Abstract:
BACKGROUND:No research has yet focused on hypomanic states in non-clinical early adult populations. The aim of the present study was therefore to assess hypomania in a large non-clinical sample of young adults. METHODS:A total of 862 participants (639 females and 223 males; mean age: M=24.67; SD=5.91) took part in the study. They completed a series of validated self-report questionnaires assessing hypomania (HCL-32) and other aspects of psychological functioning, sleep, stress, quality of life, cognitive-emotional elaboration of pain, self-efficacy, and physical activity. RESULTS:Based on the HCL-32, 19% of the participants (n=169) were categorized as currently being in a hypomanic state. Of those, 57.6% were classified as "active/elated" ('bright side'), whereas 42.4% were classified as "irritable/risk-taking" ('dark side'). Compared to non-hypomanic participants and the 'bright side' group, 'dark side' hypomanic participants reported more depressive symptoms, sleep disturbances, somatic complaints, perceived stress, negative coping strategies, and lower self-efficacy. By contrast, 'bright side' hypomanic participants had lower stress scores, more positive self-instructions, and higher levels of exploration, self-efficacy, and physical activity. LIMITATIONS:A cross-sectional design was adopted, assessing university students, who may not be representative of the stage of early adulthood. CONCLUSIONS:The present results underscore the notion of a continuity between a mood state and both favorable ('bright side') and unfavorable ('dark side') hypomanic states. In early adulthood, 'bright' and 'dark side' hypomania differs with respect to physical activity, psychological functioning and sleep.
journal_name
J Affect Disordjournal_title
Journal of affective disordersauthors
Brand S,Gerber M,Pühse U,Holsboer-Trachsler Edoi
10.1016/j.jad.2010.12.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-06-01 00:00:00pages
68-78issue
1-3eissn
0165-0327issn
1573-2517pii
S0165-0327(10)00741-Xjournal_volume
131pub_type
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abstract:OBJECTIVE:Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective mode of treatment--especially for severe depression and for depression refractory to pharmacotherapy, nevertheless the mode of action of ECT is far from being fully understood. This study assessed the effects of a series of ECT in depressive subjects on cerebral...
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