorders are caused by...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Suzuki T,Trapnell BC

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most gravidas with asthma can be managed with an inhaled beta-adrenergic agonist (terbutaline or epinephrine) and beclomethasone dipropionate. The administration of prednisone to control exacerbation of asthma is appropriate and should not be withheld if current medications are inadequate. The outcome of pregnancy in ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Greenberger PA

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00