Abstract:
:This article discusses refeeding in relation to respiratory skeletal muscle function and the subsequent function of the respiratory system as a whole. The characteristic alterations in malnourished skeletal muscle and the response to refeeding are outlined. Following this, a simple energetic model is used to explore future areas of therapeutic research and practical recommendations.
journal_name
Clin Chest Medjournal_title
Clinics in chest medicineauthors
Fraser IMsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-03-01 00:00:00pages
131-9issue
1eissn
0272-5231issn
1557-8216journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Lung cancer can be diagnosed based on histologic biopsy or cytologic specimens. The 2015 World Health Organization Classification of Lung Tumors addressed the diagnosis of lung cancer in resection specimens and in small biopsies and cytology specimens. For these small specimens, diagnostic terms and criteria are recom...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2019.11.001
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although a biopsy may need to be performed in complicated patients, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is an important adjunct to the diagnosis of pulmonary and disseminated fungal infections. Culture is the gold standard for diagnosis in many instances, but cytologic and morphologic analysis is often diagnostic. Although n...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2009.02.010
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past 3 years, lung volume reduction surgery has become the most controversial topic in the clinical management of patients with emphysema. Although literature has added to the understanding of the procedure, many important issues remain unclear. This article emphasizes functional and basic physiologic changes t...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70377-4
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the United States, trauma is the leading cause of death in people under 40 years of age. Chest trauma is a relatively common but potentially lethal injury and requires a high level of suspicion, rapid diagnosis, and appropriate therapy. Methods for the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of chest trauma are discus...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors' data show a higher rate of pleural and meningeal involvement among extrapulmonary TB cases than expected by previous works. Special attention should be given to tuberculous meningitis cases among all extrapulmonary TB cases because of its high mortality rate. The most common extrapulmonary involvement is ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(02)00002-3
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinically apparent involvement of the heart and nervous system occurs in a relatively small number of patients with sarcoidosis. The diagnosis of myocardial and neurological sarcoidosis is difficult because anatomic presence of granulomas without clinical dysfunction is an important feature of sarcoidosis. The chest ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70420-2
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::As specialized laboratory tests became more widely available, Legionella species were found to be common causes of nosocomial and community-acquired pneumonia. Patients with chronic lung disease and organ transplants are at greatest risk. Clinical manifestations are non-specific, although fever greater than 39 degrees...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pathologic conditions affecting the abdomen are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit, but their importance is not widely recognized. This article presents several aspects of abdominal pathology that can occur in intensive care unit patients. This pathology may have a considerable i...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70145-3
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gas exchange between the atmosphere and the human body depends on the lungs and the function of the respiratory pump. The respiratory pump consists of the respiratory control center located in the brain, bony rib cage, diaphragm, and intercostal, accessory, and abdominal muscles. A variety of muscles serve to fine-tun...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2018.01.011
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Smoking is overwhelmingly the major cause of chronic bronchitis and emphysema worldwide. Additional risk factors for developing COPD are presented, along with the variables that govern cigarette smoke deposition in the lung. Major paradigms for the pathogenesis of COPD, including the protease-antiprotease and oxidant-...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70008-3
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the performance of more endoscopic procedures and newly developed diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, a wealth of information around the actual procedure is created. To date, accepted guidelines for standardized documentation are lacking. The authors present recommendations for minimal guidelines that may help...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70051-4
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tobacco dependency syndrome is an organic disease caused by chronic use of inhaled tobacco smoke. It is occasionally controlled by willpower alone, but often requires pharmacotherapy in conjunction with various techniques to manage the psychological manifestations. The two effective drugs are bupropion, which is an or...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70018-6
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endobronchial ablative therapies, such as mechanical debulking, laser therapy, electrocautery, argon plasma coagulation, cryotherapy, brachytherapy, photodynamic therapy, microdebrider bronchoscopy, resector balloon deobstruction, and intratumoral chemotherapy, are performed through a rigid or flexible bronchoscope in...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2017.11.008
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung transplantation is an accepted treatment for a large number of end-stage pulmonary diseases. There are several complications that pertain specifically to lung transplant recipients, including airway ischemia, reperfusion edema, infections, acute rejection, obliterative bronchiolitis, and other postoperative probl...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70257-4
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gram-negative bacteria gain access to the bloodstream by evading host defenses. Once in circulation, lipopolysaccharide interacts with the host receptor CD14 and initiates the host's immune response. Lipolysaccharide stimulates the host to produce a cascade of mediators that activate and target leukocytes, opsonize th...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70308-7
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interventional pulmonology encompasses diagnostic and therapeutic bronchoscopic procedures, and pleural interventions. In the last 10 years older techniques have been refined and exciting new technologies have extended the reach and application of the instruments used. The main areas within pulmonary medicine for whic...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2010.10.007
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The specialty has the knowledge and technology to change the outcome of lung cancer. Lung cancer, diagnosed in early stages, is as curable as all other cancers. Sputum cytology is the initial step in diagnosing roentgenographically occult lung cancer. Sputum cytology is complementary to CT scanning. Sputum cytology id...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(03)00060-1
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two recent major guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) recommend consideration of local antibiotic resistance patterns and individual patient risks for resistant pathogens when formulating an initial empiric antibiotic regimen. One recommends against invasive diagnostic techniq...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2018.08.002
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is commonly associated with pulmonary disease that can affect any anatomic compartment of the thorax. The most common intrathoracic manifestations of RA include interstitial lung disease, airway disease, pleural disease, rheumatoid nodules, and drug-induced toxicity. Patients with RA with tho...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2019.05.003
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::From our studies, it is clear that diaphragm muscle neuromotor control is responsive to alterations in innervation and activation. These adaptations to altered use appear to be most pronounced among fast-twitch motor units composed of type II muscle fibers. Because the plasticity involves diminished contractile streng...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:VAP is a complex nosocomial infection, the disease expression and resulting patient outcome of which is dependent on host factors, the causative organism, the timing and adequacy of treatment, and the presence of intrinsic or inducible antibiotic resistance. Significant improvements have been achieved in our...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70242-2
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pneumonia, acute bronchitis, and sinusitis are common infections encountered by the pulmonary specialist. Such conditions are usually treated with antibiotics, and their use requires an understanding of their pharmacokinetic properties as well as their antimicrobial spectrum and adverse side effects. ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Millions of people worldwide engage in leisure or occupational activities in extreme environments. These environments entail health risks even for normal subjects. The presence of lung disease, or other conditions, further predisposes to illness or injury. Patients who have lung conditions should, but often do not, co...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2005.05.006
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The features characterizing pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae are described. Typical cases, along with chest radiographs of laboratory-documented cases, are presented. ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent progress in medical therapies has diminished the role of transplantation in the management of PPH during the past decade. Drug therapy is not effective in some patients, responses to therapy are not sustained over time in others, and drug side effects eventually limit the benefits of treatment in a few more. Lu...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70293-8
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The types of pulmonary arterial hypertension described here all focus attention on the changes produced in the lung's microcirculation, particularly the precapillary unit. Although one senses intuitively that obliteration of resistance arteries is an effective cause of hypertension, we emphasize that cell metaplasia a...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The term "steroid-resistant (SR) asthma" has been used to describe a group of asthmatics who demonstrate persistent airway obstruction and inflammation despite treatment with high doses of systemic glucocorticoids. There are at least two forms of SR asthma, that is, primary and acquired types. Type I SR asthma is acqu...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70405-6
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with diagnosed or suspected lung cancer first require appropriate staging and proven anatomic resectability. Excellent pre-operative spirometric data (FEV1 > 2.0 L, > 60% predicted) should recommend the patient for surgery immediately without further testing. Those whose preoperative FEV1 is less than 60% pre...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Massive hemoptysis accounts for a minority of all patients with hemoptysis but poses a major challenge for the acute and long-term treatment. Massive hemoptysis can lead to asphyxiation and airway obstruction, shock, and exsanguination. Bronchoscopy plays an integral part in managing massive hemoptysis in diagnosis an...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70129-5
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most gravidas with asthma can be managed with an inhaled beta-adrenergic agonist (terbutaline or epinephrine) and beclomethasone dipropionate. The administration of prednisone to control exacerbation of asthma is appropriate and should not be withheld if current medications are inadequate. The outcome of pregnancy in ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00