Abstract：
PURPOSE:Solar energy has a number of short- and long-term detrimental effects on skin that can result in several skin disorders. The aim of this review is to summarise current knowledge on endogenous systems within the skin for protection from solar radiation and present research findings to date, on the exogenous options for such skin photoprotection. RESULTS:Endogenous systems for protection from solar radiation include melanin synthesis, epidermal thickening and an antioxidant network. Existing lesions are eliminated via repair mechanisms. Cells with irreparable damage undergo apoptosis. Excessive and chronic sun exposure however can overwhelm these mechanisms leading to photoaging and the development of cutaneous malignancies. Therefore exogenous means are a necessity. Exogenous protection includes sun avoidance, use of photoprotective clothing and sufficient application of broad-spectrum sunscreens as presently the best way to protect the skin. However other strategies that may enhance currently used means of protection are being investigated. These are often based on the endogenous protective response to solar light such as compounds that stimulate pigmentation, antioxidant enzymes, DNA repair enzymes, non-enzymatic antioxidants. CONCLUSION:More research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of new alternatives to photoprotection such as use of DNA repair and antioxidant enzymes and plant polyphenols and to find an efficient way for their delivery to the skin. New approaches to the prevention of skin damage are important especially for specific groups of people such as (young) children, photosensitive people and patients on immunosuppressive therapy. Changes in public awareness on the subject too must be made.
journal_name
Int J Radiat Bioljournal_title
International journal of radiation biologyauthors
Svobodová A,Vostálová Jdoi
10.3109/09553002.2010.501842subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-12-01 00:00:00pages
999-1030issue
12eissn
0955-3002issn
1362-3095journal_volume
86pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate the characteristic features of mechanical responses and the membrane potential changes induced by repetitive pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF, 50 Hz, 5 mT) in thoracic aorta rings obtained from streptozotocin-induced diabetic and healthy control rats to determine if PEMF could ameliorate problems ...
journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/09553000903009522
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Free radical formation in aqueous solutions of ubiquinone (coenzyme Qo) induced by ultrasound was studied by EPR and spin trapping with 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzene sulphonate. When aqueous solutions of ubiquinone were sonicated with 50-kHz ultrasound in the presence of argon or nitrogen, radicals formed by addition o...
journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/095530096146246
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
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journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/09553002.2012.644257
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journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
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journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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abstract：PURPOSE:To follow plasma Flt3-ligand (FL) concentrations in irradiated animals in order to evaluate it as an indicator of bone marrow damage for the management of accidental radiation-induced aplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Non-human primates were irradiated at doses ranging from 2 to 8 Gy, using whole- or partial-body...
journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
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abstract：PURPOSE:The sequelae of premature loss of ovarian function can undoubtedly have undesirable effects for a woman although radiotherapy is one of the most relevant treatment modalities for various types of malignancies. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different doses of radiation on ovarian folliculo...
journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/09553002.2021.1864497
更新日期：2021-01-06 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
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更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/09553009214552121
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Induction by gamma-radiation, UV radiation or hydroxyurea of RecA gene product synthesis in Escherichia coli, monitored as beta-D-galactosidase in recA-lacZ fusion strains, was shown to be inhibited if 2-mercaptoethylamine (MEA) was added before treatment with the inducing agents. If cysteine (Cys) at low concentratio...
journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/095530096146228
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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abstract：PURPOSE:A minority of patients exhibits severe late normal tissue toxicity after radiotherapy (RT), possibly related to their inherent individual radiation sensitivity. This study aimed to evaluate four different candidate in vitro cellular radiosensitivity assays for prediction of late normal tissue reactions, in a re...
journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/09553002.2016.1230238
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/09553009114550121
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
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更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2020-10-26 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
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pub_type： 杂志文章,收录出版
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journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
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更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/09553000410001723866
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/095530096144617
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Ionizing radiation causes various types of DNA damage e.g. single strand breaks (SSB) and double strand breaks (DSB), whereby the SSB/DSB ratio is shifted toward the DSB with increasing LET. For the DNA-incorporated Auger electron emitter Iodine-125 a SSB/DSB ratio of 5.4:1 is calculated based on computer simul...
journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
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更新日期：2020-12-03 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
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更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of radiation biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/09553002.2020.1704299
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
