Approach to adult respiratory distress syndrome and respiratory failure in elderly patients.

abstract：:The older adult demonstrates several alterations in the ventilatory response to exercise relative to the young adult. These differences are primarily caused by the aging-induced loss of elastic recoil of the lung, which reduces expiratory airflow rates along the effort-independent portion of the maximal volitional flo...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Johnson BD,Badr MS,Dempsey JA

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare syndrome characterized by the accumulation of surfactant in alveoli and terminal airways resulting in respiratory failure. PAP comprises part of a spectrum of disorders of surfactant homeostasis (clearance and production). The surfactant production disorders are caused by...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Suzuki T,Trapnell BC

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A variety of mechanical devices may be used to provide assistance when ventilation and cough are severely impaired by progressive respiratory weakness caused by neuromuscular disease. Traditionally, positive pressure ventilation via a tracheostomy has been used, but if upper airway function is adequate, a variety of n...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Unterborn JN,Hill NS

更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From our studies, it is clear that diaphragm muscle neuromotor control is responsive to alterations in innervation and activation. These adaptations to altered use appear to be most pronounced among fast-twitch motor units composed of type II muscle fibers. Because the plasticity involves diminished contractile streng...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Sieck GC

更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pregnancy induces significant physiologic stresses on the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems that may precipitate respiratory compromise. In addition, certain disease states that are unique to the pregnant woman, such as amniotic fluid emboli syndrome, may be associated with respiratory failure. The physiologic chan...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Pereira A,Krieger BP

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complications of tracheotomy are largely preventable. Although some authors cite these complications as indications for prolonged endotracheal intubation to avoid tracheotomy, others believe that the laryngotracheal complications of prolonged endotracheal intubation warrant early tracheotomy. Obviously, unnecessary tr...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Wood DE,Mathisen DJ

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Airway inflammation due to exposure to a wide variety of agents encountered in the workplace is a major cause of occupational asthma. This article reviews major examples of occupational asthma linked to airway inflammation, including their epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical course. ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Fine JM,Balmes JR

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia, it is essential to get initial empiric therapy correct; this is challenging because many patients are infected with multidrug-resistant pathogens. The need for achieving appropriate therapy can lead to broad-spectrum empiric therapy, which can represent antibiotic overus...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Niederman MS,Soulountsi V

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the past 3 years, lung volume reduction surgery has become the most controversial topic in the clinical management of patients with emphysema. Although literature has added to the understanding of the procedure, many important issues remain unclear. This article emphasizes functional and basic physiologic changes t...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Sciurba FC

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews the basic principles of drug treatment of tuberculosis, individual pharmacologic agents, current treatment recommendations, and several special situations that clinicians are likely to encounter in medical practice. ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Sahbazian B,Weis SE

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cough is a complex physiologic event that protects the lungs from mechanical, chemical, and thermal injury. It is a normal reflex and therefore helps humans to adapt to an ever-changing environment. Cough can also be a pathologic reflex in that it may be an important and often the only sign of serious disease, may sig...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Braman SS,Corrao WM

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH), are unusually prevalent among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Often these disease states are identified at younger ages than would be expected in the general population. Recent epide...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Fitzpatrick M,Crothers K,Morris A

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most gravidas with asthma can be managed with an inhaled beta-adrenergic agonist (terbutaline or epinephrine) and beclomethasone dipropionate. The administration of prednisone to control exacerbation of asthma is appropriate and should not be withheld if current medications are inadequate. The outcome of pregnancy in ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Greenberger PA

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because the AIDS epidemic continues to grow, there is a sense of urgency to develop new treatment strategies, both for HIV infection and for AIDS-related illnesses. The rapid gathering of basic information related to HIV type 1 biology and opportunistic infections has led to an explosion in physicians' ability to diag...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Polsky B

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article discusses refeeding in relation to respiratory skeletal muscle function and the subsequent function of the respiratory system as a whole. The characteristic alterations in malnourished skeletal muscle and the response to refeeding are outlined. Following this, a simple energetic model is used to explore f...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Fraser IM

更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hemodynamic monitoring is a diagnostic tool. Because hemodynamic monitoring often requires invasive procedures, it can be associated with an increased incidence of untoward events. Like any diagnostic tool, its ability to improve outcome will be primarily related to the survival benefit enjoyed by specific therapies t...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Pinsky MR

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantitative assessment of pulmonary metabolic function has been shown to be a novel and important approach to obtaining specific and subtle biochemical information regarding endothelial cell function in the normal and diseased lung. A primary consideration in this measurement of whole organ metabolism, whether it be ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Pitt BR,Lister G

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The term "steroid-resistant (SR) asthma" has been used to describe a group of asthmatics who demonstrate persistent airway obstruction and inflammation despite treatment with high doses of systemic glucocorticoids. There are at least two forms of SR asthma, that is, primary and acquired types. Type I SR asthma is acqu...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Leung DY,Szefler SJ

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent advances in our understanding of breathing in sleep include an evolution in the selection and surgical therapy of patients with the sleep apnea syndrome. Recent work suggests that shorter polysomnographic studies may be adequate for diagnostic purposes in many sleep apnea patients. It is now clear that cent...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Kryger MH,White DP,Zwillich CW,Robinson RW,Guilleminault C

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Computed tomography has acquired an increasingly central role in the evaluation of asbestos-exposed individuals. The advantages of increased contrast resolution and axial image display have extended our ability to interrogate areas of the pulmonary parenchyma and pleura that are inadequately seen on chest radiographs....

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Aberle DR,Balmes JR

更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and its targets are reviewed physiologically during sepsis and wound healing, a self-limiting process in which mechanisms are still identified incompletely. NO also plays an active and direct role during infection, aimed at protecting the host and destroying the microbe. During septi...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Payen D,Bernard C,Beloucif S

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The modern history of cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of continuous improvement. Guidelines and evidence-based medicine provide a general roadmap for directing improvement efforts. Data and measurement are central to quality improvement (QI), a way of keeping score and staying on track. This article describes the history ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Quinton HB,O'Connor GT

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinically apparent involvement of the heart and nervous system occurs in a relatively small number of patients with sarcoidosis. The diagnosis of myocardial and neurological sarcoidosis is difficult because anatomic presence of granulomas without clinical dysfunction is an important feature of sarcoidosis. The chest ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Sharma OP

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bullectomy for giant bullae, lung volume reduction surgery, and lung transplantation are three surgical therapies that may benefit highly selected patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this article, each procedure is reviewed, with an emphasis on guidelines for patient selection and clinical...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Lederer DJ,Arcasoy SM

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tuberculosis (TB) epidemic is well controlled in most developed countries and the focus in these areas has shifted to TB eradication. Transmission within nonendemic areas is limited and most cases of TB result from reactivation of distant (latent) infection. With adequate resources, wide-scale use of preventive th...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Marais BJ,Ayles H,Graham SM,Godfrey-Faussett P

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Current advances in guided bronchoscopy methods permit minimally invasive access to essentially any area of the lungs. This provides a potential means to treat patients with localized lung malignancies who might not otherwise tolerate conventional treatment, which commonly relies on surgical resection. Ablation method...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Hsia DW,Musani AI

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is commonly associated with pulmonary disease that can affect any anatomic compartment of the thorax. The most common intrathoracic manifestations of RA include interstitial lung disease, airway disease, pleural disease, rheumatoid nodules, and drug-induced toxicity. Patients with RA with tho...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Esposito AJ,Chu SG,Madan R,Doyle TJ,Dellaripa PF

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both chylothorax and pseudochylothorax are characterized by milky or turbid pleural effusions. The importance of distinguishing these two conditions cannot be overemphasized because the prognosis and management are different. ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Sassoon CS,Light RW

更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become a major and growing health problem, with a mortality rate that continues to increase. Several factors, have been identified as individual predictors of mortality in COPD. This article reviews individual predictors for mortality. It also discusses the ability of a...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Cote CG,Celli BR

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Available targeted therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension are capable only of slowing progression of the disease and a cure remains elusive. However with the improved understanding of the pulmonary vascular remodeling that characterizes the disease, there is optimism that the disconnect between preclinical and ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： O'Connell C,O'Callaghan DS,Humbert M

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00