Abstract:
:The synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and its targets are reviewed physiologically during sepsis and wound healing, a self-limiting process in which mechanisms are still identified incompletely. NO also plays an active and direct role during infection, aimed at protecting the host and destroying the microbe. During septic shock, an overproduction of NO has been described experimentally and clinically that might be responsible for the systemic vasodilatation with hyporesponsiveness to exogenous vasoconstrictive agents. The different manipulations of NO pathway during sepsis are described (transcription and post-transcription of iNOS, enzymatic function, substrate availability, NO concentration, and NO effector molecules), although their clinical benefit remains controversial.
journal_name
Clin Chest Medjournal_title
Clinics in chest medicineauthors
Payen D,Bernard C,Beloucif Sdoi
10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70318-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-06-01 00:00:00pages
333-50issue
2eissn
0272-5231issn
1557-8216pii
S0272-5231(05)70318-Xjournal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Traditionally, a subset of patients diagnosed as having idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis had positive results on cellular biopsies (prominent lymphoplasmacytic inflammation), bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytosis, a clinical response to steroids, and a better long-term prognosis. On review of the lung histopathology, the ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2011.11.003
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article focuses on thoracoscopy for pleural procedures, both diagnostic and therapeutic, and discusses whether there is a difference between pleuroscopy and thoracoscopy or video-assisted thoracic surgery. How thinking should be structured regarding the management of pleural disease in the modern context of avail...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2012.12.002
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemodynamic monitoring is a diagnostic tool. Because hemodynamic monitoring often requires invasive procedures, it can be associated with an increased incidence of untoward events. Like any diagnostic tool, its ability to improve outcome will be primarily related to the survival benefit enjoyed by specific therapies t...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(03)00095-9
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There will be many changes in the sleep field in the next 5 to 10 years. These will include increments in our knowledge of the basic neurobiologic mechanisms driving sleep and the impact of sleep loss on general health. The technology used in the sleep laboratory will likely change as well, leading to a larger range o...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70444-5
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most common causes for undiagnosed transudative effusions are congestive heart failure and hepatic hydrothorax. Pleural fluid N terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels higher than 1500 pg/mL are virtually diagnostic of congestive heart failure. The most common causes for undiagnosed exudative pleural effusio...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2005.12.002
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recognition and management of agitation, delirium, and pain are key areas. Reduced use of sedatives is an important measure that must be coupled with increased patient engagement, mobilization, and exercise. Use of low tidal volumes and low mean airway pressures during mechanical ventilation is helpful. A key hemodyna...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2016.01.006
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Available data show that Africa, together with the Americas and western and central Europe, reported the lowest prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). However, sub-Saharan Africa has a high TB incidence and the highest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in the world, and because of the hig...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2009.08.019
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biologic drugs have revolutionized the treatment of certain hematologic, autoimmune, and malignant diseases, but they may place patients at risk for reactivation or acquisition of tuberculosis. This risk is highest with the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors. Amongst this class of drugs, the monoclonal ant...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2019.07.003
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary embolism remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. However, with improved recognition and diagnosis, the risk of death diminishes. The diagnosis depends on the clinician's suspicion. Pulmonary emboli are categorized into low, intermediate, or high risk based on the scoring scal...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2018.04.013
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The specialty has the knowledge and technology to change the outcome of lung cancer. Lung cancer, diagnosed in early stages, is as curable as all other cancers. Sputum cytology is the initial step in diagnosing roentgenographically occult lung cancer. Sputum cytology is complementary to CT scanning. Sputum cytology id...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(03)00060-1
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms for exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are complex and multifaceted. Although ventilatory limitation caused by abnormal pulmonary function is a major contributor to this phenomenon, other factors may play an important role in limiting exercise. These other factors include depr...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70178-7
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the rare exceptions of PAH associated with antiphospholipid antibodies, genetic platelet dysfunction, or inherited deficiencies of antithrombotic pathways, the thrombotic lesions are secondary, but frequently occurring, in most cases of primary or secondary PAH. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is associated with ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70283-5
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because the AIDS epidemic continues to grow, there is a sense of urgency to develop new treatment strategies, both for HIV infection and for AIDS-related illnesses. The rapid gathering of basic information related to HIV type 1 biology and opportunistic infections has led to an explosion in physicians' ability to diag...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70338-5
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanical ventilation has become a very common and well-accepted practice in modern intensive care units. The use of the mechanical ventilator has progressed from being a support system during surgery and for acutely ill patients to being used in both moderate and long-term life support in patients with inadequate ve...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past 3 years, lung volume reduction surgery has become the most controversial topic in the clinical management of patients with emphysema. Although literature has added to the understanding of the procedure, many important issues remain unclear. This article emphasizes functional and basic physiologic changes t...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70377-4
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), when used in combination with long-acting bronchodilators, reduce the risk of exacerbations and improve health-related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with bronchodilator or ICS therapy alone. Potential side effects of ICSs include ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2020.05.006
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article assesses the role of pharmacotherapy in the management of respiratory muscle dysfunction. It focuses on two classes of drugs, the methylxanthines and the sympathomimetic agents. A prospective section focuses also on the particularities of the diaphragm among the skeletal striated muscles. In addition, a n...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In summary, the evaluation of the tired patient requires an awareness of the various meanings of tiredness. Furthermore, it is important to differentiate normal sleepiness that is a product of circadian rhythm variation in vigilance from pathologic sleepiness. Sleepiness that results from faulty habits, e.g., altered ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Management of acute lung injury (ALI) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is largely supportive, with the use of mechanical ventilation being a central feature. Recent advances in the understanding of ALI/ARDS and mechanical ventilation have revealed that lung-protective ventilation strategies may atten...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2006.06.008
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article concentrates on those factors that are particularly important for performing and interpreting lung function tests in children. Specifically, technical considerations such as equipment, personnel, test performance, and bronchoprovocation procedures are discussed. Changes in lung function with growth and ap...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary function testing (PFT) is used extensively by pulmonary specialists to address two common clinical questions: (1) What is the risk of a postoperative pulmonary complication in an individual with lung disease? and (2) Will the patient be able to tolerate lung resection surgery? Today, there are numerous tests...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70061-7
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past decade, there have been more patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) surviving to adulthood; whether due to late repair, or complex underlying CHD, many of these patients will be faced with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with CHD (APAH-CHD). In this review, the authors discuss the mo...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2013.08.011
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing consists of a spectrum ranging from the upper airway resistance syndrome to complete apnea. Although this disorder is relatively common, it is still under-recognized, resulting in a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. In this article, we describe the rationale for tr...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70434-2
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pleural malignancies are ideal for novel therapeutic approaches because they are invariably fatal. Intrapleural (IP) chemotherapy has only marginal benefit in pleural malignancies, but may prove efficacious with hyperthermic chemotherapy administered in combination with maximal tumor debulking. IP immunotherapies may ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2013.04.007
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because there is insufficient cellular energy for organisms to perform their functions at the same constant rate and at the same time, all biologic processes show rhythmicity, each with its own unique frequency, amplitude, and phase. Optimal sleep and wakefulness requires proper timing and alignment of desired sleep-w...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2010.02.009
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interventional pulmonology encompasses diagnostic and therapeutic bronchoscopic procedures, and pleural interventions. In the last 10 years older techniques have been refined and exciting new technologies have extended the reach and application of the instruments used. The main areas within pulmonary medicine for whic...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2010.10.007
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been proposed that invasive carcinoma of the bronchus develops through a transition from preinvasive lesions to overt malignancy. Newer diagnostic technologies have provided a more sensitive way to diagnose preinvasive lesions and a better understanding of the prevalence of such lesions. The natural history of ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2011.08.008
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with MAC-PD and pre-existing lung disease are a distinct group from the more common and recently recognized group of predominantly middle- to older-aged women without pre-existing lung disease. Those with pre-existing disease are expected to have more sputum positivity and slower conversion of sputum with tre...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(02)00022-9
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pathogenesis of O2 toxicity involves intracellular production of partially reduced O2 metabolites, which increases with O2 partial pressure. Cytotoxic O2 metabolites impair enzyme function and inhibit DNA, protein, and surfactant lipid biosynthesis. Compounds used clinically that increase O2 metabolism or that are...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacologic treatment of the reversible elements of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is discussed in this article. Discussion focuses on three classes of bronchodilator drugs--the sympathomimetic agents, the methylxanthines, and the anticholinergic agents. A section on corticosteroid use in patients with ch...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00