Abstract:
:Hypoxemia is a prevalent problem in the chronically critically ill patient. This article reviews the pathophysiologic mechanisms of hypoxemia in this patient population, discusses how oxygenation is evaluated, and reviews methods for delivery of oxygen. Other topics directly related to oxygen use, such as oxygen toxicity, heliox use, and portable oxygen devices, are included.
journal_name
Clin Chest Medjournal_title
Clinics in chest medicineauthors
White ACdoi
10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70029-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-03-01 00:00:00pages
123-34, ixissue
1eissn
0272-5231issn
1557-8216pii
S0272-5231(05)70029-0journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The authors attempt to demonstrate those circumstances for which perfusion scintigraphy, by itself, or in combination with ventilation scintiscanning, offers the best adjunctive information in excluding or confirming the presence of pulmonary embolism. They then identify those circumstances in which scintiscanning doe...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in the world, and it accounts for more deaths than breast, colon, and prostate cancer combined in the United States. From a historical perspective, the premise behind early lung cancer detection strategy is that early detection of lung cancer is justified if early...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2009.09.001
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial pneumonias occur with increased frequency and can be associated with increased morbidity in the HIV-infected population compared with normals. The pathogens that most frequently cause community-acquired pneumonias are S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and occasionally S. aureus. These pneumonias usually respond ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polymerase chain reaction-based diagnosis has become the standard for viral pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections. Expansion of respiratory viral panels (RVPs) outside of influenza and, possibly, respiratory syncytial virus has led to the ability to diagnose viral infections for which no approved specific a...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2016.11.003
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pathogenic importance of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in AIDS-associated pneumonitis is controversial. Uncertainty regarding the significance of CMV isolation from pulmonary secretions of AIDS patients results in part from the difficulty in distinguishing CMV infection from CMV disease and from the high frequen...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article gives a broad overview of the increasingly important applications of bronchoscopy, flexible (FOB) and rigid (RB), in a modern medical intensive care unit. Special emphasis is made to bronchoscopy use in mechanically ventilated patients. Therapies such as endobronchial stenting and Nd:YAG laser are being u...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70041-1
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the performance of more endoscopic procedures and newly developed diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, a wealth of information around the actual procedure is created. To date, accepted guidelines for standardized documentation are lacking. The authors present recommendations for minimal guidelines that may help...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70051-4
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative assessment of pulmonary metabolic function has been shown to be a novel and important approach to obtaining specific and subtle biochemical information regarding endothelial cell function in the normal and diseased lung. A primary consideration in this measurement of whole organ metabolism, whether it be ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The long-term ventilated patient is at high risk for developing nosocomial pneumonia or tracheobronchitis. In general, the frequency of infection increases with the duration of mechanical ventilation, but the risk appears to be greatest in the first week of intubation. Although these types of infection are common and ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70026-5
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bullectomy for giant bullae, lung volume reduction surgery, and lung transplantation are three surgical therapies that may benefit highly selected patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this article, each procedure is reviewed, with an emphasis on guidelines for patient selection and clinical...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2007.05.004
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viral pneumonia is a common complication for patients with hematologic malignancies and after hematopoietic cell transplantation causing significant morbidity, and often mortality. Infections are predominantly caused by herpes viruses, either by reactivation of latent infection, or less commonly primary infection, or ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2016.12.009
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the last few years, there has been considerable progress in our understanding of the mechanisms of action and resistance to antimycobacterials. To date, there is information about 11 genes involved in resistance in M. tuberculosis. This has prompted the development of novel tests for the rapid identification of res...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70355-5
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms for exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are complex and multifaceted. Although ventilatory limitation caused by abnormal pulmonary function is a major contributor to this phenomenon, other factors may play an important role in limiting exercise. These other factors include depr...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70178-7
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite complete resection of what seems to be all evident tumor, one third to three quarters of patients with stages I and II NSCLC ultimately succumb to this neoplasm. Patients who are cured of an original NSCLC or small cell cancer remain at risk for a new primary lung cancer. Although the importance of lifelong su...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(03)00067-4
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the rare exceptions of PAH associated with antiphospholipid antibodies, genetic platelet dysfunction, or inherited deficiencies of antithrombotic pathways, the thrombotic lesions are secondary, but frequently occurring, in most cases of primary or secondary PAH. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is associated with ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70283-5
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Computed tomography has acquired an increasingly central role in the evaluation of asbestos-exposed individuals. The advantages of increased contrast resolution and axial image display have extended our ability to interrogate areas of the pulmonary parenchyma and pleura that are inadequately seen on chest radiographs....
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditionally, a subset of patients diagnosed as having idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis had positive results on cellular biopsies (prominent lymphoplasmacytic inflammation), bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytosis, a clinical response to steroids, and a better long-term prognosis. On review of the lung histopathology, the ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2011.11.003
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hyperventilation seen in asthma is due to an increase in respiratory drive. This may be reflected by increased neural output to the respiratory muscles and probably by alterations in the respiratory pattern. This increased respiratory drive is most likely in response to irritant receptor stimulation in the lung. O...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Delirium is a frequent complication in older patients in the ICU and often persists beyond their ICU stay. Delirium in older persons in the ICU is a dynamic and complex process. There is a high prevalence of pre-existing cognitive impairment in patients who are admitted to the medical ICU. This pre-existing cognitive ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(03)00092-3
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary hypertension is a frequently encountered problem in older patients. True idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension can also be seen and requires careful exclusion in older patients. Institution of therapies must be tempered with an appreciation of individual comorbidities and functional limitations that may...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2007.08.006
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains an important cause of pulmonary disease in patients who have cystic fibrosis. The development of antimicrobial therapy directed against this organism has resulted in the preservation of lung function and improved longevity. Efficacy has been demonstrated with agents administered via pare...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2007.02.003
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) include a diverse group of species. We address the treatment of the most commonly isolated RGM-M abscessus complex, M fortuitum, and M chelonae. The M abscessus complex is composed of 3 closely related species: M abscessus senso stricto (hereafter M abscessus), M massiliense, and M b...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2014.10.004
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and its targets are reviewed physiologically during sepsis and wound healing, a self-limiting process in which mechanisms are still identified incompletely. NO also plays an active and direct role during infection, aimed at protecting the host and destroying the microbe. During septi...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70318-x
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because there is insufficient cellular energy for organisms to perform their functions at the same constant rate and at the same time, all biologic processes show rhythmicity, each with its own unique frequency, amplitude, and phase. Optimal sleep and wakefulness requires proper timing and alignment of desired sleep-w...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2010.02.009
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies suggest clinically manifest cardiac involvement occurs in 5% of patients with pulmonary/systemic sarcoidosis. The principal manifestations of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) are conduction abnormalities, ventricular arrhythmias, and heart failure. Data indicate that an 20% to 25% of patients with pulmonary/systemic s...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2015.08.008
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leptospirosis is a worldwide disease. In this time of globalization knowledge about leptospirosis is important. Although pulmonary involvement has an incidence varying from 20% to 70% and its exteriorization may vary from mild to severe, The severe form appears to be becoming more prevalent (at least in Brazil) and ma...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(01)00010-7
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although a biopsy may need to be performed in complicated patients, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is an important adjunct to the diagnosis of pulmonary and disseminated fungal infections. Culture is the gold standard for diagnosis in many instances, but cytologic and morphologic analysis is often diagnostic. Although n...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2009.02.010
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objectives of this article are to (1) understand how respiratory event definitions and syndrome threshold values affect prevalence estimates of obstructive sleep apnea in adults, (2) recognize important risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in adults, and (3) understand current theories of the underlying mechan...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2010.02.011
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the increasing threat of pandemic influenza and catastrophic bioterrorism, it is important for intensive care providers to be prepared to meet the challenge of large-scale airborne epidemics causing mass casualty respiratory failure. The severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak exposed the vulnerability of heal...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2008.01.001
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The basic science and clinical understanding of infection with Blastomyces dermatitidis has been a field of constant evolution and continued revision of hypotheses. This article highlights some areas in which recent progress has the potential for significant impact on the clinical care of patients. Specifically, this ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2009.02.003
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00