The systemic response to lung infection.

abstract：:Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease with a favorable prognosis, high remission rate, and low mortality. Cardiac involvement alters this prognosis. Clinical manifestations most commonly include arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and congestive heart failure. Treatment includes immunosuppressant therapy, permanent pac...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Ayyala US,Nair AP,Padilla ML

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hyperventilation seen in asthma is due to an increase in respiratory drive. This may be reflected by increased neural output to the respiratory muscles and probably by alterations in the respiratory pattern. This increased respiratory drive is most likely in response to irritant receptor stimulation in the lung. O...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Schiff M

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review focuses on the top ten causes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), updating an earlier study. These pathogens have specific risk factors, different patterns of clinical resolution, and a wide range of attributable mortality. The discussion herein analyzes these aspects, placing particular emphasis on ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Rello J,Díaz E,Rodríguez A

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains controversial. The benefits of conventional treatment with corticosteroids plus either azathioprine or cyclophosphamide have not been established in randomized, controlled trials. Other treatment strategies have been suggested as understanding of the pathoge...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Nathan SD

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary function testing (PFT) is used extensively by pulmonary specialists to address two common clinical questions: (1) What is the risk of a postoperative pulmonary complication in an individual with lung disease? and (2) Will the patient be able to tolerate lung resection surgery? Today, there are numerous tests...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Powell CA,Caplan CE

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A variety of mechanical devices may be used to provide assistance when ventilation and cough are severely impaired by progressive respiratory weakness caused by neuromuscular disease. Traditionally, positive pressure ventilation via a tracheostomy has been used, but if upper airway function is adequate, a variety of n...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Unterborn JN,Hill NS

更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of nuclear magnetic resonance to produce diagnostic images of the human chest has just become possible. These images are computer-reconstructed maps of the distribution in tissue of protons and of some of their magnetic characteristics. The images are high resolution and anatomically accurate, are capable of d...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Newhouse JH

更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary hypertension is a frequently encountered problem in older patients. True idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension can also be seen and requires careful exclusion in older patients. Institution of therapies must be tempered with an appreciation of individual comorbidities and functional limitations that may...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： McArdle JR,Trow TK,Lerz K

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms for exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are complex and multifaceted. Although ventilatory limitation caused by abnormal pulmonary function is a major contributor to this phenomenon, other factors may play an important role in limiting exercise. These other factors include depr...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Nici L

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Respiratory viruses are common in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and a recognized cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Epidemiology, risk factors, and attributable mortality in both populations are reviewed. In addition, virus-specific prevention and treatment options, including...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Paulsen GC,Danziger-Isakov L

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Available targeted therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension are capable only of slowing progression of the disease and a cure remains elusive. However with the improved understanding of the pulmonary vascular remodeling that characterizes the disease, there is optimism that the disconnect between preclinical and ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： O'Connell C,O'Callaghan DS,Humbert M

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prophylaxis for DVT unequivocally is beneficial in patients identified to be at high risk. Heparin prophylaxis with subcutaneous low-dose UFH is adequate in some clinical settings but less effective in others. LMWH preparations are effective and safe as prophylaxis in certain medical patients as well as in general sur...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Tapson VF,Hull RD

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanical ventilation has become a very common and well-accepted practice in modern intensive care units. The use of the mechanical ventilator has progressed from being a support system during surgery and for acutely ill patients to being used in both moderate and long-term life support in patients with inadequate ve...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Grum CM,Chauncey JB

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinically apparent involvement of the heart and nervous system occurs in a relatively small number of patients with sarcoidosis. The diagnosis of myocardial and neurological sarcoidosis is difficult because anatomic presence of granulomas without clinical dysfunction is an important feature of sarcoidosis. The chest ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Sharma OP

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gram-negative bacteria gain access to the bloodstream by evading host defenses. Once in circulation, lipopolysaccharide interacts with the host receptor CD14 and initiates the host's immune response. Lipolysaccharide stimulates the host to produce a cascade of mediators that activate and target leukocytes, opsonize th...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Marsh CB,Wewers MD

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two recent major guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) recommend consideration of local antibiotic resistance patterns and individual patient risks for resistant pathogens when formulating an initial empiric antibiotic regimen. One recommends against invasive diagnostic techniq...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Metersky ML,Kalil AC

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although Burkholderia cepacia colonizes a relatively small proportion of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and has had a profound impact on infection control practices. This article reviews the current understanding of the epidemiology of B. cepacia infec...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： LiPuma JJ

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With the increasing threat of pandemic influenza and catastrophic bioterrorism, it is important for intensive care providers to be prepared to meet the challenge of large-scale airborne epidemics causing mass casualty respiratory failure. The severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak exposed the vulnerability of heal...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Phua GC,Govert J

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Millions of people worldwide engage in leisure or occupational activities in extreme environments. These environments entail health risks even for normal subjects. The presence of lung disease, or other conditions, further predisposes to illness or injury. Patients who have lung conditions should, but often do not, co...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Dillard TA,Khosla S,Ewald FW Jr,Kaleem MA

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pathogenesis of O2 toxicity involves intracellular production of partially reduced O2 metabolites, which increases with O2 partial pressure. Cytotoxic O2 metabolites impair enzyme function and inhibit DNA, protein, and surfactant lipid biosynthesis. Compounds used clinically that increase O2 metabolism or that are...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Jackson RM

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severe asthma remains poorly understood and frustrating to treat, partly because it is a heterogeneous disease. Recent improvements in the definition of severe asthma have allowed better characterization of the phenotypes of severe asthma and the related physiologic and pathologic abnormalities. Early-onset severe ast...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Wenzel S

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To conclude, impairment ratings differ among various diseases and compensation programs. It therefore is important to note, at the outset, which compensation program the patient is eligible for because the requirements of the different programs may vary. The physician report must clearly state an opinion using termino...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Sood A,Beckett WS

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article provides a systematic review of the literature on the application of noninvasive ventilation in various forms of hypercapnic and hypoxemic respiratory failures. A description of the underlying pathophysiology is followed by a review of physiologic data explaining the mechanisms of action of noninvasive ve...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Meduri GU

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The features characterizing pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae are described. Typical cases, along with chest radiographs of laboratory-documented cases, are presented. ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Luby JP

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary thromboembolism is a major cause of maternal mortality. DVT causes significant morbidity in pregnancy and in later life owing to the post-thrombotic syndrome. Obstetricians must have an understanding of the risk factors for VTE, the appropriate use of prophylaxis, the need for objective diagnosis in women wi...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Greer IA

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traditional tuberculosis (TB) infection control focuses on the known patient with TB, usually on appropriate treatment. A refocused, intensified TB infection control approach is presented. Combined with active case finding and rapid molecular diagnostics, an approach called FAST is described as a convenient way to cal...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Nardell EA

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article focuses primarily on the recent literature on abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) and the definitions and recommendations published by the World Society for the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. The definitions regarding increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) are listed and are followed by an overview of...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Malbrain ML,De laet IE

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellular dysfunction is a commonplace sequelum of sepsis and other systemic inflammatory conditions. Impaired energy production (related to mitochondrial inhibition, damage, and reduced protein turnover) appears to be a core mechanism underlying the development of organ dysfunction. The reduction in energy availabilit...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Singer M

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The description of organized thrombus in major pulmonary arteries can be found in autopsy reports dating back to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Not until the 1950s was the antemortem diagnosis and clinical syndrome of chronic thrombotic obstruction of the major pulmonary arteries better characteriz...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Auger WR,Kim NH,Kerr KM,Test VJ,Fedullo PF

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objectives of this article are to (1) understand how respiratory event definitions and syndrome threshold values affect prevalence estimates of obstructive sleep apnea in adults, (2) recognize important risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in adults, and (3) understand current theories of the underlying mechan...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Yaggi HK,Strohl KP

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00