Abstract:
:Chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH), are unusually prevalent among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Often these disease states are identified at younger ages than would be expected in the general population. Recent epidemiologic, basic scientific, and cross-sectional clinical data have implicated immune dysfunction and cellular senescence as potential drivers of advanced presentations of age-related diseases in HIV-infected persons. This article describes how HIV-associated COPD and PH may fit into a paradigm of immunosenescence, and outlines the hypothesized associations among chronic HIV infection, immune dysfunction and senescence, and cardiopulmonary outcomes.
journal_name
Clin Chest Medjournal_title
Clinics in chest medicineauthors
Fitzpatrick M,Crothers K,Morris Adoi
10.1016/j.ccm.2013.01.010subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-06-01 00:00:00pages
325-31issue
2eissn
0272-5231issn
1557-8216pii
S0272-5231(13)00029-4journal_volume
34pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Computed tomography has acquired an increasingly central role in the evaluation of asbestos-exposed individuals. The advantages of increased contrast resolution and axial image display have extended our ability to interrogate areas of the pulmonary parenchyma and pleura that are inadequately seen on chest radiographs....
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tobacco dependency syndrome is an organic disease caused by chronic use of inhaled tobacco smoke. It is occasionally controlled by willpower alone, but often requires pharmacotherapy in conjunction with various techniques to manage the psychological manifestations. The two effective drugs are bupropion, which is an or...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70018-6
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Massive hemoptysis is a rare, but life-threatening event. Death from massive hemoptysis is usually due to aspiration of blood. Thus, the initial evaluation should occur simultaneously with efforts to control the patient's airway and respiratory status. Therapeutic interventions can be directed with an understanding of...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become a major and growing health problem, with a mortality rate that continues to increase. Several factors, have been identified as individual predictors of mortality in COPD. This article reviews individual predictors for mortality. It also discusses the ability of a...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2007.05.002
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article review available strategies for mechanically ventilating patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. The authors first present the conventional strategies of mechanical ventilation: volume-limited mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) at normal inspiratory-expirato...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity hypoventilation syndrome has been noted for centuries, yet we still are trying to uncover the exact mechanisms behind the disease and best treatment modalities for patients afflicted by the condition. The syndrome, which results in symptoms based on a diverse spectrum of interactions between obesity, ventilato...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2018.01.006
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thoracic imaging is widely used to detect lower respiratory tract infections, identify their complications, and aid in differentiating infectious from noninfectious thoracic disease. Less commonly, the combination of imaging findings and a clinical setting can favor infection with a specific organism. This confluence ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2015.02.005
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There will be many changes in the sleep field in the next 5 to 10 years. These will include increments in our knowledge of the basic neurobiologic mechanisms driving sleep and the impact of sleep loss on general health. The technology used in the sleep laboratory will likely change as well, leading to a larger range o...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70444-5
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the basic pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the abnormal pulmonary gas exchange often seen in patients with cirrhosis. To summarize, the following keypoints seem appropriate: (1) Patients with cirrhosis have a low pulmonary vascular tone characterized by a poor or absent hypoxic pressor respo...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70298-7
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The types of pulmonary arterial hypertension described here all focus attention on the changes produced in the lung's microcirculation, particularly the precapillary unit. Although one senses intuitively that obliteration of resistance arteries is an effective cause of hypertension, we emphasize that cell metaplasia a...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biologic drugs have revolutionized the treatment of certain hematologic, autoimmune, and malignant diseases, but they may place patients at risk for reactivation or acquisition of tuberculosis. This risk is highest with the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors. Amongst this class of drugs, the monoclonal ant...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2019.07.003
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complications of tracheotomy are largely preventable. Although some authors cite these complications as indications for prolonged endotracheal intubation to avoid tracheotomy, others believe that the laryngotracheal complications of prolonged endotracheal intubation warrant early tracheotomy. Obviously, unnecessary tr...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemodynamic monitoring is a diagnostic tool. Because hemodynamic monitoring often requires invasive procedures, it can be associated with an increased incidence of untoward events. Like any diagnostic tool, its ability to improve outcome will be primarily related to the survival benefit enjoyed by specific therapies t...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(03)00095-9
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past decade, there have been more patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) surviving to adulthood; whether due to late repair, or complex underlying CHD, many of these patients will be faced with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with CHD (APAH-CHD). In this review, the authors discuss the mo...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2013.08.011
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypoxemia is a prevalent problem in the chronically critically ill patient. This article reviews the pathophysiologic mechanisms of hypoxemia in this patient population, discusses how oxygenation is evaluated, and reviews methods for delivery of oxygen. Other topics directly related to oxygen use, such as oxygen toxic...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70029-0
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::As recently as the 1992 Report of the American Thoracic Society Workshop on Lung Transplantation, no QOL facts were given and no knowledge gaps related to QOL outcomes were cited. Even at the present time, the information in that area is based on a relatively small set of preliminary reports. Current information indic...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70387-7
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent advances in our understanding of breathing in sleep include an evolution in the selection and surgical therapy of patients with the sleep apnea syndrome. Recent work suggests that shorter polysomnographic studies may be adequate for diagnostic purposes in many sleep apnea patients. It is now clear that cent...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with diagnosed or suspected lung cancer first require appropriate staging and proven anatomic resectability. Excellent pre-operative spirometric data (FEV1 > 2.0 L, > 60% predicted) should recommend the patient for surgery immediately without further testing. Those whose preoperative FEV1 is less than 60% pre...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Massive hemoptysis accounts for a minority of all patients with hemoptysis but poses a major challenge for the acute and long-term treatment. Massive hemoptysis can lead to asphyxiation and airway obstruction, shock, and exsanguination. Bronchoscopy plays an integral part in managing massive hemoptysis in diagnosis an...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70129-5
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::As specialized laboratory tests became more widely available, Legionella species were found to be common causes of nosocomial and community-acquired pneumonia. Patients with chronic lung disease and organ transplants are at greatest risk. Clinical manifestations are non-specific, although fever greater than 39 degrees...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. However, pneumonia is an unusual outcome of respiratory infection. Most of the time, microbes in the lung can be controlled by a combination of constitutive and recruited defense mechanisms. Inflammation is a key component of recruited defenses. Variations in...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2018.07.002
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A multitude of overlapping defenses has evolved to help combat the inventiveness of pathogens seeking to invade us, and because the lung is the most common primary route of infection, it is in the lung that the most varied responses are seen. This article focuses on recent research, particularly in innate immunity, an...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2012.03.003
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Continuous mechanical ventilation used for life support is accepted as standard practice in nearly every hospital in the United States today. The history of the evolution of techniques that we take virtually for granted today is fascinating. This article recounts some of the highlights in the development of modern-day...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary hypertension is a frequently encountered problem in older patients. True idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension can also be seen and requires careful exclusion in older patients. Institution of therapies must be tempered with an appreciation of individual comorbidities and functional limitations that may...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2007.08.006
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::As parenchymal lung disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease becomes increasingly severe there is a diminishing prospect of drug therapies conferring clinically useful benefit. Lung volume reduction surgery is effective in patients with heterogenous upper zone emphysema and reduced exercise tolerance, and is p...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2013.10.011
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cough is a complex physiologic event that protects the lungs from mechanical, chemical, and thermal injury. It is a normal reflex and therefore helps humans to adapt to an ever-changing environment. Cough can also be a pathologic reflex in that it may be an important and often the only sign of serious disease, may sig...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To conclude, impairment ratings differ among various diseases and compensation programs. It therefore is important to note, at the outset, which compensation program the patient is eligible for because the requirements of the different programs may vary. The physician report must clearly state an opinion using termino...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70395-6
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia, it is essential to get initial empiric therapy correct; this is challenging because many patients are infected with multidrug-resistant pathogens. The need for achieving appropriate therapy can lead to broad-spectrum empiric therapy, which can represent antibiotic overus...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2011.05.009
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In summary, long-term complications of artificial airways are rare but important sequelae of artificial airways. Many of the potential long-term complications of translaryngeal intubation and tracheotomy are similar and overlapping. Although most patients who undergo these procedures tend to tolerate them without diff...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(03)00048-0
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objectives of this article are to (1) understand how respiratory event definitions and syndrome threshold values affect prevalence estimates of obstructive sleep apnea in adults, (2) recognize important risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in adults, and (3) understand current theories of the underlying mechan...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2010.02.011
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00