Pulmonary function testing and extreme environments.

abstract：:Corticosteroids are the most effective treatment for asthma; inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are the first-line treatment for children and adults with persistent symptoms. ICSs are associated with significant improvements in lung function. The anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteroids are mediated by both genomic an...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Ramadan AA,Gaffin JM,Israel E,Phipatanakul W

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews the basic principles of drug treatment of tuberculosis, individual pharmacologic agents, current treatment recommendations, and several special situations that clinicians are likely to encounter in medical practice. ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Sahbazian B,Weis SE

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews aspects of mechanical ventilation in patients without lung injury, patients in the perioperative period, and those with neurologic injury or disease including spinal cord injury. Specific emphasis is placed on ventilator strategies, including timing and indications for tracheostomy. Lung protectiv...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Bowton DL,Scott LK

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sleep-related breathing disorders are strongly associated with increased risk of stroke independent of known risk factors. The direction of causation favors sleep-disordered breathing leading to stroke rather than the other way around, although definitive proof of this awaits the results of prospective cohort studies....

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Yaggi H,Mohsenin V

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:ICU-acquired weakness is a common problem and carries significant morbidity. Despite evidence that early mobility can mitigate this, implementation outside of the research setting is lagging. Understanding barriers at the systems as well as individual level is a crucial step in successful implementation of an ICU mobi...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Honiden S,Connors GR

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypoxemia is a prevalent problem in the chronically critically ill patient. This article reviews the pathophysiologic mechanisms of hypoxemia in this patient population, discusses how oxygenation is evaluated, and reviews methods for delivery of oxygen. Other topics directly related to oxygen use, such as oxygen toxic...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： White AC

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For clinicians involved in airway management, a plan of action for dealing with the difficult airway or a failed intubation should be developed well in advance of encountering a patient in whom intubation is not routine. When difficulty is anticipated, the equipment necessary for performing a difficult intubation shou...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Schwartz DE,Wiener-Kronish JP

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors attempt to demonstrate those circumstances for which perfusion scintigraphy, by itself, or in combination with ventilation scintiscanning, offers the best adjunctive information in excluding or confirming the presence of pulmonary embolism. They then identify those circumstances in which scintiscanning doe...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Polak JF,McNeil BJ

更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews several important noninfectious pulmonary complications that threaten survival, pulmonary function, and quality of life after lung transplantation. Topics reviewed include primary graft dysfunction (PGD), native lung hyperinflation, anastomotic complications, phrenic nerve injury, pleural complica...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Ahya VN,Kawut SM

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity is a major risk factor for asthma. This association appears related to altered dietary composition and metabolic factors that can directly affect airway reactivity and airway inflammation. This article discusses how specific changes in the western diet and metabolic changes associated with the obese state affe...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Dixon AE,Holguin F

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Available targeted therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension are capable only of slowing progression of the disease and a cure remains elusive. However with the improved understanding of the pulmonary vascular remodeling that characterizes the disease, there is optimism that the disconnect between preclinical and ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： O'Connell C,O'Callaghan DS,Humbert M

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The combination of the unique pathologic features of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) on biopsy, the progressive clinical course, and resistance to anti-inflammatory therapy constitutes the cardinal manifestations of what is termed idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IFP)/usual interstitial pneumonia, and it has led to r...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Noble PW,Homer RJ

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of different imaging modalities can be used in the assessment of pleural disease. Although ultrasound has been the more traditional method, CT has found increasing utility for the assessment of the empyema and loculated pleural fluid collections prior to drainage and the evaluation of benign and malignant ple...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： McLoud TC

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The specialty has the knowledge and technology to change the outcome of lung cancer. Lung cancer, diagnosed in early stages, is as curable as all other cancers. Sputum cytology is the initial step in diagnosing roentgenographically occult lung cancer. Sputum cytology is complementary to CT scanning. Sputum cytology id...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Petty TL,Tockman MS,Palcic B

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:VAP is a complex nosocomial infection, the disease expression and resulting patient outcome of which is dependent on host factors, the causative organism, the timing and adequacy of treatment, and the presence of intrinsic or inducible antibiotic resistance. Significant improvements have been achieved in our...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Kollef MH

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The process of smoking cessation involves progression through five stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. Most patients are not prepared to take action on their smoking, yet most smoking cessation programs are designed for smokers who are so prepared. Small percentages...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Prochaska JO,Goldstein MG

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pharmacologic treatment of the reversible elements of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is discussed in this article. Discussion focuses on three classes of bronchodilator drugs--the sympathomimetic agents, the methylxanthines, and the anticholinergic agents. A section on corticosteroid use in patients with ch...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Theodore AC,Beer DJ

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of nuclear magnetic resonance to produce diagnostic images of the human chest has just become possible. These images are computer-reconstructed maps of the distribution in tissue of protons and of some of their magnetic characteristics. The images are high resolution and anatomically accurate, are capable of d...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Newhouse JH

更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The most common causes for undiagnosed transudative effusions are congestive heart failure and hepatic hydrothorax. Pleural fluid N terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels higher than 1500 pg/mL are virtually diagnostic of congestive heart failure. The most common causes for undiagnosed exudative pleural effusio...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Light RW

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary embolism remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. However, with improved recognition and diagnosis, the risk of death diminishes. The diagnosis depends on the clinician's suspicion. Pulmonary emboli are categorized into low, intermediate, or high risk based on the scoring scal...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Islam EA,Winn RE,Test V

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The types of pulmonary arterial hypertension described here all focus attention on the changes produced in the lung's microcirculation, particularly the precapillary unit. Although one senses intuitively that obliteration of resistance arteries is an effective cause of hypertension, we emphasize that cell metaplasia a...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Meyrick B,Reid L

更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pathogenic importance of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in AIDS-associated pneumonitis is controversial. Uncertainty regarding the significance of CMV isolation from pulmonary secretions of AIDS patients results in part from the difficulty in distinguishing CMV infection from CMV disease and from the high frequen...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Jacobson MA,Mills J

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although primarily a lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is now recognized to have extrapulmonary effects on distal organs, the so-called systemic effects and comorbidities of COPD. Skeletal muscle dysfunction, nutritional abnormalities including weight loss, cardiovascular complications, metabo...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Choudhury G,Rabinovich R,MacNee W

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV-AIDS has disproportionately affected minority populations in the United States. Significant disparities in case rates and mortality have been noted. This article reviews the magnitude of the problem and the many factors involved in the development and perpetuation of these disparities. Possible measures to help co...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Robles AM,Stringer HG Jr

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As recently as the 1992 Report of the American Thoracic Society Workshop on Lung Transplantation, no QOL facts were given and no knowledge gaps related to QOL outcomes were cited. Even at the present time, the information in that area is based on a relatively small set of preliminary reports. Current information indic...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Gross CR,Raghu G

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, bacterial organisms are clinically relevant contributors to asthma exacerbations, and have received much less attention than viruses in this process. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis have been linked to asthma exacerbations, particularly when sinusitis is present. ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Kraft M

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The basic science and clinical understanding of infection with Blastomyces dermatitidis has been a field of constant evolution and continued revision of hypotheses. This article highlights some areas in which recent progress has the potential for significant impact on the clinical care of patients. Specifically, this ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： McKinnell JA,Pappas PG

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hyperventilation seen in asthma is due to an increase in respiratory drive. This may be reflected by increased neural output to the respiratory muscles and probably by alterations in the respiratory pattern. This increased respiratory drive is most likely in response to irritant receptor stimulation in the lung. O...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Schiff M

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Selected occupational populations are at the highest risk of lung cancer, because they smoke at increased rates and are concurrently exposed to workplace lung carcinogens. Low-dose computed tomography (CT)-based lung cancer screening has an enormous potential to reduce lung cancer mortality in these populations, as sh...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Markowitz SB,Dickens B

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severe asthma remains poorly understood and frustrating to treat, partly because it is a heterogeneous disease. Recent improvements in the definition of severe asthma have allowed better characterization of the phenotypes of severe asthma and the related physiologic and pathologic abnormalities. Early-onset severe ast...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Wenzel S

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00