Abstract:
:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become a major and growing health problem, with a mortality rate that continues to increase. Several factors, have been identified as individual predictors of mortality in COPD. This article reviews individual predictors for mortality. It also discusses the ability of an integrated, multidimensional tool to more broadly characterize COPD severity, assess response to therapeutic interventions and exacerbations, and predict mortality.
journal_name
Clin Chest Medjournal_title
Clinics in chest medicineauthors
Cote CG,Celli BRdoi
10.1016/j.ccm.2007.05.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-09-01 00:00:00pages
515-24, vissue
3eissn
0272-5231issn
1557-8216pii
S0272-5231(07)00055-Xjournal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Controversy over the use of inhaled beta-agonists has dated almost from their introduction as a treatment for asthma. Their effectiveness as bronchodilators is not disputed, but there is concern that they may worsen asthma control if used regularly and that excessive use may increase the risk of death from asthma. Fiv...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sjögren's syndrome is one of the most common systemic rheumatic diseases. Pulmonary disease is prevalent in Sjögren's syndrome; respiratory manifestations include chronic cough, obstructive airways disease, pulmonary lymphoma, and interstitial lung disease that may progress to severe pulmonary fibrosis. ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70110-6
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have led to improved asthma control and reduced asthma mortality in the Western world. ICS are effective in combating T-helper type 2-driven inflammation featuring mast cell and eosinophilic airway infiltration. Their effect on innate immunity-driven neutrophilic inflammation is poor and ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2012.05.004
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. However, pneumonia is an unusual outcome of respiratory infection. Most of the time, microbes in the lung can be controlled by a combination of constitutive and recruited defense mechanisms. Inflammation is a key component of recruited defenses. Variations in...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2018.07.002
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fungal pneumonias cause unacceptable morbidity among patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) and recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The high incidence of fungal pneumonias in HM/HSCT populations arises from their frequently severe, complex, and persistent immune dysfunction caused by the...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2017.04.009
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adult respiratory distress syndrome is a reaction of the lung to a variety of severe direct or indirect pulmonary insults. It is characterized by acute respiratory distress, severe hypoxemia requiring high oxygen fractions, and "stiff lungs" requiring approaches to ventilatory management cited elsewhere in this is...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past it was believed that respiratory disability could be objectively assessed by comparing the measured O2 consumption requirement of the job with the subjects' measured or estimated maximal oxygen consumption. More recently, it has become clear that this "classic" paradigm does not completely apply to all sit...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although a biopsy may need to be performed in complicated patients, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is an important adjunct to the diagnosis of pulmonary and disseminated fungal infections. Culture is the gold standard for diagnosis in many instances, but cytologic and morphologic analysis is often diagnostic. Although n...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2009.02.010
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::ICU-acquired weakness is a common problem and carries significant morbidity. Despite evidence that early mobility can mitigate this, implementation outside of the research setting is lagging. Understanding barriers at the systems as well as individual level is a crucial step in successful implementation of an ICU mobi...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2015.05.006
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The specialty has the knowledge and technology to change the outcome of lung cancer. Lung cancer, diagnosed in early stages, is as curable as all other cancers. Sputum cytology is the initial step in diagnosing roentgenographically occult lung cancer. Sputum cytology is complementary to CT scanning. Sputum cytology id...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(03)00060-1
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::As recently as the 1992 Report of the American Thoracic Society Workshop on Lung Transplantation, no QOL facts were given and no knowledge gaps related to QOL outcomes were cited. Even at the present time, the information in that area is based on a relatively small set of preliminary reports. Current information indic...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70387-7
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The process of smoking cessation involves progression through five stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. Most patients are not prepared to take action on their smoking, yet most smoking cessation programs are designed for smokers who are so prepared. Small percentages...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because of physiologic changes associated with aging and the development of chronic illness, the elderly will continue to be at risk for catastrophic illnesses including adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Current management of elderly patients with ARDS is only supportive and focused on avoiding complications...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several medications have been associated with the development of the BOOP lesion. Often, symptoms include nonproductive cough and shortness of breath with bilateral crackles by examination. Occasionally, there is fever and rash, and, rarely, eosinophilia. The chest radiograph usually shows bilateral patchy infiltrates...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0272-5231(03)00140-0
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sleep-related breathing disorder or sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) encompasses central sleep apnea (CSA), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and sleep-related hypoventilation or hypoxemic syndromes. SDB is common in neurologic conditions that affect the central and/or peripheral nervous systems. Patients with neurologic...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2014.06.009
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our ability to define appropriate molecular targets for preclinical development and develop better methods needs to be improved, to determine the clinical value of novel acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) agents. Clinical trials must have realistic sample sizes and meaningful end points and use the available o...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2014.08.009
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical applications of bronchoalveolar lavage are assessed in regard to its current place as an aid for the practicing physician in the management of individual patients. ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe asthma remains poorly understood and frustrating to treat, partly because it is a heterogeneous disease. Recent improvements in the definition of severe asthma have allowed better characterization of the phenotypes of severe asthma and the related physiologic and pathologic abnormalities. Early-onset severe ast...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2005.10.002
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The term "steroid-resistant (SR) asthma" has been used to describe a group of asthmatics who demonstrate persistent airway obstruction and inflammation despite treatment with high doses of systemic glucocorticoids. There are at least two forms of SR asthma, that is, primary and acquired types. Type I SR asthma is acqu...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70405-6
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnancy induces significant physiologic stresses on the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems that may precipitate respiratory compromise. In addition, certain disease states that are unique to the pregnant woman, such as amniotic fluid emboli syndrome, may be associated with respiratory failure. The physiologic chan...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2004.01.010
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A variety of mechanical devices may be used to provide assistance when ventilation and cough are severely impaired by progressive respiratory weakness caused by neuromuscular disease. Traditionally, positive pressure ventilation via a tracheostomy has been used, but if upper airway function is adequate, a variety of n...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stents are used for palliation of symptoms of central airway obstruction caused by either malignant or benign conditions. Stents may be applied for maintaining airway patency after dilatation of postinflammatory and infectious strictures, for airway dehiscence after lung transplantation, and for the management of trac...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2009.08.002
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy is the most useful invasive technique for diagnosing lung cancer. This article details the use and efficacy of bronchoscopy with such established techniques as forceps biopsy, brush biopsy, and bronchial washing in the diagnosis and staging of bronchoscopically visible central lung can...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia, it is essential to get initial empiric therapy correct; this is challenging because many patients are infected with multidrug-resistant pathogens. The need for achieving appropriate therapy can lead to broad-spectrum empiric therapy, which can represent antibiotic overus...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2011.05.009
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV-AIDS has disproportionately affected minority populations in the United States. Significant disparities in case rates and mortality have been noted. This article reviews the magnitude of the problem and the many factors involved in the development and perpetuation of these disparities. Possible measures to help co...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2006.04.010
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (Dlco) remains the only noninvasive pulmonary function test to provide an integrated picture of gas exchange efficiency in human lungs. Due to its critical dependence on the accessible "alveolar" volume (Va), there remains substantial misunderstanding on the interpretation o...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2019.02.005
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-small cell lung cancer with very limited extent of metastatic spread commonly is termed, oligometastatic disease (OMD), and typically described as no more than 3 to 5 lesions. Definitive local therapy potentially leads to significant improvement in progression-free survival and overall survival. OMD may occur de n...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2020.02.004
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cough is a complex physiologic event that protects the lungs from mechanical, chemical, and thermal injury. It is a normal reflex and therefore helps humans to adapt to an ever-changing environment. Cough can also be a pathologic reflex in that it may be an important and often the only sign of serious disease, may sig...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is one of the few forms of pulmonary hypertension that is surgically curable. It is likely underdiagnosed and must be considered in every patient presenting with pulmonary hypertension to avoid missing the opportunity to cure these patients. This article discusses the epid...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2010.07.006
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews aspects of mechanical ventilation in patients without lung injury, patients in the perioperative period, and those with neurologic injury or disease including spinal cord injury. Specific emphasis is placed on ventilator strategies, including timing and indications for tracheostomy. Lung protectiv...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2016.07.010
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00